Violencia del crimen organizado relacionada a los sectores económicos en México. Una propuesta de categorización

La violencia ocasionada por el crimen organizado se ha constituido como uno de los principales problemas en México en los últimos años; adicionalmente a las pérdidas humanas que ocasiona, afecta a las actividades económicas, lo cual disminuye la calidad de vida de la población. En el presente documento se presenta una clasificación de las conductas violentas que el crimen organizado realiza y que afectan a los sectores económicos en México, la cual se elaboró mediante un análisis de contenido con la ayuda del software MaxQDA. La clasificación final consiste en 17 conductas, las que son descritas identificándose el sector gubernamental que resulta ser el más afectado

Ética, productividad humanista y desarrollo sustentable

1 archivo PDF (16 páginas). magyetnMediante las aportaciones de algunos pensadores con criterio integrador, con una misma preocupación por el incierto porvenir de nuestro planeta y por las dificultades actuales para la preservación y la recuperación de la vida digna en muchas regiones, se ha desarrollado el presente trabajo, cuyo principal propósito es el de colaborar con la reflexión académica del desarrollo sustentable. Se parte de dos concepciones diferentes de lo que se entiende por desarrollo sustentable: una reduccionista, apegada a una visión parcial, mecanicista y proclive a la explotación de los recursos naturales y humanos para generar riqueza como meta por sí misma, y no como medio para lograr la productividad humana, más pragmática pero alienada; la otra holística, acorde con categorías éticas universales, menos aceptada pero rectificadora. La argumentación se complementa con la exposición de experiencias personales de los colaboradores en la elaboración de este documento, quienes están insertos en el centro político, económico y cultural de México. ABSTRACT: Through the contributions of some thinkers with an integrative approach and a common concern about the uncertain future of our planet and the current difficulties in the preservation and restoration of decent life in many regions, the present work has been developed with the main purpose of collaborating with the academic reflection of sustainable development. The article starts with two different conceptions from what is understood for sustainable development: a reductionistic, attached to a view that is partial, mechanical and prone to exploitation of natural and human resources to generate wealth as the main goal rather than as means to human productivity, more pragmatic but alienated; the other holistic, in accordance with universal ethical categories, less accepted but rectifiable. The argument is complemented by the exposure of personal experiences of the collaborators of this document, who are present in the political, economic and cultural development of Mexico. PALABRAS CLAVE: Desarrollo sustentable, ética, ecología, productividad humanista. KEYWORDS: Sustainable development, ethics, ecology, humanistic productivity

Violencia del crimen organizado relacionada a los sectores económicos en México. Una propuesta de categorización

La violencia ocasionada por el crimen organizado se ha constituido como uno de los principales problemas en México en los últimos años; adicionalmente a las pérdidas humanas que ocasiona, afecta a las actividades económicas, lo cual disminuye la calidad de vida de la población. En el presente documento se presenta una clasificación de las conductas violentas que el crimen organizado realiza y que afectan a los sectores económicos en México, la cual se elaboró mediante un análisis de contenido con la ayuda del software MaxQDA. La clasificación final consiste en 17 conductas, las que son descritas identificándose el sector gubernamental que resulta ser el más afectado.Violence caused by organized crime has become one of the main problems in Mexico in recent years, in addition to causing human losses, affects economic activities which decreases the quality of life of the population. This paper presents a classification of violent behaviors performed by organized crime affecting economic sectors in Mexico, which was developed starting from a content analysis with the aid of MaxQDA software. The final classification consists of 17 behaviors which are described by identifying the government sector that is the most affected.A violência causada pelo crime organizado tornou-se um dos principais problemas no México nos últimos anos, além de causar perdas humanas, afeta as atividades econômicas que diminui a qualidade de vida da população. Este artigo apresenta aqui uma classificação do comportamento violento que o crime organizado faz que afetam os setores econômicos no México, que foi desenvolvido por meio de uma análise de conteúdo com a ajuda de software MaxQDA. A classificação final é composto por 17 comportamentos que são descritos, identificando o setor governamental mais afetado

El papel de la energía renovable en la competitividad un bosquejo de México

La relación entre la energía y el desarrollo parece incuestionable. Entre más energía y más requerimientos tecnológicos haya que poner en juego para producirla, más avanzados se consideran los países. Sin embargo, los criterios están cambiando aceleradamente, aunque sin las repercusiones esperadas por los defensores de la competitividad.En este artículo se presenta un panorama global del bienestar de los seres vivos mediante la sustitución de las energías provenientes de los fósiles y de la fisión nuclear por energía renovable (er). Se prosigue con una serie de argumentaciones sobre el papel que desempeñan las energías renovables en la competitividad sustentable en relación con la competitividad efímera. Finalizamos con una breve descripción de la posición de México en el renglón de la er, la cual ofrece un marco para una reflexión crítica de las restricciones de la sustentabilidad en Méxic

La competitividad y sus conexiones paradójicas

Las organizaciones intentan ser competitivas en función de los mercados, aunque carezcan de una perspectiva clara de las consecuencias globales de sus esfuerzos al respecto. Este trabajo es una invitación para refl exionar sobre las paradojas de la competitividad, de las cuales se han escogido aquellas que permanecen ocultas en mayor o menor grado en los programas competitivos de las organizaciones: competitividad personal o competitividad organizacional; la organización como una maquinaria bien diseñada y operada efi cientemente, o la organización como un ser vivo; la competitividad basada en el crecimiento o en el decrecimiento, la competitividad mediante la explotación de la naturaleza o la competitividad ecológica; la competitividad como medio o como fi n. A través de las aportaciones de prestigiosos estudiosos de las organizaciones se ha conjuntado un acervo crítico pero propositivo para ampliar el horizonte de la competitividad a favor de la productividad humana

Sistema para la investigación académica

Generally, documental research depends on written bibliographical note cards that help find important text for a given research. However, the manual search for frequently used data such as author, publisher, topic, gets complicated as records increase resulting in a time consuming process that hinders the desired brainstorming. The software here presented solves two main issues: it allows a smoother and quicker data entry, and the flexibility to search by multiple criteria matching information for a specific author, publisher, topic, subtopic and date. The software also eases text transcription and builds the documental references that will be cited on research papers. The software is based on the object oriented (OO) programming philosophy using Microsoft Access as a widely used relational database system.Tradicionalmente la investigación documental ha dependido de la elaboración de fichas manuscritas cuya estructura permita la localización de textos que sean importantes para cualquier trabajo que se base en aportaciones bibliohemerográficas. Sin embargo, la localización manual de las fichas por autor, editorial, tema, o sub-tema se dificulta conforme su número se incrementa, obstaculizándose el aprovechamiento de ideas y aportaciones valiosas contenidas en fichas cuya ubicación física requiere mucho tiempo y re-lecturas. El módulo de fichas que aquí se presenta resuelve dos aspectos fundamentales de los ficheros: permite una elaboración mucho más rápida de las fichas y proporciona, en cualquier momento, la posibilidad de realizar consultas exhaustivas por múltiples criterios de búsqueda, a través de los propios textos o de cualesquiera de las combinaciones de los datos inherentes a las fichas, así, por ejemplo, se puede seleccionarse fichas correspondientes a un o varios autores, editoriales, temas, sub-temas, y fechas determinadas. Además, el módulo facilita la transcripción de los textos, registra el uso de los mismos y construye las referencias bibliohemerográficas que acompañan a los trabajos d investigación; todo ello conforme a las fichas seleccionadas para un determinado propósito. El módulo está desarrollado epistémicamente mediante la Orientación a Objetos (OO) y técnicamente a través de la utilización de Access como un manejador de base de datos de uso generalizado. Uno de los propósitos principales de este trabajo es el de motivar un reencuentro con uno de los instrumentos más necesarios para realizar investigación científica

Effect of viral storm in patients admitted to intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in Spain: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study

Background: The contribution of the virus to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between viral RNA load in plasma and host response, complications, and deaths in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: We did a prospective cohort study across 23 hospitals in Spain. We included patients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to an intensive care unit between March 16, 2020, and Feb 27, 2021. RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid region 1 (N1) was quantified in plasma samples collected from patients in the first 48 h following admission, using digital PCR. Patients were grouped on the basis of N1 quantity: VIR-N1-Zero (2747 N1 copies per mL). The primary outcome was all-cause death within 90 days after admission. We evaluated odds ratios (ORs) for the primary outcome between groups using a logistic regression analysis. Findings: 1068 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 117 had insufficient plasma samples and 115 had key information missing. 836 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 403 (48%) were in the VIR-N1-Low group, 283 (34%) were in the VIR-N1-Storm group, and 150 (18%) were in the VIR-N1-Zero group. Overall, patients in the VIR-N1-Storm group had the most severe disease: 266 (94%) of 283 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 116 (41%) developed acute kidney injury, 180 (65%) had secondary infections, and 148 (52%) died within 90 days. Patients in the VIR-N1-Zero group had the least severe disease: 81 (54%) of 150 received IMV, 34 (23%) developed acute kidney injury, 47 (32%) had secondary infections, and 26 (17%) died within 90 days (OR for death 0·30, 95% CI 0·16-0·55; p<0·0001, compared with the VIR-N1-Storm group). 106 (26%) of 403 patients in the VIR-N1-Low group died within 90 days (OR for death 0·39, 95% CI 0·26-0·57; p<0·0001, compared with the VIR-N1-Storm group). Interpretation: The presence of a so-called viral storm is associated with increased all-cause death in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe COVID-19. Preventing this viral storm could help to reduce poor outcomes. Viral storm could be an enrichment marker for treatment with antivirals or purification devices to remove viral components from the blood.This work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FONDO-COVID19, COV20/00110, CIBERES, 06/06/0028; AT), Proyectos de Investigación en Salud (PI19/00590; JFB-M), Miguel Servet (CP20/00041; DdG-C), Sara Borrell (CD018/0123; APT), and Predoctorales de Formación en Investigación en Salud (FI20/00278; AdF). We also received funds from Programa de Donaciones Estar Preparados, UNESPA (Madrid, Spain), and from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR OV2–170357; DJK and JFB-M), Research Nova Scotia, Li-Ka Shing Foundation (DJK), and finally by a Research Grant 2020 from ESCMID (APT). COV20/00110, PI19/00590, CP20/00041, CD018/0123, FI20/00278 were co-funded by European Regional Development Fund and European Social Fund (A way to make Europe, and Investing in your future). We thank the IRB-Lleida Biobank 119 (B.0000682) and Plataforma Biobancos PT17/0015/0027 in Lleida, the Hospital Clinic Barcelona (HCB)-IDIBAPS biobank in Barcelona, and the National DNA Bank and the Hospital Universitario de Salamanca biobank (both in Salamanca) for their logistical support with sample processing and storage. We are indebted to the Fundació Glòria Soler for its contribution and support to the COVIDBANK of HCBIDIBAPS Biobank. This work was not supported by any pharmaceutical company or other agency.S

Effect of viral storm in patients admitted to intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in Spain: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study

Background: The contribution of the virus to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between viral RNA load in plasma and host response, complications, and deaths in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: We did a prospective cohort study across 23 hospitals in Spain. We included patients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to an intensive care unit between March 16, 2020, and Feb 27, 2021. RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid region 1 (N1) was quantified in plasma samples collected from patients in the first 48 h following admission, using digital PCR. Patients were grouped on the basis of N1 quantity: VIR-N1-Zero ([removed]2747 N1 copies per mL). The primary outcome was all-cause death within 90 days after admission. We evaluated odds ratios (ORs) for the primary outcome between groups using a logistic regression analysis. Findings: 1068 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 117 had insufficient plasma samples and 115 had key information missing. 836 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 403 (48%) were in the VIR-N1-Low group, 283 (34%) were in the VIR-N1-Storm group, and 150 (18%) were in the VIR-N1-Zero group. Overall, patients in the VIR-N1-Storm group had the most severe disease: 266 (94%) of 283 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 116 (41%) developed acute kidney injury, 180 (65%) had secondary infections, and 148 (52%) died within 90 days. Patients in the VIR-N1-Zero group had the least severe disease: 81 (54%) of 150 received IMV, 34 (23%) developed acute kidney injury, 47 (32%) had secondary infections, and 26 (17%) died within 90 days (OR for death 0·30, 95% CI 0·16–0·55; p<0·0001, compared with the VIR-N1-Storm group). 106 (26%) of 403 patients in the VIR-N1-Low group died within 90 days (OR for death 0·39, 95% CI 0·26–0·57; p[removed]11 página

A blood microRNA classifier for the prediction of ICU mortality in COVID-19 patients: a multicenter validation study

Background: The identification of critically ill COVID-19 patients at risk of fatal outcomes remains a challenge. Here, we first validated candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for clinical decision-making in critically ill patients. Second, we constructed a blood miRNA classifier for the early prediction of adverse outcomes in the ICU. Methods: This was a multicenter, observational and retrospective/prospective study including 503 critically ill patients admitted to the ICU from 19 hospitals. qPCR assays were performed in plasma samples collected within the first 48 h upon admission. A 16-miRNA panel was designed based on recently published data from our group. Results: Nine miRNAs were validated as biomarkers of all-cause in-ICU mortality in the independent cohort of critically ill patients (FDR < 0.05). Cox regression analysis revealed that low expression levels of eight miRNAs were associated with a higher risk of death (HR from 1.56 to 2.61). LASSO regression for variable selection was used to construct a miRNA classifier. A 4-blood miRNA signature composed of miR-16-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-323a-3p and miR-451a predicts the risk of all-cause in-ICU mortality (HR 2.5). Kaplan‒Meier analysis confirmed these findings. The miRNA signature provides a significant increase in the prognostic capacity of conventional scores, APACHE-II (C-index 0.71, DeLong test p-value 0.055) and SOFA (C-index 0.67, DeLong test p-value 0.001), and a risk model based on clinical predictors (C-index 0.74, DeLong test-p-value 0.035). For 28-day and 90-day mortality, the classifier also improved the prognostic value of APACHE-II, SOFA and the clinical model. The association between the classifier and mortality persisted even after multivariable adjustment. The functional analysis reported biological pathways involved in SARS-CoV infection and inflammatory, fibrotic and transcriptional pathways. Conclusions: A blood miRNA classifier improves the early prediction of fatal outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients.11 página