LE CUIVRE ET LE ZINC DANS LES EAUX SOUTERRAINES PROFONDES ALBIENNES DE LA REGION DE BISKRA (ALGERIE

L'aquifere Albien, appele aussi nappe du continental intercalaire (CI), est de loin le reservoir le plus important dans la region de Biskra (Algerie) puisqu'il couvre la majeure partie du saharien septentrional ou il presente approximativement une superficie de 600.000 Km2 avec une capacite en eau de l¡¦ordre de 50.000 Milliards de metres cube (Nesson, 1975).Les eaux fossiles du continental intercalaire, ont ete rechargees lors des periodes humides et plus froides du Pleistocene inferieur (Guendouz & Moulla, 1995, 1996). Le fonctionnement hydraulique actuel est caracterise par :„h un tres faible taux de remplissage sinon negligeable,„h un ecoulement vers le Sud-Est„h et des exutoires representes par les forages profonds captant cette nappe.Le present travail traite des elements traces dans les eaux de l¡¦aquifere albien de la region de Biskra, particulierement le zinc et le cuivre. Les echantillons proviennent de 17 forages d¡¦une profondeur de 1641 a 2729 m et produisant des debits de l¡¦ordre de 30 a 120 l/s

Fluid and Diffusion Limits for Bike Sharing Systems

Bike sharing systems have rapidly developed around the world, and they are served as a promising strategy to improve urban traffic congestion and to decrease polluting gas emissions. So far performance analysis of bike sharing systems always exists many difficulties and challenges under some more general factors. In this paper, a more general large-scale bike sharing system is discussed by means of heavy traffic approximation of multiclass closed queueing networks with non-exponential factors. Based on this, the fluid scaled equations and the diffusion scaled equations are established by means of the numbers of bikes both at the stations and on the roads, respectively. Furthermore, the scaling processes for the numbers of bikes both at the stations and on the roads are proved to converge in distribution to a semimartingale reflecting Brownian motion (SRBM) in a $N^{2}$-dimensional box, and also the fluid and diffusion limit theorems are obtained. Furthermore, performance analysis of the bike sharing system is provided. Thus the results and methodology of this paper provide new highlight in the study of more general large-scale bike sharing systems.Comment: 34 pages, 1 figure

From local to World Heritage: a comparative analysis

This paper aims to assess the implementation of the 1972 Convention in 10 countries (Australia, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States) which were part of a research network funded by the UK’s Arts and Humanities Research Council in 2012–15 by examining the selection process of cultural properties at the national level through a survey. The survey consisted of a questionnaire that aimed to identify national practices regarding the identification and nomination of sites for submission on the state’s Tentative List and then onto the World Heritage List. It highlighted that despite the efforts of the World Heritage Committee to unify the submission process through long and detailed Operational Guidelines, there are important differences at a national level that lead to the List’s lack of representativity and an heterogeneous implementation of the Convention

The Preservation of Door Gods in Traditional Taiwanese Temples

[EN] This paper focuses on the study and conservation of the gods painted on the doors of traditional temples in Taiwan. These paintings are continually exposed to poor environmental conditions (especially sunlight, rain, and pollution) and human factors, such as continuous ritual activities. After reviewing the technical characteristics of these paintings and their origins, traditional views and contemporary practices followed in the restoration of temples are explored. Since preventive conservation is a key issue in the preservation of cultural heritage, some solutions that have already been carried out, as well as suggestions for others that could be put into practice in order to improve the situation and extend the life expectancy of these paintings, are considered. Finally, while it is inevitable to try to preserve some of the most outstanding pieces, the possibility of considering these works as ephemeral is contemplated. This may seem contradictory, but it is, in fact, a relatively common situation when addressing the conservation of religious heritage in use. Undoubtedly, the preservation of this heritage still raises many questions and exposes a number of contradictions.Wu, W.; Barros García, JM. (2020). The Preservation of Door Gods in Traditional Taiwanese Temples. Studies in Conservation. 65(8):475-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2020.1712110S475486658Clart, P., & Jones, C. B. (Eds.). (2003). Religion in Modern Taiwan. doi:10.1515/9780824845063Ferrazza, L., and D. Juanes Barber. 2014. Informe preliminar: análisis de la pintura sobre tabla de dos puertas orientales (N° de registro: 233/2014). Subdirección de Conservación, Restauración e Investigación IVC + R de CulturArts Generalitat Valenciana (unpublished).ICOMOS. 2013. The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance. https://australia.icomos.org/publications/charters/.Li, L.F. 2004. “An Introduction to the Study of the Conservation and Restoration of Monument III- Xingji Temple’s Paintings in Tainan [台南市三級古蹟興濟宮建築彩繪保存修護研究案例介紹].” In 2004 Congress on the Conservation and Restoration of Building Paintings [年建築彩繪保存修護研習]. December 12–26, 2004. Tainan [in Chinese].Li, H.Y. 2012. Lectures on the Deterioration of Wood Structures and the Prevention and Control of Insects in Historical Buildings [古蹟歷史建築木構造生物劣化與蟲蟻防治教育研習講座]. [in Chinese].Li, L.F., M.S. Zheng, and Y.L. Cai. 2008. “The Current State of Conservation and Preservation of the Architectural Paintings of Taiwanese Temples [台灣寺廟建築彩繪保存維護現況].” In Congress on the Conservation and Preservation of Paintings on Wood in East Asian Architecture [東亞木構建築彩繪保存維護研討會]. March 14, 2008. Tainan [in Chinese].Pan, H. 2004. “The Study on the Basement Materials Coated for Architectural Paints. The Contemporary Ones in Taiwan as an Example [建築彩繪地仗層之研究-以台灣當代作法為例.” Master Diss., National Cheng Kung University, Tainan [in Chinese]. http://ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw/handle/987654321/27772.Tang, Y.F. 2006. “A Study on Thinking of the Temple Paintings Conservation in Taiwan [台灣寺廟彩畫維護思維之研究].” Master Diss., Shu-Te University, Kaohsiung [in Chinese].Tseng, Y., Wu, C., Juan, C., Wang, S., Li, Z., Kuo, K., … Wu, W. (2014). Conservation of polychrome paintings in Tien-hou Kung, Penghu, Taiwan. Studies in Conservation, 59(sup1), S271-S272. doi:10.1179/204705814x13975704320837Tung, Y.Y., and S. Hsieh. 2010. “Exploring the Approach to the Conservation and Restoration of Taiwan’s Traditional Temple Artifacts.” In Multidisciplinary Conservation: A Holistic View for Historic Interiors. ICOM-CC Interim Meeting, Rome. https://www.icom-cc.org/54/document/exploring-the-approach-to-the-conservation-and-restoration-of-taiwans-traditional-temple-artifacts/?id=862.Wu, W. 2016. “Estudio y Conservación de las Pinturas de los Dioses, Realizadas por el Pintor Cai Cao-Ru, en las Puertas de los Templos de Taiwan.” PhD diss., Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia. https://hdl.handle.net/10251/61040.Xu, M.F. 2003. “Conservation and Restoration of Paintings in Traditional Taiwanese Temples Considered Monuments: The Case of Tainan [由南瀛的案例來談台灣傳統寺廟古蹟彩畫的保存與修復].” The Landscape of Humanism: Presentations at the Tainan Traditional Art Seminar [南瀛人文景觀: 南瀛傳統藝術硏討會論文集]. Yilan: National Center for Traditional Arts [in Chinese].Xue, Q. 1997. “Techniques for the Restoration of Paintings in Traditional Constructions [傳統建築彩繪修護技術].” Traditional Art Seminar 1997 [年傳統藝術研討會論文集]. Taipei: Taipei National University of the Arts, Center for Traditional Arts [in Chinese]

Insight into the effects of H2SO4 and HNO3 acidification processes on the properties of coal as an enhanced adsorbent for ciprofloxacin residuals: Steric and energetic studies

A sub-bituminous natural coal sample (R.C) was treated with sulfuric acid (S.C) and nitric acid (N.C) as modified products and enhanced adsorbents for obtaining ciprofloxacin (CFX) antibiotic residuals from water. The characterization studied demonstrates enhancement in the surface area and the incorporation of new active oxygenated, sulfur-bearing, and nitrogen-bearing chemical groups into the structure of coal samples. This was reflected in the adsorption capacities that were enhanced from 164.08 mg/g (R.C) to 489.2 mg/g and 518.5 mg/g for N.C and S.C, respectively. The impact of the acid modification processes was evaluated based on the energetic and steric properties of their adsorption systems considering the parameters of the advanced monolayer equilibrium model with one energy site. The determined occupied active sites’ density of R.C (46.32–61.44 mg/g), N.C (168.7–364.9 mg/g), and S.C (159.2–249.9 mg/g) reflects an increase in the quantities of active centers after the acid treatment processes, especially with HNO3. The higher efficiencies of the active sites of S.C to adsorb more CFX molecules (n = 2.08–2.31) than N.C (n = 1.41–2.16) illustrate its higher adsorption capacity. The energetic investigation [adsorption (˂40 kJ/mol) and Gaussian (˂8 kJ/mol) energies] suggested adsorption of CFX by N.C and S.C mainly by physical processes such as van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, dipole bonding, and π–π interactions. Moreover, the determined thermodynamic functions including entropy, internal energy, and free enthalpy reflect the spontaneous and endothermic uptake of CFX on the surfaces of N.C and S.C

Archaeological Ethnography, Heritage Management, and Community Archaeology: A Pragmatic Approach from Crete

This article examines the introduction of archaeological ethnography as an approach to establish positioned research and bring context-specific and reflexive considerations into community archaeology projects. It considers recent cri-tiques of heritage management in archaeology and the role of archaeologists as experts in it, contending that smaller and less prominent sites exist in different contexts and pose different problems than large-scale projects usually addressed in the literature. We describe how the ‘Three Peak Sanctuaries of Central Crete’ project, investigating prehistoric Minoan ritual sites, involves communities and stakeholders and what demands the latter pose on experts in the field. Archae-ological work is always already implicated in local development projects which create and reproduce power hierarchies. It is therefore important that archaeol-ogists maintain their critical distance from official heritage discourses, as they are materialized in development programmes, while at the same time engaging with local expectations and power struggles; they also have to critically address and position their own assumptions. We use examples from our community archae-ology project to propose that these goals can be reached through archaeological ethnographic fieldwork that should precede any archaeological project to inform its methodological decisions, engage stakeholders, and collaboratively shape heritage management strategies

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

Anterior and posterior commissures in agenesis of the corpus callosum: alternative pathways for attention processes?

Developmental absence (agenesis) of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is a congenital brain malformation resulting from disruption of corpus callosum formation, a structure that is crucial for the transfer and integration of information, including attention processes, across the brain. This study aimed to investigate previously proposed candidates for alternative inter-hemispheric pathways in AgCC by examining (1) white matter volume and microstructure of the anterior and posterior commissures in children with AgCC compared to typically developing controls (TDC), and (2) in children with AgCC, examine the associations of white matter volume and microstructure of the anterior and posterior commissures and any remaining corpus callosum with attention processes. Participants were 21 children with AgCC (13 complete, 8 partial) recruited from The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, and 30 TDC aged 8–17 years. T1-and diffusion-weighted MR sequences were used to calculate volume and microstructural parameters. Neuropsychological testing assessed attention processes. We found the anterior commissure was significantly larger in volume in children with AgCC than TDC (p = .027), with reduced mean FA (p = .001) associated with increased mean RD (p < .001). In children with AgCC, we found microstructural properties of the anterior commissure associated with attentional processes, specifically, mean FA of the anterior commissure was associated with better divided attention (p = .03), and the association between alerting attention and mean AD and RD was found to be moderated by age (p = .027, p = .008) and the degree of corpus callosum agenesis (p = .025, p = .016). Furthermore, in partial AgCC, larger posterior commissure volume was associated with better orienting attention (p = .035). In conclusion, we provide evidence that the volume and microstructure of the anterior commissure are altered in children with AgCC, and this neuroplastic response might have an influence on attention processes

Modelling and Performance Analysis of Electric Car-Sharing Systems Using Petri Nets

Car sharing systems emerged as a new answer to mobility challenges in smart and sustainable cities. Despite their apparent success, design and exploitation of such systems raise crucial strategic and operational challenges. To help planners and decision makers, simulation, analysis and optimization models are unavoidable. Based on the formal modelling and analysis power of stochastic Petri nets, this paper proposes a discrete event simulation model for electric car sharing systems for performance and analysis purposes, taking into account their complex dynamic behaviour, organization and parameters including capacities of the stations, battery and energy availability, locations of charging stations and also their car maintenance activities, not negligible compared to the case of bike-sharing systems

Petri Net-Based Approach for “Cyber” Risks Modelling and Analysis for Industrial Systems

Today, industrial systems are large, complex, and increasingly vulnerable. Specifically, due to the current digital transformation, the industry 4.0 creates crucial cyber-risks and cyber-security challenges. In this context, risk modelling and impact analysis has become a crucial research topic. Based on the formal modelling and performance analysis power of Petri Nets (PN), this paper represents a summary of our methodological approach for “risk” modelling and “impact” analysis of cyber vulnerabilities and / or other critical events. The applicability of the developed approach is demonstrated on a real-life industrial system