2-(2,2-Dibromo­ethen­yl)thio­phene

The title compound, C6H4Br2S, represents a versatile building block for the preparation of π-conjugated redox-active thienyl oligomers and metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions. This is due to the presence of an electrochemically active thienyl heterocycle and a reactive dibromo­vinyl substituent, which easily undergoes dehydro­bromination in the presence of n-butyl­lithium to afford 2-ethynyl­thio­phene. In the molecule, the alkenyl unit and the thio­phene ring are almost coplanar with an angle of 3.5 (2)° between the normals of the best planes of the thio­phene ring and the vinyl moiety

The Geographical Deconcentration of Scientific Activity (1987-2007)

Texte intégral à l'adresse : http://sticonference.org/Proceedings/vol1/Grossetti_Geographical_348.pdfTraditional research on "world cities" tends to develop the idea that large, inter-connected agglomerations can better take advantage of international competition. This suggests that we should observe an increasing concentration of activities in these cities at the expense of smaller ones. Among analyses using measures based on scientific publications, certain studies support this hypothesis. Others however, show that in certain countries such as China, an opposite trend is emerging; the largest cities are undergoing a relative decline in the country's scientific activities. To go beyond this seeming contradiction, this paper provides a global analysis of all countries having papers in Thomson Reuters 'Web of Science' over the period 1987-2007. The addresses -present in each article- were geo-coded and then grouped into agglomerations. The result of our analysis is unambiguous: deconcentration is clearly the dominant trend -both: globally and within countries-, despite some rare exceptions for which explanations are suggested

Cities and the geografical deconcentration of scientific activity : A multilevel analysis of publications (1987-2007)

International audienceMost current scientific policies incorporate debates on cities and the geographic organisation of scientific activity. Research on 'world cities' develops the idea that interconnected agglomerations can better take advantage of international competition. Thus, the increasing concentration of activities in these cities at the expense of others could be observed by certain scholars using measures based on scientific publications. Others, however, show that an opposite trend is emerging: the largest cities are undergoing a relative decline in a country's scientific activities. To go beyond this seeming contradiction, this paper provides a global analysis of all countries with papers in the Web of Science over the period 1987-2007. The author's addresses were geocoded and grouped into agglomerations. Registering of papers was based on the fractional counting of multi-authored publications, and the results are unambiguous: deconcentration is the dominant trend both globally and within countries, with some exceptions for which explanations are suggestedBeijing (Pékin), Tokyo, Paris, New York, Séoul, Londres... les grands foyers de la science pèsent moins que par le passé du fait d'une déconcentration géographique au niveau mondial. Tel est le résultat de l'analyse statistique systématique menée par des scientifiques du Laboratoire interdisciplinaire solidarités, sociétés, territoires (CNRS/Université de Toulouse II-Le Mirail/EHESS) sur des millions d'articles de publications scientifiques, édités entre 1987 et 2007 dans des milliers de revues scientifiques recensées par le Web of Science. Ces travaux sont les premiers à s'intéresser à la géographie de la science au niveau de l'ensemble des villes mondiales

Impact of aging : sporadic, and genetic risk factors on vulnerability to apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease

The identification of specific genetic (presenilin-1 [PS1] and amyloid precursor protein [APP] mutations) and environmental factors responsible for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has revealed evidence for a shared pathway of neuronal death. Moreover, AD-specific cell defects may be observed in many other nonneuronal cells (e.g., lymphocytes). Thus, lymphocytes may serve as a cellular system in which to study risk factors of sporadic, as well as genetic AD in vivo. The aim of our present study was to clarify whether lymphocytes bearing genetic or sporadic risk factors of AD share an increased susceptibility to cell death. Additionally we examined whether a cell typespecific vulnerability pattern was present and how normal aging, the main risk factor of sporadic AD, contributes to changes in susceptibility to cell death. Here, we report that lymphocytes affected by sporadic or genetic APP and PS1 AD risk factors share an increased vulnerability to cell death and exhibit a similar cell type-specific pattern, given that enhanced vulnerability was most strongly developed in the CD4+ T-cell subtype. In this paradigm, sporadic risk factors revealed the highest impact on cell type-specific sensitivity of CD4+ T cells to apoptosis. In contrast, normal aging results in an increased susceptibility to apoptosis of both, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in adults: Results from an international survey.

Background:There are gaps in our knowledge of the prevalence of adult atopicdermatitis (AD).Objective:To estimate the prevalence of AD in adults and by disease severity.Methods:This international, cross-sectional, web-based survey was performed inthe United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, andJapan. Adult members of online respondent panels were sent a questionnaire forAD identification and severity assessment; demographic quotas ensured populationrepresentativeness for each country. A diagnosis of AD required subjects to be posi-tive on the modified UK Working Party/ISAAC criteriaandself-report of ever hav-ing an AD diagnosis by a physician. The proportion of subjects with AD whoreported being treated for their condition was determined and also used to estimateprevalence. Severity scales were Patient-Oriented SCORAD, Patient-OrientatedEczema Measure, and Patient Global Assessment.Results:Among participants by region, the point prevalence of adult AD in the over-all/treated populations was 4.9%/3.9% in the US, 3.5%/2.6% in Canada, 4.4%/3.5% inthe EU, and 2.1%/1.5% in Japan. The prevalence was generally lower for males vsfemales, and decreased with age. Regional variability was observed within countries.Severity varied by scale and region; however, regardless of the scale or region, propor-tion of subjects reporting severe disease was lower than mild or moderate disease.Conclusions:Prevalence of adult AD ranged from 2.1% to 4.9% across countries.Severe AD represented a small proportion of the overall AD population regardlessof measure or region

Dupilumab improves symptoms, quality of life, and productivity in uncontrolled persistent asthma

BACKGROUND: In a pivotal, phase 2b study (NCT01854047) in patients with uncontrolled persistent asthma, despite using medium-to-high-dose inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting β2 agonists, dupilumab improved lung function, reduced severe exacerbations, and showed an acceptable safety profile. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of dupilumab on asthma control, symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and productivity. METHODS: Data are shown for the intention-to-treat population receiving dupilumab 200/300 mg every 2 weeks (doses being assessed in phase 3; NCT02414854), or placebo. Predefined analyses of total scores were conducted at week 24 for the 5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5), patient-reported morning/evening (AM/PM) asthma symptoms, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), and asthma-related productivity loss. Responder rate analyses for these measures, subgroup analyses by baseline characteristics, and asthma-related productivity loss analyses were conducted post hoc. RESULTS: Data from 465 patients were analyzed (158 placebo; 307 dupilumab). Both dupilumab doses significantly improved scores through week 24 (all outcomes, overall population). The proportion of patients meeting or exceeding the minimal clinically important difference for the overall population were significantly greater vs placebo (P \u3c .05) for ACQ-5 (range, 72.6%-76.7% vs 61.4%), for AM/PM asthma symptoms score (48.7%-54.1% vs 34.2% and 52.7%-53.5% vs 34.2%, respectively) and for AQLQ (64.0%-65.0% vs 51.3%). The effect of dupilumab was consistent across most subgroups. Productivity loss was significantly higher in placebo- vs dupilumab-treated patients (P \u3c .0001). CONCLUSION: Dupilumab produced significant, clinically meaningful improvements in asthma control, symptoms, QoL, and productivity. REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01854047

La solitude du dialogique chez l’enfant autiste : du dialogue solitaire au dialogue interactif.

Chez les enfants autistes, aux interactions communicationnelles précaires, les registres du dialogal comme du dialogique se trouvent gravement affectés. Toutefois, loin d’être entièrement fermés à l’échange, ces enfants peuvent manifester une appétence à la communication et au dialogue dans deux situations particulières : la communication imaginaire et la communication tangentielle (perméabilité à un dialogue qui se déroule devant eux sans leur être destiné).Among autistic children, interactions are scarce and difficult, both in dialogal and dialogic respects. However they seem to train themselves to communication when they are alone either mimicking communication with imaginary interlocutors or taking from an exchange that is not directly adressed to them

Dupilumab shows long-term safety and efficacy in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis enrolled in a phase 3 open-label extension study

BACKGROUND: Significant unmet need exists for long-term treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term safety and efficacy of dupilumab in patients with AD. METHODS: This ongoing, multicenter, open-label extension study (NCT01949311) evaluated long-term dupilumab treatment in adults who had previously participated in phase 1 through 3 clinical trials of dupilumab for AD. This analysis examined patients given 300 mg dupilumab weekly for up to 76 weeks at data cutoff (April 2016). Safety was the primary outcome; efficacy was also evaluated. RESULTS: Of 1491 enrolled patients (1042.9 patient-years), 92.9% were receiving treatment at cutoff. The safety profile was consistent with previously reported trials (420.4 adverse events/100 patient-years and 8.5 serious adverse events/100 patient-years), with no new safety signals; common adverse events included nasopharyngitis, conjunctivitis, and injection-site reactions. Sustained improvement was seen up to 76 weeks in all efficacy outcomes, including measures of skin inflammation, pruritus, and quality of life. LIMITATIONS: Lack of control arm, limited number of patients with 76 weeks or longer of treatment (median follow-up, 24 weeks), and patients not receiving the approved dose regimen of 300 mg every 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: The safety and efficacy profile from this study supports the role of dupilumab as continuous long-term treatment for patients with moderate to severe AD

Measurement of inclusive D*+- and associated dijet cross sections in photoproduction at HERA

Inclusive photoproduction of D*+- mesons has been measured for photon-proton centre-of-mass energies in the range 130 < W < 280 GeV and a photon virtuality Q^2 < 1 GeV^2. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 37 pb^-1. Total and differential cross sections as functions of the D* transverse momentum and pseudorapidity are presented in restricted kinematical regions and the data are compared with next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD calculations using the "massive charm" and "massless charm" schemes. The measured cross sections are generally above the NLO calculations, in particular in the forward (proton) direction. The large data sample also allows the study of dijet production associated with charm. A significant resolved as well as a direct photon component contribute to the cross section. Leading order QCD Monte Carlo calculations indicate that the resolved contribution arises from a significant charm component in the photon. A massive charm NLO parton level calculation yields lower cross sections compared to the measured results in a kinematic region where the resolved photon contribution is significant.Comment: 32 pages including 6 figure

Angular and Current-Target Correlations in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA

Correlations between charged particles in deep inelastic ep scattering have been studied in the Breit frame with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 6.4 pb-1. Short-range correlations are analysed in terms of the angular separation between current-region particles within a cone centred around the virtual photon axis. Long-range correlations between the current and target regions have also been measured. The data support predictions for the scaling behaviour of the angular correlations at high Q2 and for anti-correlations between the current and target regions over a large range in Q2 and in the Bjorken scaling variable x. Analytic QCD calculations and Monte Carlo models correctly describe the trends of the data at high Q2, but show quantitative discrepancies. The data show differences between the correlations in deep inelastic scattering and e+e- annihilation.Comment: 26 pages including 10 figures (submitted to Eur. J. Phys. C