Origin and mobility of Iron Age Gaulish groups in present-day France revealed through archaeogenomics

The Iron Age period occupies an important place in French history, as the Gauls are regularly presented as the direct ancestors of the extant French population. We documented here the genomic diversity of Iron Age communities originating from six French regions. The 49 acquired genomes permitted us to highlight an absence of discontinuity between Bronze Age and Iron Age groups in France, lending support to a cultural transition linked to progressive local economic changes rather than to a massive influx of allochthone groups. Genomic analyses revealed strong genetic homogeneity among the regional groups associated with distinct archaeological cultures. This genomic homogenisation appears to be linked to individuals’ mobility between regions as well as gene flow with neighbouring groups from England and Spain. Thus, the results globally support a common genomic legacy for the Iron Age population of modern-day France that could be linked to recurrent gene flow between culturally differentiated communities

Le tumulus I de Colmar-Riedwihr (Haut-Rhin)

Riedwihr I belongs to a cluster of two barrows localised at the southern limit of the "ried Centre-Alsace" on the territory of the city of Colmar, north of the village of Riedwihr, along the CD 45. It is a large barrow of about 40 meters of diameter, very flat (55 cm) edificated on the gravel made with the clay from the surrounding ground. In the area limited by a circular ditch open in the east -south-east, the barrow has revealed the remains of 28 burial grounds ordered around the ditch and many displaced human remains. This barrow was probably edificated in the middle Bronze Age, and was especially used in the Hallstatt period. A rich midland burrial contening a dagger has been discovered in this mound.Le tertre de Riedwihr I appartient à un groupe de deux tertres situés à l'extrémité sud du ried Centre-Alsace, sur le ban de la ville de Colmar, au nord du village de Riedwihr en bordure du CD 45. Il s'agit d'un grand tertre d'environ 40 m de diamètre, très bas (55 cm), édifié sur un substrat de graviers à l'aide de la terre argileuse noirâtre environnante. A l'intérieur de l'aire délimitée par un fossé circulaire ouvert à l'est -sud-est, le tertre a fourni les restes de 28 sépultures disposées tangentiellement au fossé ainsi que de nombreux restes humains remaniés. Édifié vraisemblablement dès le Bronze moyen, mais utilisé essentiellement à la période hallstattienne, le tertre a livré une riche tombe centrale avec poignard à antennes.Bonnet Charles, Lambach François, Plouin Suzanne. Le tumulus I de Colmar-Riedwihr (Haut-Rhin). In: Gallia, tome 48, 1991. pp. 13-57

Les tertres du Bronze moyen d'Appenwihr, forêt de Kastenwald (Haut-Rhin)

Bonnet Charles, Plouin Suzanne, Lambach François. Les tertres du Bronze moyen d'Appenwihr, forêt de Kastenwald (Haut-Rhin). In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 78, n°10-12, 1981. Études et Travaux. pp. 432-471

Linsenbrunnen II, un nouveau secteur de la station d'altitude de Hohlandsberg (commune de Wintzenheim, Haut-Rhin)

Dièse neue Ausgrabung in der Höhensiedlung Hohlandsberg bringt, wie vorher, zahlreiches Keramikmaterial aus der Urnenfelderzeit, selbst wenn es sich manchmal um wenig karakterisierte Siedlungsware handelt. Aber diesmal kann man ziemlich gut erhaltene Spuren erwahnen, welche von aufeinanderfolgende Hàuser hinterlassen wurde. Trotz abhàngicher und auch umgearbeiteter Boden, kann man sich schliesslich ein ziemlich gutes Bild iiber die Spàtbronzezeitliche Gebàude machen. Insofern man dièse Hàuser anordnen kann, haben wir versucht, nur die Ausgrabungsangaben massgebend, die zum jedem Haus angehôrige Keramik zeitstellig zu classieren.RESUMES Comme dans toute fouille du Hohlandsberg, la céramique est abondante, même s'il s'agit parfois de poteries non décorées ou d'un faciès peu caractéristique. D'un autre côté, le grand intérêt de ce secteur réside dans la présence de nombreuses traces et vestiges laissés par les maisons implantées là en phases successives ; ces structures, parfois bien conservées, sont suffisamment parlantes pour qu'on puisse se faire une idée assez précise sur les caractéristiques des constructions de cette époque. Dans la mesure où, d'après les observations faites sur le terrain, l'on peut établir l'ordre de succession de ces maisons, on a essayé d'en tirer le classement chronologique, dans le cadre du B.F. II et III, de la céramique rattachée à chacune d'elles.Lambach François, Bonnet Charles, Plouin Suzanne. Linsenbrunnen II, un nouveau secteur de la station d'altitude de Hohlandsberg (commune de Wintzenheim, Haut-Rhin). In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 82, n°10-12, 1985. Études et Travaux. pp. 449-509

Le tertre II de Colmar-Riedwihr (Haut-Rhin) : évolution d'un monument funéraire du Bronze ancien à La Tène A

The Riedwihr II barrow was in use for 1500 years and, although partially levelled, has yielded the remains of 21 burials dating from the Early Bronze Age to the early La Tène, together with a tomb dating from the 10th century AD set into the tumulus. Three quarters of the burials date from the Hallstatt period, and are characterised by grave goods which are rather poor but often original in view of the regional rarity of certain objects. Thanks to optimal geological conditions, study of the internal structures of the barrow has allowed the sequence of construction work and funerary rites to be identified precisely, thus providing new points of view regarding the functioning of barrows.Utilisé durant 1 500 ans, le tertre de Riedwihr II, bien que partiellement arasé, a livré les restes de 21 sépultures échelonnées entre le Bronze ancien et La Tène ancienne, ainsi qu'une tombe du Xe siècle de notre ère déposée secondairement dans la masse tumulaire. Datées pour les trois-quarts d'entre elles de la période hallstattienne, les sépultures sont caractérisées par un mobilier plutôt pauvre, mais souvent original en raison de la rareté régionale de certains objets. Favorisée par des conditions géologiques optimales, l'étude des structures internes du tertre a permis de reconnaître de façon précise la succession des travaux d'aménagement et le déroulement des rites funéraires, ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives quant aux modalités de fonctionnement d'un tumulus.Bonnet Charles, Lambach François, Plouin Suzanne. Le tertre II de Colmar-Riedwihr (Haut-Rhin) : évolution d'un monument funéraire du Bronze ancien à La Tène A. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 101, n°3, 2004. pp. 547-594

Le tumulus I de Colmar-Riedwihr (Haut-Rhin)

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Prognostic Value of Troponin Elevation in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients

(1) Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) penetrates the respiratory epithelium through angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) binding. Myocardial and endothelial expression of ACE2 could account for the growing body of reported evidence of myocardial injury in severe forms of Human Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to provide insight into the impact of troponin (hsTnI) elevation on SARS-CoV-2 outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. (2) Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of hospitalized adult patients with the SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a university hospital in France. The observation period ended at hospital discharge. (3) Results: During the study period, 772 adult, symptomatic COVID-19 patients were hospitalized for more than 24 h in our institution, of whom 375 had a hsTnI measurement and were included in this analysis. The median age was 66 (55-74) years, and there were 67% of men. Overall, 205 (55%) patients were placed under mechanical ventilation and 90 (24%) died. A rise in hsTnI was noted in 34% of the cohort, whereas only three patients had acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and one case of myocarditis. Death occurred more frequently in patients with hsTnI elevation (HR 3.95, 95% CI 2.69-5.71). In the multivariate regression model, a rise in hsTnI was independently associated with mortality (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.49-6.65) as well as age >= 65 years old (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.45-7.18) and CRP >= 100 mg/L (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.12-13.98). After performing a sensitivity analysis for the missing values of hsTnI, troponin elevation remained independently and significantly associated with death (OR 3.84, 95% CI 1.78-8.28). (4) Conclusion: Our study showed a four-fold increased risk of death in the case of a rise in hsTnI, underlining the prognostic value of troponin assessment in the COVID-19 context

Outcomes of COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients Previously Treated with Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) penetrates respiratory epithelium through angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 binding, raising concerns about the potentially harmful effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) on Human Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) evolution. This study aimed to provide insight into the impact of RASi on SARS-CoV-2 outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of hospitalized adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a university hospital in France. The observation period ended at hospital discharge. Results: During the study period, 943 COVID-19 patients were admitted to our institution, of whom 772 were included in this analysis. Among them, 431 (55.8%) had previously known hypertension. The median age was 68 (56-79) years. Overall, 220 (28.5%) patients were placed under mechanical ventilation and 173 (22.4%) died. According to previous exposure to RASi, we defined two groups, namely, "RASi" (n = 282) and "RASi-free" (n = 490). Severe pneumonia (defined as leading to death and/or requiring intubation, high-flow nasal oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, and/or oxygen flow at a rate of >= 5 L/min) and death occurred more frequently in RASi-treated patients (64% versus 53% and 29% versus 19%, respectively). However, in a propensity score-matched cohort derived from the overall population, neither death (hazard ratio (HR) 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-1.50), p = 0.76) nor severe pneumonia (HR 1.03 (95%CI 0.73-1.44), p = 0.85) were associated with RASi therapy. Conclusion: Our study showed no correlation between previous RASi treatment and death or severe COVID-19 pneumonia after adjustment for confounders

GENETIX : un état des lieux des populations de l’âge du Fer en France. Regards croisés de l’archéologie et de la génétique

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