The socio-demographic factors influencing NTCA immigrants’ accessibility to Mexico’s health care system

Mexico’s geographical location has made the country play a centric role in trans-national migration from the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA) comprising Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. As a result, immigration has increasingly become a political issue for Mexico over the past decades[1]. Before the eruption of the Central American crisis in the 1980s, Mexico’s southern border with Guatemala was recognized for its openness. However, such a tolerating status-quo changed as the number of NTCA immigrants entering Mexico increased upon the exacerbation of the crisis that placed thousands of individuals in exile. Indeed, the turmoil during the Central American crisis that took place in the 80’s heavily impacted the region as a whole, catalyzing social conflict and displacement. The impact of the civil wars took a toll on a substantial portion of the local population; even after the gradual establishment of peace started taking place, NTCA immigrants continuously entered Mexico for economic rather than humanitarian reasons. Before the ratification of The New Migration Law (Ley de Migración), The 1974 General Population Law was systematically structured as a coping mechanism for the challenges of the era mainly stemming from a rapid increase in population. With this Law, Mexico virtually made it difficult for immigrants to enter the country. On July 21, 2008 however, irregular migration was decriminalized. A series of claims made by the Mexican society to reform the law to improve policy coherence and implementation measures in an immigrant-friendly manner led to the enactment of the New Migration Law on May 25th, 2011. This law in essence turned out to emphasize the protection of the immigrant’s human rights. This project seeks to determine the factors that affect the NTCA immigrant workers’ accessibility to Mexico’s health care system. The research will analyze two data sets: The Mexican Census of 2010 and the Intercensal Survey of 2015. The purpose of this analysis is to assess whether The New Migration Law has effectively been implemented from the lenses of health care. The hypothesis prior to conducting the analysis was that NTCA immigrants acquired increased access to Mexico’s healthcare system. However, findings show that despite the shift in Law, health care access remains restricted for the NTCA immigrants. This project argues that despite the increased efforts to welcome immigrants into the country, poor governance; extended xenophobia and towards immigrants are the crucial factors that impede effective implementation of law through the lenses of health care accessibility. [1]Mexico has traditionally been a sending country and emigration has been the central issue for local migration policy. However, this changed during the 2008-2009 crisis, when returning migration from the United States became the source of the largest inflow entering Mexico

The socio-demographic factors influencing NTCA immigrants\u27 accessibility to Mexico\u27s health care system

Mexico’s geographical location has made the country play a centric role in trans-national migration from the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA) comprising Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. As a result, immigration has increasingly become a political issue for Mexico over the past decades[1]. Before the eruption of the Central American crisis in the 1980s, Mexico’s southern border with Guatemala was recognized for its openness. However, such a tolerating status-quo changed as the number of NTCA immigrants entering Mexico increased upon the exacerbation of the crisis that placed thousands of individuals in exile. Indeed, the turmoil during the Central American crisis that took place in the 80’s heavily impacted the region as a whole, catalyzing social conflict and displacement. The impact of the civil wars took a toll on a substantial portion of the local population; even after the gradual establishment of peace started taking place, NTCA immigrants continuously entered Mexico for economic rather than humanitarian reasons. Before the ratification of The New Migration Law (Ley de Migración), The 1974 General Population Law was systematically structured as a coping mechanism for the challenges of the era mainly stemming from a rapid increase in population. With this Law, Mexico virtually made it difficult for immigrants to enter the country. On July 21, 2008 however, irregular migration was decriminalized. A series of claims made by the Mexican society to reform the law to improve policy coherence and implementation measures in an immigrant-friendly manner led to the enactment of the New Migration Law on May 25th, 2011. This law in essence turned out to emphasize the protection of the immigrant’s human rights. Hence, the research question is: what are the socio-demographic factors that indicate the change in health care access of immigrants from the Central American Northern Triangle in Mexico before and after the promulgation of The New Migration Law?This project seeks to determine the factors that affect the NTCA immigrant workers’ accessibility to Mexico’s health care system. The research will analyze two data sets: The Mexican Census of 2010 and the Intercensal Survey of 2015. The purpose of this analysis is to assess whether The New Migration Law has effectively been implemented from the lenses of health care. The hypothesis prior to conducting the analysis was that NTCA immigrants acquired increased access to Mexico’s healthcare system. However, findings show that despite the shift in Law, health care access remains restricted for the NTCA immigrants. This project argues that despite the increased efforts to welcome immigrants into the country, poor governance; extended xenophobia and towards immigrants are the crucial factors that impede effective implementation of law through the lenses of health care accessibility. [1]Mexico has traditionally been a sending country and emigration has been the central issue for local migration policy. However, this changed during the 2008-2009 crisis, when returning migration from the United States became the source of the largest inflow entering Mexico

The Mizoroki-Heck Reaction with Internal Olefins: Reactivities and Stereoselectivities

The Mizoroki‐Heck reaction is one of the most valuable reactions for functionalizing C−C double bonds in the presence of a Pd catalyst. This protocol is suitable for the reaction of a C(sp^{2})-halide with a terminal olefin to produce a trans‐1,2‐disubstituted olefin. However, reports of the Mizoroki‐Heck reaction of internal olefins are rare and impractical due to the low reactivity of internal olefins and problems of product diastereoselectivity. In this review, we summarize Mizoroki‐Heck reactions of internal olefins with aryl or alkyl halides to illustrate their reactivities and stereoselectivities

Hybrid Reaction Systems for the Synthesis of Alkylated Compounds based upon Cu-catalyzed Coupling of Radicals and Organometallic Species

A transition metal catalyzed alkylation with an alkyl halide is one of the most difficult reactions to achieve, because of the difficult oxidative addition of an alkyl‐halogen bond to a metal, and the tendency of the resulting alkylmetal intermediate to undergo a β‐hydride elimination reaction to give an olefin. In this review, we discuss hybrid reaction systems involving Cu catalyzed combination of radicals and organometallic species, which enable facile alkylation reactions to construct C−C and C‐heteroatom bonds. This paper highlights recent progress in arylation, alkenylation, alkynylation, cyclization, addition and introduction of heteroatoms via these hybrid reaction systems

Corrosion Damage Analysis and Material Characterization of Sherman and Centaur - The Historic Military Tanks

A study of corrosion damage and material characterization of two historic military tanks, the Sherman and Centaur is reported. Experiments were conducted to analyse surface corrosion and corrosion propagation from surface to sub-surface. Significant surface corrosion was found, this phenomenon was further facilitated by delamination failure mechanisms. Corrosion depth for the Sherman was approximately 110 µm, where sulphide inclusions were detected in the sub-surface analysis. The Centaur’s analysis showed corrosion pits at 100 µm depth. These pits possess random geometrical configurations with evidence of sulfur, sodium and calcium

Modeling and emergence of flapping flight of butterfly based on experimental measurements

The objective of this paper is to clarify the principle of stabilization in flapping-of-wing flight of a butterfly, which is a rhythmic and cyclic motion. For this purpose, a dynamics model of a butterfly is derived by Lagrange’s method, where the butterfly is considered as a rigid multi-body system. For the aerodynamic forces, a panel method is applied. Validity of the mathematical models is shown by an agreement of the numerical result with the measured data. Then, periodic orbits of flapping-of-wing flights are searched in order to fly the butterfly models. Almost periodic orbits are obtained, but the model in the searched flapping-of-wing flight is unstable. This research, then, studies how the wake-induced flow and the flexibly torsional wing’s effect on the flight stability. Numerical simulations demonstrate that both the wake-induced flow and the flexible torsion reduces the flight instability. Because the obtained periodic flapping-of-wing flight is unstable, a feedback control system is designed, and a stable flight is realized