Vector diseases treatment based on intermediate complexion using textile substrates

The most efficient insect repellents are DEET (N, N-diethhyl-meta-toluamide) from synthetic origin and citronella essential oil from natural origin. However, there are other products that can also be used as insect repellents from synthetic origin, such as: DEPA (N, N-Diethyl Phenylacetamide), Icaridin, IR3535 and Permethrin and, of natural origin: Carapa guianesis, Atemisia vulgaris, Ocimim., basilicum, Cinnamomum camphora, Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus sp, Cymbopogon, Mentha pulegium. All those products are the basis of most commercial repellents; however the action of these repellents is of short duration, due to the volatility of the chemical compounds of these products and, therefore they offer an uncontrolled release. The authors have shown that there would be an alternative to control their release based on the complexation of the active principle (the repellent oil). Thus, the repellent will have its prolonged effect and will protect the user longer. The active principle can be used in repellent products, applied to the skin via spray or can be used on textiles. According to Lis Arias et al. when used in textiles, these products become biofunctional, enabling the delivery of assets for cosmetotextiles applications. Due to its specific response, biofunctional textiles are especially useful when the textile comes into close contact with the skin. Thus, these products can be used as insect repellents, reducing the number of infections caused by these vectorsPostprint (published version

The violence behind the stigma: Lessons from a Mexican border city

Ciudad Juarez, the birthplace of the maquiladora industry in the mid-1960s, won the international newspapers’ headlines since the 1990s as a spot of endemic violence in the northern Mexican border region. The territorial stigmatization of Juarez became even stronger after the unprecedented upsurge of criminality from 2008 to 2010, when it was considered twice the world’s most violent city. This violent context is often considered the result of cartels disputes and hence of the narcos (drug traffickers), responsible for degrading the city. The neoliberal politics of representation of the "undesirables", i.e. drug dealers, sex workers, and other vulnerable groups who could be easily identified as illegitimate dwellers of a "renewed" zone, is the symbolic mainstay both of the zero-tolerance policing (ZTP) and the attempts of gentrification that have taken place in Juarez since 2011. These two urban policies are claimed by the official discourse as the main reasons for the recovering from the seemly unending cycle of violence that Juarez faced until 2010. Nevertheless, the narrative of "rescuing" the city image from the domain of narco-violence, vocalized by decision-makers and hegemonic journalism, contradictorily mobilizes different levels of violence (structural, political, symbolic, and everyday violence) in its formulation. This paper analyses how the interactions between four expressions of violence in the zero-tolerance policing and gentrification policies have violently produced a new space in Ciudad Juarez since 2011

Scaffolds tridimensionais de P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTio3 produzidos por near-field electrospinning

Functional three-dimensional structures, or scaffolds, are of great interest in the area of tissue engineering associated with regenerative medicine, as they allow the mimicry of biological structures. The electrospinning technique, considered a simplified and low-cost process, presents versatility in producing structures with high porosity and surface area, which allows interaction between cell materials at the molecular level. Scaffolds synthesized from piezoelectric materials, when subjected to electrical and/or mechanical forces, can stimulate cell growth and differentiation in specific tissues such as bones. Recent studies have indicated that the copolymer polyvinyl fluoride trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) associated with ceramic Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) has biological properties that are inspired by electronic characteristics owing to their high piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric responses. Thus, this work studies functional scaffolds with suitable characteristics for use in the area of tissue regeneration, from the development of an equipment that associates the direct-write near-field electrospinning (NFES) technique with the three-dimensional printing technique. The prototype allows the development of three-dimensional structures from fibers with suitable properties that mimic an electrophysiological environment, providing the formation/regeneration of biological tissue. The structural, physicochemical, and electrical characterizations of the material were carried out at the Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI) - Itajubá, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface wettability, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solution viscosity, X-ray diffraction (XRD), impedance, and surface potential of the scaffolds. Biological characterization of the material was performed using in vitro studies to evaluate the proliferation, collagen, and cell behavior of the scaffold. For this, we used osteoblast-like MG-63 cells seeded on NFES and CES scaffolds. This work was conducted jointly with the AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland. Together with Biological Tests, the piezoresponse of the fibers was analyzed. The microstructure results showed the fibers diameter of 341 nm and 2,69 μm for CES and NFES scaffolds, respectively. The wettability assay demonstrated that the surface was hydrophobic, with contact angle of 115,6° for the CES scaffold and 100,6° for the NFES scaffold. Regarding physicochemical tests, the thermal stability of both materials was up to 440 °C, and the crystallinity of the CES scaffold corresponds to 79,63 % with a β phase content of 78,23. In contrast, the crystallinity of the NFES scaffold corresponds to 65,10% and presents 78,03% of β phase content. The XRD and FTIR analyses indicated that the absorption peaks and diffraction peaks of the membrane and scaffold characterized both materials as piezoelectric owing to the strong presence of the β phase, independent of the technique used to obtain the scaffolds. PFM analysis of both scaffolds showed fibers with piezoresponse properties superior to the bone tissue (NFES piezoresponse potential = 4.873 ± 0.637 mV; CES piezoresponse potential = 2.728 ± 0.411 mV; bone piezoresponse potential = ≈ 300 μV). These findings imply that the both scaffolds could mimic an electrophysiological environment that allows cell growth and proliferation. Biological findings showed good compatibility with cells and both scaffolds, and we noted that the proliferation and cell alignment follow the fiber pattern for NFES scaffolds.Estruturas tridimensionais funcionais, ou scaffolds, são de grande interesse na área de engenharia de tecidos associada à medicina regenerativa por permitirem a mimetização de estruturas biológicas. Por outro lado, biomateriais piezoelétricos quando submetidos às forças elétricas e/ou mecânicas, possuem a capacidade de estimular o crescimento e a diferenciação celular em tecidos específicos, como o tecido ósseo por exemplo. Estudos recentes indicam que o copolímero polifluoreto de vinilideno trifluoretileno (PVDF-TrFE) associado à cerâmica Titanato de Bário (BaTiO3) possuem propriedades biológicas atrativas em função das suas características eletroativas como resposta piezo, piro e ferroelétrica. Deste modo, compósitos P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO3 aliem propriedades eletroativa com a estrutura porosa de um scaffold podem representar promissores materiais para regeneração tecidual óssea. Neste trabalho, os scaffolds foram feitos empregando uma máquina experimental desenvolvida durante o doutorado, na qual, associa a técnica de eletrofiação por campo próximo (NFES) com a técnica impressão tridimensional. Esse protótipo permite que estruturas tridimensionais sejam sintetizadas a partir da formação de fibras com propriedades adequadas que mimetizem um ambiente eletrofisiológico, proporcionando assim a formação/restauração de um novo tecido biológico. As caracterizações estruturais e físico-químicas do material desenvolvido compreendem a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), molhabilidade da superfície, análise termogravimétrica (TGA), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), espectroscopia por infravermelho (FTIR) e difração de Raio – X (DRX). A caracterização biológica do material foi realizada a partir de estudos in vitro com o intuito de avaliar a proliferação, adesão e crescimento de osteoblastos (MG-63) nos scaffolds obtidos por Eletrofiação Convencional (CES) e Eletrofiação 3D (NFES). Além dos ensaios biológicos, também foi realizado o estudo da piezoresposta de cada scaffold, utilizando a técnica de PFM. Foi constatado que através da técnica de impressão 3D associada à técnica de eletrofiação NFES é possível produzir scaffolds com fibras alinhadas e padronizadas, podendo mimetizar a matriz extracelular do tecido ósseo. Os resultados obtidos referentes aos ensaios microestruturais indicam que o diâmetro das fibras produzidas são de aproximadamente 341 nm e 2,69 μm para o CES e NFES scaffold, respectivamente. O ensaio de molhabilidade superficial demonstrou que a princípio os ângulos de contato mostram uma superfície hidrofóbica, com θ = 115,6 para o CES scaffold e θ = 100,6 para o NFES scaffold. Em relação aos ensaios físico-químcos, a degradação térmica do compósito ocorre a partir de 440 °C. O CES scaffold apresentou sua cristalinidade em torno de 15 60,50% e a porcentagem da fase β em 78,23%. Já a cristalinidade do NFES scaffold foi calculada em torno de 65,10%, apresentando a fase β correspondente a 78,06%. Pela análise de FTIR e DRX foi observado que para a membrana e scaffold tanto as bandas de absorção como os picos de difração caracterizam o material na fase piezoelétrica β. Ainda, esses resultados demonstram que esses parâmetros foram mantidos independente da técnica escolhida para a síntese do scaffold. A análise de PFM em ambos scaffolds mostram fibras com propriedades piezoelétricas superior ao do tecido ósseo (potencial de piezoresposta NFES = 4,873 ± 0,637 mV; potencial de piezoresposta CES = 2,728 ± 0,411 mV; potencial piezoresposta óssea = ≈ 300 μV), podendo assim mimetizar um ambiente eletrofisiológico que permita o crescimento e proliferação celular. Os ensaios biológicos mostram boa compatibilidade do material com osteoblastos tendo seu crescimento e proliferação guiados pelas fibras nos padrões de deposição nos scaffolds obtidos por Eletrofiação 3D

Efeitos do destreinamento e da interrupção do uso de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos sobre as propriedades morfológicas do tendão calcâneo de ratos

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologia em Saúde, 2016.Introdução: A combinação dos esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) com o exercício pode induzir alterações patológicas em tendões, porém pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos do destreinamento e da interrupção da administração dos EAA sobre os tendões. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do destreinamento e da interrupção do uso de decanoato de nandrolona sobre as propriedades morfológicas do tendão calcâneo (TC) de ratos, imediatamente e 6 semanas após a administração. Material e métodos: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais (n = 10/grupo): sedentário (S), treinados (T), tratados com EAA (Deca-Durabolin 5 mg/kg de peso corporal, duas vezes por semana) (EAA) e animais tratados com EAA e treinados (EAAT). O protocolo de treinamento consistiu em 1 semana de adaptação (2-4 series, 5-10 saltos, 30s de descanso e 50% de sobrecarga) e 7 de treinamento (4 series de 10 saltos, 30s de descanso e um aumento na sobrecarga de 5%/semana chegando a 80%). Resultados: Os principais achados sugerem que o treinamento aumentou a vascularização e celularidade da camada peritendínea (Pe). O uso de EAA aumentou a Vv% de células do tendão propriamente dito (TPD) e redução na Vv% de células adiposas e comparado ao grupo T também mostrou uma redução na vascularização e celularidade da camada externa. O grupo EAAT mostrou uma redução na adiposidade, comparado ao T, além de redução na vascularização e celularidade da camada Pe. O grupo destreinado (T) não apresentou alterações. O grupo em que foi interrompida a administração de (EAA) mostrou um aumento na adiposidade e redução na celularidade das camadas interna e externa. O grupo interrupção associado ao destreinamento (EAAT) mostrou uma redução na adiposidade comparado ao EAA, redução na vascularização e celularidade da camada Pe, comparados ao grupo T e redução de células do TPD. A análise temporal mostrou que o destreinamento foi representado por um aumento na adiposidade e células internas, além de redução na vascularização. A interrupção da administração de EAA foi representado por aumento na adiposidade e de células da camada Pe, além de redução na celularidade do TPD. A associação da interrupção da administração com o destreinamento mostrou um aumento em todas as variáveis na região distal e redução na celularidade do TPD, na região proximal. Conclusão: Os beneficios do treinamento permanecem mesmo após 6 semanas de destreino, porém isso só é observado quando ocorre a interrupção da administração de EAA.Introduction: The combination of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) with exercise can induce pathological changes in tendons, but little is known about the effects of detraining and discontinuation of the EAA on the tendons. Objective: To analyze the effects of detraining and discontinuing the use of nandrolone decanoate on the morphological properties of the Achilles tendon (CT) mice immediately and 6 weeks after administration. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 10 / group): sedentary (S) trained (T), treated with AAS (Deca-Durabolin 5 mg / kg of body weight twice per week) (EAA) and animals treated with AAS and trained (EAAT). The training protocol consisted of one week of adaptation (2-4 series, 5-10 jumps, 30s rest and 50% overload) and 7 training (4 series of 10 jumps, 30 seconds of rest and an increase in overhead 5% / week reaching 80%). Results: The main findings suggest that training increased vascularization and cellularity Peritendinous layer (Pe). The use of EAA increased Vv% tendon cell itself (TPD) and Vv% reduction in fat cells and compared to the T group also showed a decrease in cellularity and vascularity of the outer layer. The EAAT group showed a decrease in adiposity, compared to T, and reduction in vascularization and cellularity Fr layer. The untrained group (T) had no change. The group that was interrupted administration of (EAA) showed an increase in adiposity and reduced cellularity of the inner and outer layers. The interruption group associated with detraining (EAAT) showed a reduction in adiposity compared to the EAA, reduced vascularization and cellularity Pe layer, compared to the T group and reducing TPD cells. The temporal analysis showed that the detraining was represented by an increase in adiposity and internal cells, and decrease in vascularization. Discontinuation of EAA administration was represented by an increase in adiposity and Pe layer of cells, and reduced cellularity of TPD. The administration of termination of association with detraining showed an increase in all variables in the distal region and reduced cellularity of the TPD in the proximal region. Conclusion: The training benefits remain even after 6 weeks of detraining, but this is only observed when the interruption occurs EAA administration

Teacher education and the teachers’ competencies:a view from primary school pre-service teachers’ perceptions

Abstract. Scholars understand competencies as a mixture of abilities, knowledge, skills, and behaviors. Equally, it can be understood as a measure of one’s performance. Thus, varied catalogs of teachers’ competencies are discussed in the academical set. However, Ding (2016), categorized eight key competencies for the primary teacher. They are: Pedagogical competencies; Curriculum Knowledge; Assessment; Classroom Management; Culture and Cross-Culture competencies; Ethical and Professional Values; Social, Emotional and Communication; and Life-long Learning competencies. This set of competencies was chosen as the base of data collection and helped to categorize the data in the data analysis procedure. The aim was to explore the teachers’ competencies in Primary Teacher Education based on the pre-service teachers’ perceptions and to explore the competencies required for the teaching practice in Primary Schools, making a comparison between work field and teacher training under the competencies theme. The study was conducted using a qualitative method, and the data was collected via semi-structured one-on-one interviews and content analyzed. The chosen method for sampling was the non-probabilistic convenience one. The research questions were: What are the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the competencies the Teacher Education provides? What are the competencies the work requires according to the Primary school curriculum? And what are the differences and similarities between the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of competencies they have gained and the competencies the Primary Education field actually requires? As results, this study showed that there is a difference between the competencies pre-service teachers are learning in Teacher Education and the competencies they need in the working field. Also, the relevance of practice was explored as it helps bridge the gap that exists between theoretical knowledge and challenges that are encountered in the classroom. The relatively short time for teaching practice, the low acquisition of teachers’ competencies from the student-teachers, and the lack of a mentor’s support from University or the school are some of the issues the pre-service teachers are facing that are establishing this gap

Librarian formation: an experience report of scientific formation

Presents an experience report about the process of elaboration, execution and evaluation in the Scientific Initiation Project named “Information Literacy and informational practice: a study of sustainable development and exercise of citizenship", developed in the Library Science and Information Centre Management Course (CBG) of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), in the years 2018 and 2019. Deals about an undergraduate scientific initiation project of educational, social, cultural and technological character, which aimed to develop research about study and actions of Information Literacy in information practices focused on sustainable development and exercise of citizenship. Presents initially a brief history of Library Science and librarians, as information professionals; history of UFRJ as an institution concerned with teaching, research and extension; and the creation of CBG at UFRJ. Points out the relevance of the project as learning beyond the classroom and the collective and collaborative development between students and teachers involved in its elaboration

JATARISHUN: revoltas indígenas camponesas do Equador e Bem Viver

This article analyzes the Indigenous Peasant Movements (IPM) of Ecuador as a social force and political actor. By proposing an alternative to the Ecuadorian crisis based on the Sumak Kawsay (Good Living) values, the IPM expand democratic spaces and formulate an expanded sense of  citizenship. It focuses on the events of the 2019 national strike in Ecuador, in retrospective dialogue with previousuprisings. The article draws on the testimonies of the Kayambi people, collected before and after the strike, in semi-structured interviews, and ethnographic work. Results show that the memory of previous struggles was an essential motivation for the  emergence of the uprisings. Besides, unity and solidarity among rural actors and other sectors of the Ecuadorian society were the basis for the strike’s strength and power. In dialogue with the Emancipatory Rural Politics, the article contributes to critical approaches about the role of indigenous peasant peoples in struggles for life alternative. Cet article analyse les mouvements paysans autochtones (MIC) de l’Equateur en tant que force sociale et acteur politique. En proposant unealternative à la crise équatorienne fondée sur les valeurs du Sumak Kawsay (Bien Vivre), les MIC élargissent les espaces démocratiques et formulent un sens élargi de la  citoyenneté. L’analyse se concentre sur les événements de la grève nationalede 2019 en Équateur, en dialogue rétrospectif avec les mobilisations précédentes. L’article s’appuie sur des témoignages du peuple Kayambi, recueillis avant et après la grève, lors d’entretiens semi-structurés et des travaux ethnographiques. Les donnéesmontrent que le souvenir des luttes précédentes a été une motivation  essentielle pour l’émergence des manifestations. En outre, l’unité et la  solidarité entre les acteurs ruraux et les autres secteurs de la société équatorienne ont été à la base de la puissance et de la force de la grève. En dialogue avec le champ de la «politique rurale émancipatrice », l’article apporte des contributions aux  approches critiques sur le rôle des peuples paysans indigènes dans les  luttes pour des moyens de subsistance alternatifs. Este artigo analisa os Movimentos Indígenas Camponeses (MICs) do Equador como força social e ator político. Ao propor uma alternativa à crise equatoriana baseada nos valores do sumak kawsay (bem viver), os MICs ampliam espaços democráticos e formulam uma acepção expandida de cidadania. Focalizam-se os acontecimentos da greve nacional de 2019 no Equador, em diálogo retrospectivo com mobilizações anteriores. O artigo se baseia nos testemunhos do povo Kayambi, coletados antes e depois da greve, em entrevistas semiestruturadas e trabalho etnográfico. Os dados evidenciam que a memória de lutas anteriores foi uma motivação essencial para a emergência das manifestações. Ademais, a unidade e a solidariedade entre atores rurais e outros setores da sociedade equatoriana foram a base do poder e da força da greve. Em diálogo com o campo das “Políticas rurais emancipadoras”, aportam-se contribuições às abordagens críticas sobre o papel dos povos indígenas camponeses nas lutas por alternativas de vida

JATARISHUN: indigenous peasant uprisings of Ecuador and Good Living

This article analyzes the Indigenous Peasant Movements (IPM) of Ecuador as a social force and political actor. By proposing an alternative to the Ecuadorian crisis based on the Sumak  Kawsay (Good Living) values, the IPM expand democratic spaces and  formulate an extended sense of  citizenship. The text focuses on the  events of the 2019 national strike in  Ecuador, in retrospective dialogue with  previous uprisings. It draws on the  testimonies of the Kayambi people,  collected before and after the strike, in  semi-structured interviews, and  ethnographic work. Results show that  the memory of previous struggles was  an essential motivation for the emergence of the uprisings. Besides,  unity and solidarity among rural actors and other sectors of Ecuadorian  society were the basis for the strike’s  strength and power. Finally, in dialogue with the Emancipatory Rural Politics,  the article contributes to critical  approaches to the role of indigenous  peasant peoples in struggles for life  alternatives. 

Morte e vida no debate sobre aborto: uma análise a partir da audiência pública sobre a ADPF 442

Partindo da premissa de que as pautas sobre direitos reprodutivos constituem uma gama de disputas políticas no campo da sexualidade e da reprodução, este artigo examina o debate travado na audiência pública sobre a Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF) 442, ocorrida em agosto de 2018. A ação propõe a descriminalização do aborto induzido pela própria gestante ou com seu consentimento, até a 12ª. semana de gestação. Na audiência convocada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, 50 exposições de amici curiae foram realizadas, catalisando os atuais argumentos acionados no debate público sobre aborto no Brasil. O conteúdo da audiência pública (personagens, lugares, imagens, áudios, textos e vídeo) é tomado como material empírico desta pesquisa. Considerando a centralidade do argumento de defesa da vida/combate à morte, tanto nas exposições favoráveis quanto naquelas contrárias à ADPF, examinamos os distintos enquadramentos utilizados pelos atores políticos em cena, ao debater a problemática do aborto em termos de um embate entre morte e vida. Mais do que uma polissemia dos termos, trata-se de um embate que explicita hierarquias em relação à reprodução e à vida das mulheres.Starting from the premise that the reproductive rights agenda constitutes a range of political disputes in the field of sexuality and reproduction, this article examines the debate held at the public hearing on the Argument of Noncompliance with a Fundamental Precept (ADPF in the Portuguese acronym) No. 442, which took place in August 2018. This lawsuit proposes the decriminalization of abortion induced by the pregnant woman herself or with her consent, until the 12th. week of gestation. At the hearing convened by the Supreme Court, 50 amici curiae presentations were held, catalyzing the current arguments raised in the public debate on abortion in Brazil. The content of the public hearing (characters, places, images, audios, texts, and video) is taken as empirical material for this research. Considering the centrality of the defense of life/combating death argument, both in speeches for and against ADPF, we examine the different frameworks used by political actors on the scene, when debating the issue of abortion in terms of a clash between death and life. More than a polysemy of terms, it is a clash that makes explicit hierarchies regarding reproduction and women’s lives

A construção da proposta de educação do campo na escola da ilha de superagui: o cotidiano dos pescadores artesanais como principio educativo

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014O presente resumo pretende relatar e refletir sobre a estratégia pedagógica e curricular para conhecer e incorporar o cotidiano do mundo do trabalho de pescadores e pescadoras artesanais no planejamento das aulas do ensino médio na área de conhecimento de Ciências Humanas I do Colégio Estadual do Campo de Barra do Superagui, tendo como referência a observação do cotidiano e sua interação com os conteúdos estruturantes consoante a Proposta Pedagógica das Escolas das Ilhas do Litoral Norte (SEED, 2009). Nossa inserção somente foi viabilizada pela realização do Programa de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID - Subprojeto de Ciências Sociais/IFPR. O objetivo da proposta deste Subprojeto é a formação inicial de estudantes de graduação na Licenciatura de Ciências Sociais na construção de propostas para o ensino médio na Área de Ciências Humanas I (Sociologia e Filosofia), utilizando a concepção da Educação do Campo, uma vez que os sujeitos a que se destina a proposta se tratam de comunidades tradicionais de pescadores e pescadoras artesanai