Stress Field Interactions Between Overlapping Shield Volcanoes : Borehole Breakout Evidence From the Island of Hawai'i, USA

Acknowledgments: This PTA2 borehole investigation was funded by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) and by VMAPP (Volcanic Margin Petroleum Prospectivity) project (VBPR/DougalEARTH/TGS) in collaboration with the Humu'ula Groundwater Research Project. D. A. J. and S. P. are partly funded through a Norwegian Research Council Centres of Excellence project (project number 223272, CEED). We thank Marco Groh for the logging operations. We thank two anonymous reviewers for the comments and suggestions. We are particularly grateful to the Associate Editor Mike Poland for his valuable comments and his critical review that greatly improved the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Experimental study of the interplay between magmatic rift intrusion and flank instability with application to the 2001 Mount Etna eruption

Mount Etna volcano is subject to transient magmatic intrusions and flank movement. The east flank of the edifice, in particular, is moving eastward and is dissected by the Timpe Fault System. The relationship of this eastward motion with intrusions and tectonic fault motion, however, remains poorly constrained. Here we explore this relationship by using analogue experiments that are designed to simulate magmatic rift intrusion, flank movement, and fault activity before, during, and after a magmatic intrusion episode. Using particle image velocimetry allows for a precise temporal and spatial analysis of the development and activity of fault systems. The results show that the occurrence of rift intrusion episodes has a direct effect on fault activity. In such a situation, fault activitymay occur or may be hindered, depending on the interplay of fault displacement and flank acceleration in response to dike intrusion. Our results demonstrate that a complex interplaymay exist between an active tectonic fault system and magmatically induced flank instability. Episodes of magmatic intrusion change the intensity pattern of horizontal flank displacements andmay hinder or activate associated faults. We further compare our results with the GPS data of the Mount Etna 2001 eruption and intrusion. We find that syneruptive displacement rates at the Timpe Fault System have differed from the preeruptive or posteruptive periods, which shows a good agreement of both the experimental and the GPS data. Therefore, understanding the flank instability and flank stability at Mount Etna requires consideration of both tectonic and magmatic forcing

Thermomechanical characterization of leathers under tension using infrared thermography

International audienceLeather materials are subjected to various deformation states during their elaboration and their use as a final product. Although the mechanical response of leathers under tension has been studied in the literature for decades, scarce information is available on the nature of their elasticity and more generally on their thermomechanical behavior. In the present study, four leathers were tested under uniaxial loading conditions while temperature changes were measured at the specimen surface using infrared thermography. Two types of tests were performed at constant ambient temperature monotonous displacement-controlled tests until failure and cyclic load–unload tests with increasing amplitudes. The heat sources at the origin of the temperature changes were also determined by using a version of the heat diffusion equation applicable to homogeneous tests. Results enabled us to discuss the nature of thermoelastic couplings in leathers. Intrinsic dissipation caused by mechanical irreversibility was also detected and quantified. Distinct responses are evidenced depending on the type of leather tested

The Brief Case: A Mixed Cutibacterium Species Positive Valve Culture Hiding a Bartonella Infective Endocarditis

International audienceNo abstract availabl

Chemotaxonomic discrimination of lichen species using an infrared chalcogenide fibre optic sensor: A useful tool for on-field biosourcing

International audienc

Antimicrobial resistance in enterobacterales recovered from urinary tract infections in France

International audienceIn the context of increasing antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacterales, the management of these UTIs has become challenging. We retrospectively assess the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacterales isolates recovered from urinary tract samples in France, between 1 September 2017, to 31 August 2018. Twenty-six French clinical laboratories provided the susceptibility of 134,162 Enterobacterales isolates to 17 antimicrobials. The most frequent species were $E.\ coli$ (72.0%), $Klebsiella\ pneumoniae$ (9.7%), $Proteus\ mirabilis$ (5.8%), and $Enterobacter\ cloacae$ complex (2.9%). The overall rate of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales was 6.7%, and ranged from 1.0% in $P.\ mirabilis$ to 19.5% in $K.\ pneumoniae$, and from 3.1% in outpatients to 13.6% in long-term care facilities. Overall, 4.1%, 9.3% and 10.5% of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, temocillin and pivmecillinam. Cotrimoxazole was the less active compound with 23.4% resistance. Conversely, 4.4%, 12.9%, and 14.3% of the strains were resistant to fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin. However, less than 1% of E. coli was resistant to fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. We identified several trends in antibiotics resistances among Enterobacterales isolates recovered from the urinary tract samples in France. Carbapenem-sparing drugs, such as temocillin, mecillinam, fosfomycin, cefoxitin, and nitrofurantoin, remained highly active, including towards ESBL-E