Diagnóstico de sobrepeso y obesidad relacionado con la actividad física en mujeres jóvenes

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias del ejercicio con especialidad en deporte de alto rendimiento) U.A.N.L. Facultad de Organización Deportiva, 2007UANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

La incorporación del aprendizaje-servicio en la universidad: la experiencia de la Universidad de Barcelona

This article offers an account of how service-learning was introduced and rolled out at the University of Barcelona, focusing on two interlinked aspects. The first one is the work carried out at university level under the helm of the Service-Learning Group(UB), which is made up of academics from the various faculties who work towards promoting service-learning and granting it institutional recognition. The second aspect is the work carried out within each faculty, through different models, which seek to implement service-learning across all areas and disciplines. Work at both levels views service-learning as a cross-cutting proposal to achieve the university’s main missions —teaching, research and transference— whilst adopting a social responsibility perspective. Acknowledging that service-learning is not the only possible strategy, the review offered in our paper does provide criteria and actions that justify the expansion service-learning at university level.Este artículo presenta el proceso de introducción y extensión del aprendizaje-servicio en la Universidad de Barcelona fundamentado en dos ejes que se complementan entre sí. Primero, el trabajo a nivel de universidad, coordinado por el Grupo ApS(UB) que está formado por profesorado de diferentes facultades que trabaja para su promoción y reconocimiento institucional. Y en segundo lugar, la tarea que se realiza en el seno de cada facultad, a través de diferentes modelos, con la voluntad de implementar el aprendizaje-servicio en las diferentes áreas y disciplinas. Desde ambas líneas de acción se entiende el aprendizaje-servicio como una propuesta transversal a las diferentes misiones de la universidad: docencia, investigación y transferencia, desde una perspectiva de responsabilidad social. Sin tratarse de la única estrategia posible, la revisión de este proceso aporta criterios y actuaciones para la extensión del aprendizaje-servicio en la universidad

Prevalence of Intoxicating Substance Use Before or During Sex Among Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Drug use before or during sex is a high-risk sexual behavior associated with adverse health risks and outcomes, such as increasing the likelihood of overdoses and of acquiring sexually-transmitted diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis of three scientific databases examined the prevalence of the use of intoxicating substances, those tending to excite or stupefy the user on a psychoactive level, before or during sex, among young adults (18–29 years old). A total of 55 unique empirical studies met the inclusion criteria (48,145 individuals; 39% males), were assessed for risk of bias using the tools of Hoy et al. (2012), and were analyzed via a generalized linear mixed-effects model. The results produced a global mean prevalence of this sexual risk behavior of 36.98% (95% CI: 28.28%, 46.63%). Nonetheless, significant differences were identified between different intoxicating substances, with the use of alcohol (35.10%; 95% CI: 27.68%, 43.31%), marijuana (27.80%; 95% CI: 18.24%, 39.92%), and ecstasy (20.90%; 95% CI: 14.34%, 29.45%) significantly more prevalent than that of cocaine (4.32%; 95% CI: 3.64%, 5.11%), heroin (.67%; 95% CI:.09%, 4.65%), methamphetamine (7.10%; 95% CI: 4.57%, 10.88%), and GHB (6.55%; 95% CI: 4.21%, 10.05%). Moderator analyses showed that the prevalence of alcohol use before or during sex differed according to geographical sample origin, and increased as the proportion of ethnic whites in samples increased. The remaining demographic (e.g., gender, age, reference population), sexual (e.g., sexual orientation, sexual activity), health (e.g., drug consumption, STI/STD status), methodological (e.g., sampling technique), and measurement (e.g., timeframe) variables that were examined did not moderate prevalence estimates. Implications for sexual development interventions were discussed

Using a Fork as a Hairbrush: Investigating Dual Routes to Release from Functional Fixedness

Functional fixedness involves difficulty with conceptualizing creative object uses. When it obstructs problem solving, individuals must reframe their approach. We examined how different training techniques – chunk decomposition (i.e., considering an object’s basic parts and physical properties) and constraint relaxation (i.e., considering an object’s different functions) – might rely upon different routes to creative reframing. Additionally, we investigated how different forms of cognitive load interact with these dual routes. Participants learned one of three techniques. Chunk decomposition participants created object breakdown diagrams; constraint relaxation participants created object functions lists; and, free association (control) participants wrote a word that they associated with each of several concrete nouns. After training, participants attempted to solve five functional fixedness problems. E1 investigated how increasing germane cognitive load via either direct or indirect prompting affected training transfer. Experiment 2 investigated how reducing extraneous cognitive load by providing no transfer instructions and using an eye-closure strategy. Across both experiments, results supported differences in accuracy and response latency by training. However, chunk decomposition and constraint relaxation did not follow the same pattern, suggesting different mechanisms of the effect. We discuss possible applications to increase innovation in real-world domains such as education, business, and engineering

Diagnostic criteria in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: evaluation

Objectives: to evaluate the ability of the diagnostic criteria proposed by Cerero et al in 2010 to perform an early diagnose in patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Study Design: retrospective study with patients diagnosed with leukoplakia at Oral Medicine Service at Oral Medicine and Surgery Department at Dentistry Faculty at Universidad Complutense of Madrid. Results: the criteria were applied in 116 patients, turning positive in 40 cases. Out of these, 24 (60%) had been previously diagnosed with PVL. Most frequent criteria were major criteria A and E, concerning lesion's site and histopathology, and minor criteria b and c, concerning sex and smoking habit. Conclusions: diagnostic criteria developed by Cerero et al can be a useful tool for an early diagnose of PVL, as in 60% of the cases, the criteria would have allowed to make an early diagnose of the disease

Rituximab therapy for chonic and refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a long-term follow-up analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term response to rituximab in patients with chronic and refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Adults with ITP fail to respond to conventional therapies in almost 30% of cases, developing a refractory disease. Rituximab has been successfully used in these patients. We used rituximab at 375 mg/m2, IV, weekly for a total of four doses in 18 adult patients. Complete remission (CR) was considered if the platelet count was >100 × 109/l, partial remission (PR) if platelets were >50 × 109/l, minimal response (MR) if the platelet count was >30 × 109/l and <50 × 109/l, and no response if platelet count remained unchanged. Response was classified as sustained (SR) when it was stable for a minimum of 6 months. Median age was 43.5 years (range, 17 to 70). Median platelet count at baseline was 12.5 × 109/l (range, 3.0 to 26.3). CR was achieved in five patients (28%), PR in five (28%), MR in four (22%), and two patients were classified as therapeutic failures (11%). Two additional patients were lost to follow-up. The median time between rituximab therapy and response was 14 weeks (range, 4 to 32). SR was achieved in 12 patients (67%). There were no severe adverse events during rituximab therapy. During follow-up (median, 26 months; range, 12 to 59), no other immunosuppressive drugs were used. In conclusion, rituximab therapy is effective and safe in adult patients with chronic and refractory ITP. Overall response rate achieved is high, long term, and with no risk of adverse events

Managerial and leadership effectiveness as perceived by managers and non-managerial employees in Mexico

Using the critical incident (CI) technique, concrete examples of effective and ineffective managerial behaviour (CIs) were collected from managers and non-managerial employees within private and public sector organizations situated in the north and southeast regions of Mexico. The CIs were content analysed using open, axial and selective coding to identify a smaller number of thematic categories. A total of 38 ‘manager’ and 35 ‘non-managerial employee’ behavioural categories were identified respectively, of which 82.19% (n = 60) were found to be either convergent or polar opposite in meaning. The findings suggest that what behaviourally differentiates effective managers from ineffective managers is perceived, described and defined by Mexican managers and non-managerial employees in much the same way. The study provides new insights on the issue of perceived managerial and leadership effectiveness in Mexico and is a rare example of indigenous managerial behaviour research in a non-Anglo country

Asociación entre calidad de vida laboral y estilo de vida en personal de enfermería

The uniqueness and context of work in health professionals makes them more vulnerable to unsatisfactorily perceiving their quality of working life, affecting their performance and productivity, disrupting the personal sphere; Therefore, the present study was carried out with the objective of identifying the association between quality of professional life and lifestyle in nursing personnel, through a correlational, comparative cross-sectional study in 111 nurses working in a hospital. public of Zacatecas, Mexico. The Professional Quality of Life questionnaires (CPV-35) and the Practices and Beliefs on Lifestyles instrument were applied. On a scale from 0 to 100, the lifestyle obtained an average of 58.64 points (SD = 14.31) and the quality of professional life 62.38 (SD = 10.87), with a positive and significant association between both variables (r = .320, p=.01). Younger people, with less job seniority and less schooling, were the ones who presented less healthy lifestyles. It is necessary to implement strategies to improve the work and personal environment of these professionals, who, being the main promoters of health, should lead by example.La singularidad y contexto del trabajo en profesionales del área de la salud, los hace más vulnerables a percibir de manera no satisfactoria su calidad de vida laboral afectando su desempeño y productividad, trastocando el ámbito personal; por lo que el presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de identificar la asociación entre calidad de vida profesional y estilo de vida en personal de enfermería, a través de un estudio correlacional, comparativo de corte transversal en 111 enfermeros(as) trabajadores de un hospital público de Zacatecas, México. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios de Calidad de Vida Profesional (CPV-35) y el instrumento de Prácticas y Creencias sobre Estilos de Vida. En una escala del 0 al 100, el estilo de vida obtuvo una media de 58.64 puntos (DE = 14.31) y la calidad de vida profesional de 62.38 (DE = 10.87), con asociación positiva y significativa entre ambas variables (r = .320, p=.01). Las personas de menor edad, con menor antigüedad laboral y escolaridad más baja, fueron quienes presentaron estilos de vida menos saludables. Es necesario implementar estrategias para mejorar el ambiente laboral y personal de estos profesionistas, quienes al ser los principales promotores de la salud, debieran predicar con el ejemplo

Ca2+-modulated photoactivatable imaging reveals neuron-astrocyte glutamatergic circuitries within the nucleus accumbens

Astrocytes are key elements of brain circuits that are involved in different aspects of the neuronal physiology relevant to brain functions. Although much effort is being made to understand how the biology of astrocytes affects brain circuits, astrocytic network heterogeneity and plasticity is still poorly defined. Here, we have combined structural and functional imaging of astrocyte activity recorded in mice using the Ca2+-modulated photoactivatable ratiometric integrator and specific optostimulation of glutamatergic pathways to map the functional neuron-astrocyte circuitries in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). We showed pathway-specific astrocytic responses induced by selective optostimulation of main inputs from the prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, and ventral hippocampus. Furthermore, co-stimulation of glutamatergic pathways induced non-linear Ca2+-signaling integration, revealing integrative properties of NAc astrocytes. All these results demonstrate the existence of specific neuron-astrocyte circuits in the NAc, providing an insight to the understanding of how the NAc integrates information