Regulation of two germin-like protein genes during plum fruit development

Germin-like proteins (GLPs) have several proposed roles in plant development and defence. Two novel genes (Ps-GLP1 and 2) encoding germin-like protein were isolated from plum (Prunus salicina). Their regulation was studied throughout fruit development and during ripening of early and late cultivars. These two genes exhibited similar expression patterns throughout the various stages of fruit development excluding two important stages, pit hardening (S2) and fruit ripening (S4). During fruit development until the ripening phase, the accumulation of both Ps-GLPs is related to the evolution of auxin. However, during the S2 stage only Ps-GLP1 is induced and this could putatively be in a H2O2-dependent manner. On the other hand, the diversity in the Ps-GLPs accumulation profile during the ripening process seems to be putatively due to the variability of endogenous auxin levels among the two plum cultivars, which consequently change the levels of autocatalytic ethylene available for the fruit to co-ordinate ripening. The effect of auxin on stimulating ethylene production and in regulating Ps-GLPs transcripts was also investigated. These data, supported by their localization in the extracellular matrix, suggest that auxin is somehow involved in the regulation of both transcripts throughout fruit development and ripening

Contrasting Cu-complexing behaviour in vapour and liquid fluid inclusions from the Yankee Lode tin deposit, Mole Granite, Australia

International audienceSynchrotron Radiation-induced X-Ray Fluorescence (SR-XRF) and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) experiments were performed on coexisting low density vapour and high density liquid inclusions from the Yankee Lode, Mole Granite, Australia. The chosen sample is a quartz crystal from a cassiterite–quartz-vein, showing a complex hydrothermal growth history characterized by successive pulses of fluid trapping from 600 to 200 °C. The liquid and vapour inclusions analysed predated cassiterite precipitation and show a homogenisation temperature of about 450 °C. In vapour inclusions, SR-XRF mapping showed that Cu is associated with S together with K, Mn, Fe, Zn and As, likely as a sulphide mineral. Elemental quantification deduced from XRF maps performed at room temperature on heterogeneous and on inclusions homogenised by heating indicate that Cu was concentrated in the low density vapour inclusions whereas Cl, K, Mn, Fe, Zn, Br and Rb were partitioned in the high density liquid phase. S and As show partition coefficients close to 1:1, with As displaying a stronger affinity for the liquid phase than S. Micro-XANES experiments at the Cu Kα edge show that Cl-ligand complexes dominate upon heating in both inclusion types up to 450 °C. SR-XRF mapping during heating revealed that the vapour inclusion was not completely homogenised at 450 °C. XANES analysis of the vapour inclusion showed that a new Cu-bearing phase formed above 450 °C, which is not detectable in the liquid inclusion. To our knowledge, species detected in the XANES spectra acquired at 506 °C do not correspond to any Cu–Cl complex published so far in the literature. We propose that a Cu1+ complex of still unknown stoichimetry, including sulfur as a ligand and possibly Cl as well, could account for Cu complexation at high temperature. This observation supports the hypothesis that sulfur could play a central role for Cu-complexing in high temperature porphyry-type environments. Experimental data in the system Cu–S–Cl–CO2–H2O are needed to document fully this newly discovered Cu complex

New cryogenic environment for beamline ID22 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

A compact minicryostat has been well adapted on the hard x-ray microprobe ID22 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. For variable low-temperature investigations, its special technical design provides precise scanning microscopy and allows easy access for multiple detection modes. Based on x-ray excited optical luminescence technique on the micrometer scale, details of the equipment, its temperature calibration, and typical results are described. Data collections from InAs quantum heterostructures support the excellent thermal performance of the novel cryogenic device.Special thanks are due to Michele Soulier and Yves Dabin for the design of the mechanical interface used on the sample stage. The authors are also grateful to Remi Tucoulou as well as Isabelle Letard for their useful help.Peer reviewe

IMPROVEMENTS TO THE MODELING OF THE TREAT REACTOR AND EXPERIMENTS

This paper summarizes the latest improvements and lessons learned from the modeling and simulation of the transient test reactor at Idaho National Laboratory using the MAMMOTH reactor physics application. MAMMOTH is a MOOSE-based, Finite Element Method application that specializes in the analysis of the spatial dynamics behavior of nuclear reactors. Since early 2018 several transient tests have been conducted at TREAT, thus providing the opportunity to apply and benchmark modern modeling and simulation tools. MAMMOTH was used to provide predictions of the power coupling factor between the core and the experiment for various experiments. Even though the power coupling factor predictions agree very well with the experimental data, within the bounds of the experimental uncertainty, one shortcoming was the underprediction of the total energy deposited in the core and experiment. Determination of the sources for this discrepancy is ongoing, but several key problems have been identified and resolved, thus providing valuable insights for future research. This paper discusses several of these lessons learned. First, the heat capacity data for the TREAT fuel has some significant problems due to limitations of the measurement techniques used circa 1960s. The sensitivity of the peak power and the total energy deposition to various representations of the heat capacity is approximately 5%. Second, the effects of the biological shield and thermal column on the modeling of the core are non-negligible, since they affect the mean generation time and the effective reflection of neutrons back into the core, which is suspected to be important during the core heat up. Matching the reactor period resolves the fact that the reduced spatial domain used in the MAMMOTH model underpredicts the mean generation time. The neutron reflection from these regions is marginally improved with the use of an albedo boundary condition. Third, modeling of the control rod movement with a multi-scheme method is introduced and its current limitations are exposed. Fourth, we explore the effects of using a homogenized model with Superhomogenization equivalence and how that differs from fully heterogeneous simulations. Finally, the energy condensation effects for this graphite core are significant. Solutions with 10 and 26 energy groups show the benefits of using a finer coarse group structure

IMPROVEMENTS TO THE MODELING OF THE TREAT REACTOR AND EXPERIMENTS

This paper summarizes the latest improvements and lessons learned from the modeling and simulation of the transient test reactor at Idaho National Laboratory using the MAMMOTH reactor physics application. MAMMOTH is a MOOSE-based, Finite Element Method application that specializes in the analysis of the spatial dynamics behavior of nuclear reactors. Since early 2018 several transient tests have been conducted at TREAT, thus providing the opportunity to apply and benchmark modern modeling and simulation tools. MAMMOTH was used to provide predictions of the power coupling factor between the core and the experiment for various experiments. Even though the power coupling factor predictions agree very well with the experimental data, within the bounds of the experimental uncertainty, one shortcoming was the underprediction of the total energy deposited in the core and experiment. Determination of the sources for this discrepancy is ongoing, but several key problems have been identified and resolved, thus providing valuable insights for future research. This paper discusses several of these lessons learned. First, the heat capacity data for the TREAT fuel has some significant problems due to limitations of the measurement techniques used circa 1960s. The sensitivity of the peak power and the total energy deposition to various representations of the heat capacity is approximately 5%. Second, the effects of the biological shield and thermal column on the modeling of the core are non-negligible, since they affect the mean generation time and the effective reflection of neutrons back into the core, which is suspected to be important during the core heat up. Matching the reactor period resolves the fact that the reduced spatial domain used in the MAMMOTH model underpredicts the mean generation time. The neutron reflection from these regions is marginally improved with the use of an albedo boundary condition. Third, modeling of the control rod movement with a multi-scheme method is introduced and its current limitations are exposed. Fourth, we explore the effects of using a homogenized model with Superhomogenization equivalence and how that differs from fully heterogeneous simulations. Finally, the energy condensation effects for this graphite core are significant. Solutions with 10 and 26 energy groups show the benefits of using a finer coarse group structure

Brain FDG-PET correlates of saccadic disorders in early PSP

International audienc

Chocolates classification according to their volatile compounds fingerprints measured by PTR-ToF-MS

International audienc

Organoleptic properties of dark chocolates investigated by direct-injection mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and GC-MS-Olfactometry

National audienc

Does aroma composition allow to discriminate groups of dark chocolates categorized on the basis of their organoleptic properties? Inputs of direct-injection mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and GC-Olfactometry

International audienc

Soluble programmed death-ligand 1 as a prognostic biomarker for overall survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a replication study and combined analysis of 508 patients

International audienc