Digitale Teilhabe

Das Themenheft Digitale Teilhabe beschäftigt sich zentral mit den Potentialen der Nutzung der neuen Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien durch benachteiligte Menschen. Im Leitartikel wird der Versuch unternommen, mögliche theoretische Anknüpfungspunkte und Forschungsfragen für weitere Studien- und Forschungsarbeiten in dem noch jungen Themenfeld der Digitalen Teilhabe zu identifizieren. Hierzu wird zunächst das zugrunde liegende Verständnis von Behinderung/Benachteiligung diskutiert und inklusive (Medien-)Bildung als Teil der Persönlichkeitsbildung skizziert. In verschiedenen Diskursen bzw. Disziplinen werden dann theoretische Anknüpfungspunkte für weitere Forschungsarbeiten benannt. Die Idee für das Themenheft ist im Rahmen des Projekts "Begleitforschung im PIKSL-Labor" des Zentrums für Planung und Evaluation Sozialer Dienste der Uni Siegen (ZPE) entstanden. Das PIKSL-Projekt zielt darauf ab, Menschen mit Behinderungen moderne Kommunikationstechnologien zugänglich zu machen, um ihnen Teilhabemöglichkeiten zu erleichtern und zugleich die personale Abhängigkeit von professioneller Unterstützung zu reduzieren. Der inter- und transdisziplinäre Ansatz von PIKSL wird durch die Vielfalt der Artikel in dem Heft deutlich: Digitale Teilhabe wird nicht alleine aus (medien-)pädagogischer bzw. sozialwissenschaftlicher Perspektive betrachtet. Die Besonderheit liegt in der Kooperation unterschiedlicher Disziplinen wie Soziale Arbeit, Kunst und Webdesign

Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research: Finding the common ground of multi-faceted concepts

Inter- and transdisciplinarity are increasingly relevant concepts and practices within academia. While various definitions exist, a clear distinction between inter- and transdisciplinarity remains difficult. Although there is a wide consensus about the need to define and apply these approaches, there is no agreement over definitions. Building on data collected during the first year of the COST Action TD1408 “Interdisciplinarity in research programming and funding cycles” (INTREPID), this paper describes both tensions and common ground about the characteristics and building blocks of interand trans-disciplinarity. Drawing on empirical data from participatory workshops involving INTREPID network members coming from 27 different countries, the paper shows that diverse definitions of inter and trans-disciplinarity coexist within scientific literature and in the mind of researchers and practitioners. The understanding about the involvement of actors outside of academia also differs widely across scientific communities irrespective of disciplinary training or the research subjects. The focus should be on the knowledge that is required to deal with a specific problem, rather than discussing “if” and “how” to integrate actors outside the academia, and collaboration should start with joint problem framing. This diversity is, however, not an absolute obstacle to practice, since the latter is made possible through building blocks such as knowledge domains, problem- and solution- oriented approaches, common goals, as well as target knowledge. In order to move towards more effective inter- and transdisciplinary research, we identify the need for trained interdisciplinarity facilitators and ‘accompanying research’ (derived from the Danish term ‘følgeforskning’). These two roles can be essential to inter- and transdisciplinarity practices including the promotion of reflexivity

NTIRE 2020 Challenge on Spectral Reconstruction from an RGB Image

This paper reviews the second challenge on spectral reconstruction from RGB images, i.e., the recovery of whole- scene hyperspectral (HS) information from a 3-channel RGB image. As in the previous challenge, two tracks were provided: (i) a "Clean" track where HS images are estimated from noise-free RGBs, the RGB images are themselves calculated numerically using the ground-truth HS images and supplied spectral sensitivity functions (ii) a "Real World" track, simulating capture by an uncalibrated and unknown camera, where the HS images are recovered from noisy JPEG-compressed RGB images. A new, larger-than-ever, natural hyperspectral image data set is presented, containing a total of 510 HS images. The Clean and Real World tracks had 103 and 78 registered participants respectively, with 14 teams competing in the final testing phase. A description of the proposed methods, alongside their challenge scores and an extensive evaluation of top performing methods is also provided. They gauge the state-of-the-art in spectral reconstruction from an RGB image

Medienkompetenz - Von Anfang an?

Kinder sind heute mit einer großen Anzahl verschiedener und vielfältiger technischer Hilfsmittel konfrontiert. Der Umgang mit diesen wird für sie zur alltäglichen Herausforderung. Hier stellt sich nun die Frage, ob und wie die Pädagogik und die Soziale Arbeit auf diese Situation reagieren soll und kann. Medienkompetenz ist hierbei ein Schlüssel. In diesem Artikel soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, ob und ab welchem Alter die Förderung von Medienkompetenz sinnvoll ist

3D cross sectional view to investigate the morphology of internal carotid artery plaques : is 3D ultrasound superior to 2D ultrasound?

Previous studies have demonstrated that plaques from the internal carotid artery with lower median grayscale values are associated with higher complication rates in the perinterventional course. A repeatedly cited limitation of ultrasound is that the single plane used to calculate the median grayscale value is only two dimensional. The goal of this study was to compare the median grayscale value as determined using two dimensional cuts versus three dimensional data sets. Seventy-one cuts of 24 thromboendarterectomy samples from 19 patients were analyzed using 3D data sets. The ultrasound data sets were obtained using a 10 MHz probe in 3D mode in a special chamber and were evaluated by two investigators. Additionally, a longitudinal view of the samples was made using B mode according to a standardized protocol. Results: There was a significant correlation between the 2D and 3D data as assessed by two observers (p 0.895) and at different times (p 0.935). Comparison of the 3D transverse cuts with the longitudinal B mode cuts also showed a highly significant association between the two methods (p < 0.001, R = 0.800). 97.2 % of the measured values were within the limits of agreement, reflecting the concordance of the both methods. The superiority of three dimensional ultrasound with respect to two dimensional ultrasound was not able to be demonstrated using this standardized in vitro procedure to examine the echolucency in extracranial internal carotid artery plaques