Hormônio do crescimento e exercício físico

O exercício físico é um potente estímulo fisiológico para a secreção de GH, e tanto o exercício aeróbio quanto o exercício de força são capazes de aumentar a sua secreção. Entretanto, a idade, o sexo, o nível de aptidão física e o percentual de gordura são fatores que interferem na secreção de GH em resposta ao exercício. Existe uma relação linear entre intensidade do exercício aeróbio e magnitude de aumento do GH. Em relação ao exercício de força, é importante se controlar o tempo de intervalo entre as séries, a carga e a frequencia da sessão de treino para que ocorra aumento de GH. O eixo GH/IGF-1 exerce efeitos metabólicos a curto e a longo prazo que são importantes durante e após o exercício, como por exemplo a regulação do metabolismo de substratos, favorecendo a mobilização de ácidos graxos livres do tecido adiposo para a geração de energia, aumentando a oxidação da gordura e o gasto energético. O exercício regular também pode aumentar a taxa de secreção de GH durante 24h, contribuindo para as adaptações ao treinamento. Os efeitos da reposição de GH em pessoas que apresentam deficiência deste hormônio mostram diversos efeitos relacionados a melhora da composição corporal e capacidade física, porém nem sempre esses efeitos podem ser vistos em sujeitos saudáveis e muito menos traduzidos em performance física. Mesmo assim, o abuso de GH no meio esportivo profissional e por entusiastas da atividade física não é algo incomum. Sendo assim, esta revisão pretende mostrar: 1) as evidências sobre a influência do exercício físico aeróbio e de força, tanto agudo quanto crônico, na secreção de GH; 2) descrever os mecanismos que regulam a secreção fisiológica de GH e que podem influenciar na resposta da secreção do GH ao exercício; 3) abordar os efeitos do GH no metabolismo em repouso e durante o exercício e 4) entender os motivos que justificam seu uso e abuso por atletas e entusiastas da atividade física

Biopolitical issues in transmedia creation processes

A series of biopolitical issues surrounds contemporary creative processes. This article seeks to shed light on investigative paths related to the line of research “Creative processes in different media” through approximations with concepts such as power, biopower and biopolitics. This research approach involves concepts, methods and tactics of connection between theory and practice. We have chosen to consider the processes of production in various media and interfaces (Internet, public spaces, installations, video etc.) that interact in the creation of narratives, which, due to their convergence, can be situated in what Jenkins calls transmedia (2008). Our discussion starts from a review of biopolitics. In this scenario, contrasts with issues such as biopower, control, life, and resistance can reveal the instaurational power that permeates the creative processes. The studies are based on the concept of biopolitics proposed by Foucault and on the further developments by Hardt, Negri, Agamben, Lazzarato and Pelbart. Next, we present works that address these issues. The case studies will be discussed from a processual standpoint, networked and constantly changing, as presented by Salles (2006)

Differences In Estrogen And Progesterone Receptor Expression In Endometrial Polyps And Atrophic Endometrium Of Postmenopausal Women With And Without Exposure To Tamoxifen.

Postmenopausal women who use tamoxifen present with an increased incidence of endometrial alterations, such as polyps and hyperplasia, in addition to a higher risk of malignant endometrial neoplasms. Among these endometrial changes, polyps are the most common, with a pathogenesis associated with hormonal influence. The objective of this study was to compare the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) in endometrial polyps from tamoxifen users with that in endometrial polyps and the atrophic endometrium of postmenopausal tamoxifen non-users. Among women undergoing surgical hysteroscopy, 84 tamoxifen users with benign endometrial polyps were selected. This group was compared to 84 samples of atrophic endometrium and to 252 benign polyps from postmenopausal women who were not treated with tamoxifen. The expression of ER/PR was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis, according to the percentage of stained cells, intensity of nuclear staining and final score. The polyps from tamoxifen users exhibited a higher expression of ER and PR in the glandular epithelium and stroma compared to the atrophic endometrium (P<0.0001). Compared to the polyps from women not treated with tamoxifen, tamoxifen users exhibited a higher PR expression in the epithelium (P=0.0014) and stroma (P=0.0056), with no difference in the expression of ER. In conclusion, endometrial polyps frequently exhibit an increase in ER expression, regardless of tamoxifen use. High levels of PR expression appear to be consistent with the estrogen agonist effects of tamoxifen.11055-106

High Levels of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Trumpet Shell Charonia lampas from the Portuguese Coast

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin, considered an emerging toxin in Europe where recently a safety limit of 44 µg TTX kg-1 was recommended by authorities. In this study, three specimens of the large gastropod trumpet shell Charonia lampas bought in a market in south Portugal were analyzed using a neuroblastoma cell (N2a) based assay and by LC-MS/MS. N2a toxicity was observed in the viscera of two individuals analyzed and LC-MS/MS showed very high concentrations of TTX (42.1 mg kg-1) and 4,9-anhydroTTX (56.3 mg kg-1). A third compound with m/z 318 and structurally related with TTX was observed. In the edible portion, i.e., the muscle, toxin levels were below the EFSA recommended limit. This study shows that trumpet shell marine snails are seafood species that may reach the markets containing low TTX levels in the edible portion but containing very high levels of TTX in non-edible portion raising concerns regarding food safety if a proper evisceration is not carried out by consumers. These results highlight the need for better understanding TTX variability in this gastropod species, which is critical to developing a proper legal framework for resources management ensuring seafood safety, and the introduction of these gastropods in the markets.UID/Multi/04326/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comments on “the organization of pharmaceutical services by ‘health region’ in Brazil’s Unified Health System”

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de caracterizar os serviços farmacêuticos prestados no Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil sob a ótica das redes de atenção à saúde em regiões de saúde contempladas no Projeto QualiSUS-Rede. O estudo teve delineamento transversal, com coleta de dados de dezembro de 2013 a julho de 2015 em todos os estabelecimentos públicos de saúde que realizavam entrega/armazenamento de medicamentos (n = 4.938) de 465 municípios e Distrito Federal em 43 regiões de saúde. Os resultados mostram a existência de pelo menos um serviço gerencial de apoio à rede de saúde além do armazenamento de medicamentos em todas as regiões (> 90%). E de forma irregular entre as Regiões, há a oferta de pelo menos um serviço assistencial nos pontos de atenção pelos profissionais farmacêuticos, ocorrendo em maior proporção na Região Sudeste (74,3%) e menor na Nordeste (43,3%). Os resultados reforçam a necessidade da efetiva estruturação da assistência farmacêutica nas RAS superando uma visão restritiva das suas atividades, que valoriza quase que exclusivamente seu componente logístico de apoio a rede em detrimento da clínica. É igualmente importante ampliar e aprimorar o acesso da população aos medicamentos assim como e qualificar o cuidado em saúde ofertado aos usuários do sistema.This study aimed to describe and characterize the pharmaceutical services provided in Brazil’s Unified Health System (SUS) from the point of view of the healthcare networks that are organized by region in the QualiSUS-Rede Project. This was a cross-sectional study, with data collected from December 2013 to July 2015, in public health establishments that carried out delivery or warehousing of medications (n = 4,938), in 465 municipalites, and the Federal District, in 43‘Health Regions’. The results show the existence of at least one management service supporting the health network, and warehousing of medications in all the regions (> 90%). It also showed the availability of at least one healthcare service, in healthcare locations, by pharmaceutical professionals is irregular between the Regions, being highest in the Southeastern Region (74.3%), and lowest in the Northeastern Region (43.3%). The results underpine the need for effective structuring of pharmaceutical assistance in the SUS networks, overcoming the current restrictive vision of its activities, which gives value almost exclusively to the logistical component of support to the network, to the detriment of the clinical component. It is also important to expand, and improve the quality of, the population’s access to medical drugs, and improve the quality of the healthcare offered to users of the system

CARTOGRAFIA DE IMAGINÁRIOS COMO MÉTODO DE PESQUISA NOS ESTUDOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO

In the context of scientific research in the field of communication that adopts cartography as an investigative perspective, this article aims to contribute specifically with a reflection on the method of Cartography of Imaginaries (CI). CI can be understood as a system based on the articulation between studies of the Imaginary, in its relationship with Communication and Network Culture, and the applications of cartographic thinking in scientific research. The article is organized into three mo(vi)ments and perspectives that are suited to the object, in order to see it in complementary dimensions: it begins with an expanded focus on panoramic contextualization, presenting a survey of communication research that uses the concept and/or method of cartography. In the second movement, the gaze is adjusted to the particular details of studies that have developed the Cartography of Imaginaries, in a section established through curatorship. Finally, it lists, in a systematized way, the general premises and procedures that make up the Cartography of Imaginaries method applied to the field of communication.  No contexto das pesquisas científicas do campo da comunicação que adotam a cartografia como perspectiva investigativa, o presente artigo visa contribuir especificamente com uma reflexão acerca do método de Cartografia de Imaginários (CI). A CI pode ser compreendida como um sistema fundado na articulação entre estudos do Imaginário, em suas relações com a Comunicação e a Cultura das Redes, e as aplicações do pensamento cartográfico em pesquisas científicas. O artigo está organizado em três mo(vi)mentos e olhares que dialogam com os objetos de estudo, para enxergá-lo em dimensões complementares: inicia com o foco ampliado para a contextualização panorâmica, apresentando um levantamento sobre o uso ou menção ao conceito da cartografia em pesquisas da área da comunicação. No segundo mo(vi)mento, o olhar é ajustado para o detalhamento particular de estudos que desenvolveram a Cartografia de Imaginários, em um recorte estabelecido por meio de curadoria. Por fim, elenca, de forma sistematizada, as premissas e procedimentos gerais que compõem o método de Cartografia de Imaginários aplicado ao campo da comunicação

Monitoring Water Siltation Caused by Small-Scale Gold Mining in Amazonian Rivers Using Multi-Satellite Images

The small-scale mining techniques applied all over the Amazon river basin use water from streams, including digging and riverbed suctioning, rarely preventing environmental impacts or recovery of the impacted areas. As a consequence, thousands of tons of inorganic sediment (which can contain mercury) have been discharged directly into the rivers creating sediment plumes that travel hundreds of kilometers downstream with unknown consequences to the water quality and aquatic biota. We hypothesize that because of intensification of mining activities in the Brazilian Amazon, clear water rivers such as the Tapajós and Xingu rivers and its tributaries are becoming permanently turbid waters (so-called white waters in the Amazonian context). To investigate this hypothesis, satellite images have been used to monitor the sediment plume caused by gold mining in Amazonian rivers. Given the threat of intense water siltation of the Amazonian rivers combined with the technological capacity of detecting it from satellite images, the objective of this chapter is to inform the main activities carried out to develop a monitoring system for quantifying water siltation caused by small-scale gold mining (SSGM) in the Amazon rivers using multi-satellite data

A Poiesis da Democracia

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Meteorological and potential climatic influence on high cyanobacterial biomass within Patos Lagoon (southern Brazil): A case study of the summer of 2019–2020

Cyanobacterial blooms are a potential threat to human communities and ecosystems. Since the late 1980s, researchers have reported harmful cyanobacterial colonies in Patos Lagoon (PL), the largest coastal lagoon in South America. Most studies concerning harmful blooms in PL have focused on its biology and on its southernmost estuarine region, with little information about its displacement inside the lagoon and the influence of physical forces on its dynamics. This study uses satellite-derived information (normalized difference chlorophyll-a index&nbsp;– NDCI), river discharge data, and meteorological data (wind speed and direction, rainfall, and air temperature) to analyze two bloom episodes in PL, during the austral summer of 2019/2020, specifically in its larger, limnic portion. A 30-year meteorological time series was used to contrast the same summer period. Two remote sensing images from Sentinel-2 were taken of PL margins, near their central portion. The&nbsp;summer of 2019/2020 was drier when compared with the historical data, characterizing low river discharge. This&nbsp;environmental condition was coupled with high temperature, which implies thermal stratification in summer even at 2-m depth sites, which might have promoted cyanobacterial growth and accumulation inside PL. Moreover, weak winds (&lt;&lt;6 m s−1) seemed to accumulate cyanobacterial patches on the water surface, including after vertical mixing caused by strong winds (&gt;6 m s−1). The NDCI values represented the two days of blooms, with higher values occurring under higher water temperatures and low wind speeds

Imaginaries of power and media networks: dialogues between the Creative Time Summit and Brazil

No campo da pesquisa em comunicação, especificamente no âmbito dos estudos do imaginário, observamos o surgimento de discussões que problematizam temas como arte, iconoclasmo, imagem e poder. Neste cenário, o artigo tem como objetivo desenvolver um estudo transversal sobre os imaginários de poder nas redes midiáticas. Através de mapeamentos das imagens e discursos presentes nas redes do Creative Time Summit, o artigo propõe relações com projetos brasileiros, baseando-se no conceito de imaginário de Durand e adotando como metodologia de análise a cartografia dos processos de comunicação e compartilhamento do imaginário desenvolvida por Leão. Nosso argumento é que as guerras das imagens, a criação de imagens nas comunidades, a compreensão processual e a formulação de pactos que compreendem as relações entre natureza e cultura configuram eixos de análise nas redes midiáticas capazes de revelar as complexas tramas dos imaginários do poder de nossa época.In communication research field, specifically in the scope of the imagery studies, we observe the emergence of discussions that problematize issues such as art, iconoclasm, image and power. In this scenario, the article aims to develop a transverse study on the imaginaries of power in media networks. Through a mapping process of the images and discourses present in the Creative Time Summit networks, the article proposes relations with Brazilian projects. Based on Durand's concept of imagery, it adopts as a methodology of analysis the cartography of the communication processes and imaginary sharing developed by Leão. Our argument is that the wars of images, the image creation in the communities, the processual understanding and the formulation of pacts that comprise the relations between nature and culture configure axes of analysis in media networks capable of revealing the complex plots of the imaginaries of power of our time.In communication research field, specifically in the scope of the imagery studies, we observe the emergence of discussions that problematize issues such as art, iconoclasm, image and power. In this scenario, the article aims to develop a transverse study on the imaginaries of power in media networks. Through a mapping process of the images and discourses present in the Creative Time Summit networks, the article proposes relations with Brazilian projects. Based on Durand's concept of imagery, it adopts as a methodology of analysis the cartography of the communication processes and imaginary sharing developed by Leão. Our argument is that the wars of images, the image creation in the communities, the processual understanding and the formulation of pacts that comprise the relations between nature and culture configure axes of analysis in media networks capable of revealing the complex plots of the imaginaries of power of our time.In communication research field, specifically in the scope of the imagery studies, we observe the emergence of discussions that problematize issues such as art, iconoclasm, image and power. In this scenario, the article aims to develop a transverse study on the imaginaries of power in media networks. Through a mapping process of the images and discourses present in the Creative Time Summit networks, the article proposes relations with Brazilian projects. Based on Durand's concept of imagery, it adopts as a methodology of analysis the cartography of the communication processes and imaginary sharing developed by Leão. Our argument is that the wars of images, the image creation in the communities, the processual understanding and the formulation of pacts that comprise the relations between nature and culture configure axes of analysis in media networks capable of revealing the complex plots of the imaginaries of power of our time