What is the optimum artificial treament for dry eye?

Dry eye disease is a common clinical condition whose aetiology and management challenges clinicians and researchers alike. Practitioners have a number of dry eye tests available to clinically assess dry eye disease, in order to treat their patients effectively and successfully. This thesis set out to determine the most relevant and successful key tests for dry eye disease diagnosis/ management. There has been very little research on determining the most effective treatment options for these patients; therefore a randomised controlled study was conducted in order to see how different artificial treatments perform compared to each other, whether the preferred treatment could have been predicted from their ocular clinical assessment, and if the preferred treatment subjectively related to the greatest improvement in ocular physiology and tear film stability. This research has found: 1. From the plethora of ocular the tear tests available to utilise in clinical practice, the tear stability tests as measured by the non-invasive tear break (NITBUT) up time and invasive tear break up time (NaFL TBUT) are strongly correlated. The tear volume tests are also related as measured by the phenol red thread (PRT) and tear meniscus height (TMH). Lid Parallel Conjunctival Folds (LIPCOF) and conjunctival staining are significantly correlated to one another. Symptomology and osmolarity were also found to be important tests in order to assess for dry eye. 2. Artificial tear supplements do work for ocular comfort, as well as the ocular surface as observed by conjunctival staining and the reduction LIPCOF. There is no strong evidence of one type of artificial tear supplement being more effective than others, and the data suggest that these improvements are more due to the time than the specific drops. 3. When trying to predict patient preference for artificial tears from baseline measurements, the individual category of artificial tear supplements appeared to have an improvement in at least 1 tear metric. Undoubtedly, from the study the patients preferred artificial tear supplements’ were rated much higher than the other three drops used in the study and their subjective responses were statistically significant than the signs. 4. Patients are also willing to pay for a community dry eye service in their area of £17. In conclusion, the dry eye tests conducted in the study correlate with one another and with the symptoms reported by the patient. Artificial tears do make a difference objectively as well as subjectively. There is no optimum artificial treatment for dry eye, however regular consistent use of artificial eye drops will improve the ocular surface

Türk musikisi

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 229-Laika Karabe

Envisioning a Way Forward: Climate Displacement Legal Strategy Convening

This synthesis report presents key strategic points that were discussed in a convening on climate displacement that took place on October 25-26, 2022. It highlights how much work must be done to create an equitable legal framework that responds to the needs of the most marginalized people and potential future projects that may address these needs

Management of Inorganic Input and Empty Fruit Bunches Towards Efficient Nutrient Use by Young Oil Palm

The mechanism governing the effect of oil palm EFB on yield have not been thoroughly investigated. Against this background, four experiments were set up; one in the laboratory and three in the field, in an attempt to determine the decomposition pattern of EFB, identify the quality factor(s) controlling EFB decomposition, determine the effect of EFB application on the leaching of N and uptake of N and K fertilisers. Results from the laboratory experiment indicate that, EFB decomposed in 3 distinct phases: viz. an initial immobilisation phase, a later immobilisation phase of reduced intensity and a final re-mineralisation phase. Stalks generally decomposed faster than the spikelets. In the field experiment, the decomposition rates and patterns of EFB component parts were relatively the same as in the laboratory. EFB-lignin, carbon, polyphenol and nitrogen dynamics were evaluated with time and all four-quality parameters showed a strong correlation with soil N dynamics. However EFB-N had a stronger negative (R2 = -0.95) relation (P=O.OI) with soil N dynamics. Application of EFB parts lead to a complete soil N immobilisation for the entire 36 weeks study while EFB tissue N increased with time. Evaluation of leaching of K, Ca, and Mg from EFB, using two sampling methods viz non-destructive sampling (NDS) and destructive sampling (DS) methods, indicated very high loses of K (87 - 88%), Mg (80 - 86%) and Ca (83 - 88%). For all treatments, K was lost at a much faster rate than Mg and Ca. A comparison of the two sampling methods showed that the NDS method was better as it accounted for higher quantities of nutrients leached

Neurogenesis in humans as a function of age, depression, and treatment

Medical Schoolhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148196/1/simeonthompsonr.pd

FINANCIAL LEVERAGE AND LIQUIDITY ON GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND STOCK RETURN

Investor needed the information about financial performance in order to predict the price and return of stock. This study aims to find out the effect of financial leverage and liquidity on Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and return of stock in the manufacture companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2013-2017. The method of descriptive and verifiative are used in this study by using 94 samples determined by purposive sampling technique. A secondary data is used and analyzed by using panel data regression model and moderated regression analysis. The result showed that simultenously, financial leverage and liquidity effected negatively and significantly to the return of stock. Partially, leverage effected negatively and significantly, as well as liquidity but insignificantly. The GCG is able to moderated a simultaneous effect of financial leverage and liquidity on return of stock to be positive, but insiginificatn. However, GCG effected positively and significantly

Pharmacist intervention in drug-related problems for patients with cardiovascular diseases in selected community pharmacies in Northern Cyprus

Purpose: To investigate the role of the community pharmacist in identifying, preventing and resolving drug related problems (DRPs) encountered by patients, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular drugs in community pharmacies in Northern Cyprus, Turkey.Methods: A prospective observational study for the assessment of DRPs and pharmacist interventions in cardiovascular diseases patients was conducted over a period of four months at four community pharmacies in North Cyprus. Interventions were then evaluated and classified using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe PCNE DRP classification tool V6.2.Results: It was determined that 63 % of patients requiring intervention had problems related to drug use linked to existing diseases. The most common cause of DRPs was adverse drug reactions (ADR, 54 %), while the most common reason for DRPs in this group, ‘Others’ (54 %), was significantly (p < 0.0001); ‘Others’ included compliance problems and unclassified complaints. All patients were counseled. Sixty three percent of the encountered DRPs were completely resolved after intervention; the outcome of the intervention was unknown in 36 % of the patients, but the problem could not be solved in only 1 %.Conclusion: Adverse drug reactions are the most common DRPs in patients with cardiovascular disease. Pharmacist intervention is effective in reducing the level of DRPs.Keywords: Drug related problems (DRPs), Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE), Community pharmacists, Intervention, Cardiovascular disease

İstanbul radyosunda bir konser

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 481-Muhtelif Gazete Kupürleri (Musiki İle İlgili). Not: Gazetenin "Musiki Hayatı" köşesinde yayımlanmıştır.Unutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010