Las influencias foráneas en el periodismo español de las periferias: francofilia y república en la prensa tinerfeña, 1874-1914

The foreign news -especially French- that reached Santa Cruz de Tenerife to be rebroadcast in the local press did not necessarily pass through Madrid before reaching the island of Tenerife, as some newspapers had their own networks of collaborators and circulation of international information. The role of these newspapers not only as a means of information on the political, cultural or scientific life of France, but also as organs that produced public opinion in the provincial capital of the Canary Islands, contributed to forge the singularity of press in Tenerife during these years.La información foránea —especialmente la francesa— que llegaba a Santa Cruz de Tenerife para ser retransmitida en la prensa local no pasaba necesariamente por Madrid antes de llegar a la isla de Tenerife, sino que los equipos de redacción de algunos periódicos disponían de sus propias redes de colaboradores exteriores y de circulación de la información internacional. El protagonismo de estos periódicos no solo como medios informativos sobre la vida política, cultural o científica de Francia, sino también como órganos productores de la opinión pública de la capital provincial de Canarias contribuyó a forjar la singularidad de la prensa tinerfeña de esos años.Les actualités étrangères —notamment françaises— qui parvenaient à Santa Cruz de Tenerife pour être rediffusées dans la presse locale ne passaient pas nécessairement par Madrid avant d'atteindre l'île de Tenerife, car certains journaux disposaient de leurs propres réseaux de collaborateurs et de circulation de l'information internationale. Le rôle de ces journaux non seulement comme moyens d'information sur la vie politique, culturelle ou scientifique de la France, mais aussi en tant qu'organes producteurs de l'opinion publique dans la capitale provinciale des îles Canaries, a contribué à forger la singularité de la presse de Tenerife au cours de ces années

Interspecific competition between entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema) is modified by their bacterial symbionts (Xenorhabdus)

BACKGROUND: Symbioses between invertebrates and prokaryotes are biological systems of particular interest in order to study the evolution of mutualism. The symbioses between the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema and their bacterial symbiont Xenorhabdus are very tractable model systems. Previous studies demonstrated (i) a highly specialized relationship between each strain of nematodes and its naturally associated bacterial strain and (ii) that mutualism plays a role in several important life history traits of each partner such as access to insect host resources, dispersal and protection against various biotic and abiotic factors. The goal of the present study was to address the question of the impact of Xenorhabdus symbionts on the progression and outcome of interspecific competition between individuals belonging to different Steinernema species. For this, we monitored experimental interspecific competition between (i) two nematode species: S. carpocapsae and S. scapterisci and (ii) their respective symbionts: X. nematophila and X. innexi within an experimental insect-host (Galleria mellonella). Three conditions of competition between nematodes were tested: (i) infection of insects with aposymbiotic IJs (i.e. without symbiont) of both species (ii) infection of insects with aposymbiotic IJs of both species in presence of variable proportion of their two Xenorhabdus symbionts and (iii) infection of insects with symbiotic IJs (i.e. naturally associated with their symbionts) of both species. RESULTS: We found that both the progression and the outcome of interspecific competition between entomopathogenic nematodes were influenced by their bacterial symbionts. Thus, the results obtained with aposymbiotic nematodes were totally opposite to those obtained with symbiotic nematodes. Moreover, the experimental introduction of different ratios of Xenorhabdus symbionts in the insect-host during competition between Steinernema modified the proportion of each species in the adults and in the global offspring. CONCLUSION: We showed that Xenorhabdus symbionts modified the competition between their Steinernema associates. This suggests that Xenorhabdus not only provides Steinernema with access to food sources but also furnishes new abilities to deal with biotic parameters such as competitors

Uracil DNA Glycosylase 2 negatively regulates HIV-1 LTR transcription

Numerous cellular factors belonging to the DNA repair machineries, including RAD18, RAD52, XPB and XPD, have been described to counteract human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. Recently, Uracil DNA glycosylase 2 (UNG2), a major determinant of the uracil base excision repair pathway, was shown to undergo rapid proteasome-dependent degradation following HIV-1 infection. However, the specific role of intracellular UNG2 depletion during the course of HIV-1 infection is not clearly understood. Our study shows for the first time that overexpression of UNG2 inhibits HIV-1 replication. We demonstrate that this viral inhibition is correlated with a marked decrease in transcription efficiency as shown by monitoring HIV-1 LTR promoter activity and quantification of HIV-1 RNA levels. Interestingly, UNG2 inhibits LTR activity when stimulated by Tat transactivator or TNFα, while barely affected using Phorbol ester activation. Mutational analysis of UNG2 indicates that antiviral activity may require the integrity of the UNG2 catalytic domain. Altogether, our data indicate that UNG2 is likely to represent a new host defense factor specifically counteracted by HIV-1 Vpr. The molecular mechanisms involved in the UNG2 antiviral activity still remain elusive but may rely on the sequestration of specific cellular factor(s) critical for viral transcription

Genetic landscape of a large cohort of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency : New genes and pathways and implications for personalized medicine

Background Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), a public health problem, affects 1-3.7% of women under 40 yield-ing infertility and a shorter lifespan. Most causes are unknown. Recently, genetic causes were identified, mostly in single families. We studied an unprecedented large cohort of POI to unravel its molecular pathophysiology.Methods 375 patients with 70 families were studied using targeted (88 genes) or whole exome sequencing with pathogenic/likely-pathogenic variant selection. Mitomycin-induced chromosome breakages were studied in patients' lymphocytes if necessary. Findings A high-yield of 29.3% supports a clinical genetic diagnosis of POI. In addition, we found strong evidence of pathogenicity for nine genes not previously related to a Mendelian phenotype or POI: ELAVL2, NLRP11, CENPE, SPATA33, CCDC150, CCDC185, including DNA repair genes: C17orf53(HROB), HELQ, SWI5 yielding high chromo-somal fragility. We confirmed the causal role of BRCA2, FANCM, BNC1, ERCC6, MSH4, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2, ESR2, CAV1, SPIDR, RCBTB1 and ATG7 previously reported in isolated patients/families. In 8.5% of cases, POI is the only symptom of a multi-organ genetic disease. New pathways were identified: NF-kB, post-translational regulation, and mitophagy (mitochondrial autophagy), providing future therapeutic targets. Three new genes have been shown to affect the age of natural menopause supporting a genetic link.Interpretation We have developed high-performance genetic diagnostic of POI, dissecting the molecular pathogene-sis of POI and enabling personalized medicine to i) prevent/cure comorbidities for tumour/cancer susceptibility genes that could affect life-expectancy (37.4% of cases), or for genetically-revealed syndromic POI (8.5% of cases), ii) predict residual ovarian reserve (60.5% of cases). Genetic diagnosis could help to identify patients who may benefit from the promising in vitro activation-IVA technique in the near future, greatly improving its success in treating infertility.Funding Universite? Paris Saclay, Agence Nationale de Biome?decine.Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Peer reviewe

Specificite des relations hotes parasites : le modele Cyprinidae-Diplozoon

CNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc

Un francés entre guanches. Sabino Berthelot y las islas Canarias

Por sus publicaciones pioneras sobre la historia natural de las islas Canarias y sus numerosas acciones a favor de la agricultura y el comercio isleño mientras dirigía el Viceconsulado de Francia en Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Sabino Berthelot (1794-1880) sigue siendo hoy en día un personaje emblemático en el Archipiélago canario. Basándose en una documentación de archivos -especialmente de archivos gubernamentales franceses-, en una correspondencia epistolar privada y en trabajos publicados, este libro retoma las grandes etapas de la vida de aquel marsellés, con el propósito de alcanzar un mejor conocimiento de su personalidad intelectual y de lo que representaban para él las islas Canarias en un contexto de expansión colonial de Francia en África. Al situarse el Archipiélago canario en una encrucijada de vías marítimas intercontinentales, se perfilan efectivamente, en el trasfondo del texto, las relaciones establecidas durante el siglo XIX entre dicho archipiélago, la Francia metropolitana y las posesiones de esta última en África y América

L’Acte du Bufadero : du témoignage enregistré aux îles Canaries… à la prise de possession de Tenerife

En juin 1464, en pleine conquête des Canaries (1402-1496), le Castillan Diego de Herrera, alors seigneur de quelques îles de cet archipel, débarqua avec ses hommes au port du Bufadero, dans l’île de Tenerife, afin d’y conclure, le 21 du même mois, des accords avec la population indigène. À cette occasion, il prit officiellement possession de l’île et se fit reconnaître comme seigneur par neuf chefs guanches, les natifs de cette île. Parmi les hommes qui l’accompagnaient se trouvait Hernando d..