101 research outputs found
Selective Hydrogenations and Dechlorinations in Water Mediated by Anionic Surfactant Stabilized Pd Nanoparticles
We report a facile, inexpensive and green method for the preparation of Pd nanoparticles in aqueous medium stabilized by anionic sulfonated surfactants sodium 1-dodecanesulfonate 1a, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 1b, dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt 1c and poly(ethylene glycol) 4-nonylphenyl-3-sulfopropyl ether potassium salt 1d simply obtained by stirring aqueous solutions of Pd(OAc)2 with the commercial anionic surfactants further treated under hydrogen atmosphere for variable times. The aqueous Pd nanoparticles solutions were tested in the selective hydrogenation reactions of aryl-alcohols, -aldehydes and -ketones leading to complete conversion to the deoxygenated products even in the absence of strong BrĂžnsted acids in the reduction of aromatic aldehydes and ketones, in the controlled semi-hydrogenation of alkynes leading to alkenes and in the efficient hydro-dechlorination of aromatic substrates. In all cases the micellar media were crucial to stabilize the metal nanoparticles, to dissolve substrates, to steer product selectivity and to enable recycling. What is interesting is also that a benchmark catalyst like Pd/C can be often surpassed in activity and/or selectivity in the reactions tested by simply switching to the appropriate commercially available surfactant, thereby providing an easy to use, flexible and practical catalytic system capable of efficiently addressing a variety of synthetically significant hydrogenation reactions
Hydration of aromatic alkynes catalyzed by a self-assembled hexameric organic capsule
The combination of a Bronsted acid catalyst and a supramolecular organic capsule formed by the self-assembly of six resorcin[ 4] arene units efficiently promotes the mild hydration of aromatic alkynes to their corresponding ketones. The capsule provides a suitable nanoenvironment that favors protonation of the substrate and addition of water
Aqueous biphasic treatment of some nitrocompounds with hydrogen in the presence of a biogenerated Pd-polysaccharide
A strain of Klebsiella oxytoca BAS-10, known to produce a specific exopolysaccharide (EPS), when grown aerobically in static mode in the presence of Pd(NO3)(2), generated the species Pd-EPS that was used as catalyst precursor in the aqueous biphasic treatment of some nitrocompounds with hydrogen. Nitrobenzene was hydrogenated to aniline with almost quantitative yields and the catalyst, embedded in the aqueous phase, was used with success and with near the same efficiency in three recycling experiments. In the case of 1-iodo-4-nitrobenzene only nitrobenzene was obtained while the unsaturated nitro compound beta-methyl-beta-nitrostyrene afforded both the corresponding oxime and the saturated nitro derivative
Magnetic Properties of Ab initio Model for Iron-Based Superconductors LaFeAsO
By using variational Monte Carlo method, we examine an effective low-energy
model for LaFeAsO derived from an ab initio downfolding scheme. We show that
quantum and many-body fluctuations near a quantum critical point largely reduce
the antiferromagnetic (AF) ordered moment and the model not only quantitatively
reproduces the small ordered moment in LaFeAsO, but also explains the diverse
dependence on LaFePO, BaFe2As2 and FeTe. We also find that LaFeAsO is under
large orbital fluctuations, sandwiched by the AF Mott insulator and weakly
correlated metals. The orbital fluctuations and Dirac-cone dispersion hold keys
for the diverse magnetic properties.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Micellar Nanoreactors
As clearly described in the series of illustrative examples
reported above, the use of micellar environments in catalysis
is not just a soapy version of homogeneous catalysis.71
Micelles behave much more as nanoreactors characterized
by unique features with all the extra advantages intrinsic
in the use of water as solvent. Micellar catalysis has
been demonstrated to be suitable to almost all classes of
chemical transformations, in particular for a wide range of
reactions promoted by metal complexes or organometallic
species, also with impressive examples in asymmetric
catalysis.
The great advantage of using catalysts already developed
for use in organic media without the need of ligand
modifications to make the catalyst compatible with water,
together with the self-assembling nature of surfactants,
is the key factor for the success of micellar catalysis with
metal species. The surfactant is not just a spectator as
usually the solvent is believed to be, rather it directs the
overall system. A critical balance between catalyst, substrate,
and surfactant properties must be analyzed in detail
in order to ensure high yield, selectivity, and recyclability.
It can be predicted that, thanks to their generally low cost,
surfactants will soon find some applications in large-scale
synthetic methods suitable for industrial applications
Chirality induction from a chiral guest to the hydrogen bonding network of its hexameric resorcinarene host capsule
The hexameric capsule of resorcin[4]arene 1 is capable of encapsulating tertiary amines, which has recently been used in the application of [( 1 ) 6 (H 2 O) 8 ] as (co-)catalyst in various asymmetric reactions. However, not much is known about the highly asymmetric but conformationally very dynamic structure of the capsule after uptake of chiral molecules. Therefore, in this contribution, we utilize electronic circular dichroism and vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy to investigate how several chiral guest molecules affect the structural preferences of the capsule [( 1 ) 6 (H 2 O) 8 ]. In particular, we show that one small chiral amine encapsulated in [( 1 ) 6 (H 2 O) 8 ] is sufficient to control and dictate the stereochemical preferences of the entire capsule. Furthermore, neither strong ÏâÏ interactions nor a significant steric bulk are required for this induction. The observation of such a chiral imprint of the guest's stereochemistry onto its host molecule is expected to have implications also for other supramolecular capsules
Artificial graphene as a tunable Dirac material
Artificial honeycomb lattices offer a tunable platform to study massless
Dirac quasiparticles and their topological and correlated phases. Here we
review recent progress in the design and fabrication of such synthetic
structures focusing on nanopatterning of two-dimensional electron gases in
semiconductors, molecule-by-molecule assembly by scanning probe methods, and
optical trapping of ultracold atoms in crystals of light. We also discuss
photonic crystals with Dirac cone dispersion and topologically protected edge
states. We emphasize how the interplay between single-particle band structure
engineering and cooperative effects leads to spectacular manifestations in
tunneling and optical spectroscopies.Comment: Review article, 14 pages, 5 figures, 112 Reference
Host-Catalyzed CyclodehydrationâRearrangement Cascade Reaction of Unsaturated Tertiary Alcohols
The BrĂžnsted acidic resorcin[4]arene hexamer can be applied as an effective catalyst in the dehydrative cyclization and subsequent rearrangement of unsaturated tertiary alcohols. This is the first report on catalyzing such a reaction with a BrĂžnsted acid. Scope and limitations of this cyclopentene-forming reaction sequence are presented. Furthermore, substrate-selective conversion as well as competitive inhibition are described and provide evidence that the reactions proceed within the cavity of the self-assembled structure. Additionally, a cyclobutanone-forming intramolecular hydride transfer of an encapsulated cyclopropyl acetate is reported
Electronic Structure Calculation by First Principles for Strongly Correlated Electron Systems
Recent trends of ab initio studies and progress in methodologies for
electronic structure calculations of strongly correlated electron systems are
discussed. The interest for developing efficient methods is motivated by recent
discoveries and characterizations of strongly correlated electron materials and
by requirements for understanding mechanisms of intriguing phenomena beyond a
single-particle picture. A three-stage scheme is developed as renormalized
multi-scale solvers (RMS) utilizing the hierarchical electronic structure in
the energy space. It provides us with an ab initio downfolding of the global
band structure into low-energy effective models followed by low-energy solvers
for the models. The RMS method is illustrated with examples of several
materials. In particular, we overview cases such as dynamics of semiconductors,
transition metals and its compounds including iron-based superconductors and
perovskite oxides, as well as organic conductors of kappa-ET type.Comment: 44 pages including 38 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. as an
invited review pape
Effect of water and lipophilic alcohols or amines on the 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid-catalyzed esterifications, trans- esterifications, and amidations
4âDodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) was employed in the esterification of oleic acid (OA) and the transâesterification of oleic oil (OO) with 1âbutanol as alcohol in the presence of various degrees of excess water. Under these conditions DBSA was found to be a highly active esterification catalyst regardless of excess water content, but was found to be a less effective for transâesterification reactions. Lipophilic alcohols of differing straight and branched C3â6 chains were also tested on mixtures of OA/water (1:1) in DBSAâcatalyzed esterifications; OO/water (1:1) in transâesterifications; and OA/OO/water (1:1:1) in simultaneous esterifications and transâesterifications. While longer straight chain alcohols generally gave a twoâfold increase in yield of their corresponding alkyl oleates to 80%+, we observed a doubling from 30â50% to 60â95% of alkyl oleate yield for the OO/OA/water mixture. DBSAâcatalyzed amidations of OO and methyl oleate emulsions in water were conducted with 1âbutyl and 1âheptyl amine where it was found that the more lipophilic the ester moiety the higher the yield of alkyl amide
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