332 research outputs found
Controlling the dominant magnetic relaxation mechanisms for magnetic hyperthermia in bimagnetic core-shell nanoparticles
We report a simple and effective way to control the heat generation of a magnetic colloid under alternate magnetic fields by changing the shell composition of bimagnetic core-shell Fe 3 O 4 /Zn x Co 1-x Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. The core-shell structure constitutes a magnetically-coupled biphase system, with an effective anisotropy that can be tuned by the substitution of Co 2+ by Zn 2+ ions in the shell. Magnetic hyperthermia experiments of nanoparticles dispersed in hexane and butter oil showed that the magnetic relaxation is dominated by Brown relaxation mechanism in samples with higher anisotropy (i.e., larger concentration of Co within the shell) yielding high specific power absorption values in low viscosity media as hexane. Increasing the Zn concentration of the shell, diminishes the magnetic anisotropy, which results in a change to a NĂ©el relaxation that dominates the process when the nanoparticles are dispersed in a high-viscosity medium. We demonstrate that tuning the Zn contents at the shell of these exchange-coupled core/shell nanoparticles provides a way to control the magnetic anisotropy without loss of saturation magnetization. This ability is an essential prerequisite for most biomedical applications, where high viscosities and capturing mechanisms are present. This journal i
Exploratory Behavior, Trap Models and Glass Transitions
A random walk is performed on a disordered landscape composed of sites
randomly and uniformly distributed inside a -dimensional hypercube. The
walker hops from one site to another with probability proportional to , where is the inverse of a formal temperature and
is an arbitrary cost function which depends on the hop distance .
Analytic results indicate that, if and , there
exists a glass transition at . Below
, the average trapping time diverges and the system falls into an
out-of-equilibrium regime with aging phenomena. A L\'evy flight scenario and
applications to exploratory behavior are considered.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, new versio
Magnetic hyperthermia experiments with magnetic nanoparticles in clarified butter oil and paraffin: A thermodynamic analysis
In specific power absorption models for magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) experiments, the magnetic relaxation time of nanoparticles (NPs) is known to be a fundamental descriptor of the heating mechanisms. The relaxation time is mainly determined by the interplay between the magnetic properties of NPs and the rheological properties of NPsâ environment. Although the role of magnetism in MFH has been extensively studied, the thermal properties of the NP medium and their changes during MFH experiments have been underrated so far. Herein, we show that ZnxFe3-xO4 NPs dispersed through different media with phase transition in the temperature range of experiment as clarified butter oil (CBO) and paraffin. These systems show nonlinear behavior of the heating rate within the temperature range of MFH experiments. For CBO, a fast increase at ~306 K is associated with changes in the viscosity (Âż(T)) and specific heat (cp(T)) of the medium at its melting temperature. This increment in the heating rate takes place around 318 K for paraffin. The magnetic and morphological characterization of NPs together with the observed agglomeration of NPs above 306 and 318 K for CBO and paraffin, respectively, indicate that the fast increase in MFH curves could not be associated with the change in the magnetic relaxation mechanism, with NeĂ©l relaxation being dominant. In fact, successive experimental runs performed up to temperatures below and above the CBO and paraffin melting points resulted in different MFH curves due to agglomeration of NPs driven by magnetic field inhomogeneity during the experiments. Our results highlight the relevance of the thermodynamic properties of the system NP-medium for an accurate measurement of the heating efficiency for in vitro and in vivo environments, where the thermal properties are largely variable within the temperature window of MFH experiments
Adjusting the Neel relaxation time of Fe3O4/ZnxCo1-xFe2O4 core/shell nanoparticles for optimal heat generation in magnetic hyperthermia
In this work it is shown a precise way to optimize the heat generation in high viscosity magnetic colloids, by adjusting the Neel relaxation time in core/shell bimagnetic nanoparticles, for magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) applications. To pursue this goal, Fe3O4/ZnxCo1-xFe2O4 core/shell nanoparticles were synthesized with 8.5 nm mean core diameter, encapsulated in a shell of similar to 1.1 nm of thickness, where the Zn atomic ratio (Zn/(Zn + Co) at%) changes from 33 to 68 at%. The magnetic measurements are consistent with a rigid interface coupling between the core and shell phases, where the effective magnetic anisotropy systematically decreases when the Zn concentration increases, without a significant change of the saturation magnetization. Experiments of MFH of 0.1 wt% of these particles dispersed in water, in Dulbecco modified Eagles minimal essential medium, and a high viscosity butter oil, result in a large specific loss power (SLP), up to 150 W g(-1), when the experiments are performed at 571 kHz and 200 Oe. The SLP was optimized adjusting the shell composition, showing a maximum for intermediate Zn concentration. This study shows a way to maximize the heat generation in viscous media like cytosol, for those biomedical applications that require smaller particle sizes
Escaping from cycles through a glass transition
A random walk is performed over a disordered media composed of sites
random and uniformly distributed inside a -dimensional hypercube. The walker
cannot remain in the same site and hops to one of its neighboring sites
with a transition probability that depends on the distance between sites
according to a cost function . The stochasticity level is parametrized by
a formal temperature . In the case , the walk is deterministic and
ergodicity is broken: the phase space is divided in a number of
attractor basins of two-cycles that trap the walker. For , analytic
results indicate the existence of a glass transition at as . Below , the average trapping time in two-cycles diverges and
out-of-equilibrium behavior appears. Similar glass transitions occur in higher
dimensions choosing a proper cost function. We also present some results for
the statistics of distances for Poisson spatial point processes.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Evidence of Color Coherence Effects in W+jets Events from ppbar Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV
We report the results of a study of color coherence effects in ppbar
collisions based on data collected by the D0 detector during the 1994-1995 run
of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, at a center of mass energy sqrt(s) = 1.8
TeV. Initial-to-final state color interference effects are studied by examining
particle distribution patterns in events with a W boson and at least one jet.
The data are compared to Monte Carlo simulations with different color coherence
implementations and to an analytic modified-leading-logarithm perturbative
calculation based on the local parton-hadron duality hypothesis.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Physics Letters
Protocol for collection and separation of bone marrow mononuclear cells in Chlorocebus aethiops
Abstract: Chlorocebus aethiops is a species of non-human primate frequently used in biomedical research. Some research involves this species as an experimental model for various diseases and possible treatment with stem cells. The bone marrow is one of the main sources of these cells and provides easy access. The aim of this study was to standardize the protocol of collection and separation of bone marrow in C. aethiops. Ten animals were submitted to puncture of bone marrow with access to the iliac crest and cell separation by density gradient. The bone marrow of C. aethiops had an average of 97% viability. From the results achieved, we can conclude that C. aethiops is an excellent model to obtain and isolate mononuclear cells from bone marrow, fostering several studies in the field of cell therapy
Measurement of the p-pbar -> Wgamma + X cross section at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV and WWgamma anomalous coupling limits
The WWgamma triple gauge boson coupling parameters are studied using p-pbar
-> l nu gamma + X (l = e,mu) events at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. The data were
collected with the DO detector from an integrated luminosity of 162 pb^{-1}
delivered by the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The cross section times branching
fraction for p-pbar -> W(gamma) + X -> l nu gamma + X with E_T^{gamma} > 8 GeV
and Delta R_{l gamma} > 0.7 is 14.8 +/- 1.6 (stat) +/- 1.0 (syst) +/- 1.0 (lum)
pb. The one-dimensional 95% confidence level limits on anomalous couplings are
-0.88 < Delta kappa_{gamma} < 0.96 and -0.20 < lambda_{gamma} < 0.20.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. D Rapid Communication
Measurement of the ttbar Production Cross Section in ppbar Collisions at sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV using Kinematic Characteristics of Lepton + Jets Events
We present a measurement of the top quark pair ttbar production cross section
in ppbar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV using 230 pb**{-1}
of data collected by the DO detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We
select events with one charged lepton (electron or muon), large missing
transverse energy, and at least four jets, and extract the ttbar content of the
sample based on the kinematic characteristics of the events. For a top quark
mass of 175 GeV, we measure sigma(ttbar) = 6.7 {+1.4-1.3} (stat) {+1.6- 1.1}
(syst) +/-0.4 (lumi) pb, in good agreement with the standard model prediction.Comment: submitted to Phys.Rev.Let
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