Transforming food systems under a changing climate in Latin America: A climate policy review

Agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change, but at the same time, it is the main contributor to climate change Governments have recognized that facing climate change is essential to address a sustainable development pathway, but so far little progress has been achieved Thus there is a need for rapid and transformative actions that tackle climate change impacts while achieving sustainable rural development Nevertheless, the way current policies are addressing actions towards transformative actions is unclear concerning sustainable pathways of food systems in the face of climate change. In this sense, this paper reviews current climate change-related policies of Latin American countries to identify whether they address transformational actions in the agricultural sector or food systems in relation to climate change Research questions include which countries state in their policies transformative actions? Are Latin American national policies in line with their international commitments? In order to answer these questions we used different methods of text analysis applied to the policy framework of Latin American countries to assess the integration level of eight components that Campbell et al 2018 propose in the theory of change to drive the transformation of food systems under climate chang

Transforming food systems under a changing climate in Latin America: A climate policy review

Agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change, but at the same time, it is the main contributor to climate change Governments have recognized that facing climate change is essential to address a sustainable development pathway, but so far little progress has been achieved Thus there is a need for rapid and transformative actions that tackle climate change impacts while achieving sustainable rural development Nevertheless, the way current policies are addressing actions towards transformative actions is unclear concerning sustainable pathways of food systems in the face of climate change. In this sense, this paper reviews current climate change-related policies of Latin American countries to identify whether they address transformational actions in the agricultural sector or food systems in relation to climate change Research questions include which countries state in their policies transformative actions? Are Latin American national policies in line with their international commitments? In order to answer these questions we used different methods of text analysis applied to the policy framework of Latin American countries to assess the integration level of eight components that Campbell et al 2018 propose in the theory of change to drive the transformation of food systems under climate chang

Jet energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma by stream instabilities

We study the evolution of the plasma instabilities induced by two jets of particles propagating in opposite directions and crossing a thermally equilibrated non-Abelian plasma. In order to simplify the analysis we assume that the two jets of partons can be described with uniform distribution functions in coordinate space and by Gaussian distribution functions in momentum space. We find that while crossing the quark-gluon plasma, the jets of particles excite unstable chromomagnetic and chromoelectric modes. These fields interact with the particles (or hard modes) of the plasma inducing the production of currents; thus, the energy lost by the jets is absorbed by both the gauge fields and the hard modes of the plasma. We compare the outcome of the numerical simulations with the analytical calculation performed assuming that the jets of particles can be described by a tsunami-like distribution function. We find qualitative and semi-quantitative agreement between the results obtained with the two methods.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

A influência da diferenciação das relações líder-membro no comprometimento com a unidade de trabalho: o papel mediador do clima de apoio

We investigated whether the influence of LMX differentiation (the extent to which the quality of the leader-member relationships within a work unit varies) on work unit commitment is mediated by support climate. We tested this mediated relationship in a sample composed of 30 health care units. The results obtained showed that LMX differentiation measured at Time 1 was negatively related to work unit support climate measured one year later (Time 2), which in turn was positively related to work unit commitment measured at Time 2. The negative indirect effect of LMX differentiation on work unit commitment through support climate was statistically significant. Our study contributes to having a better understanding of the role of LMX differentiation in work unit functioning.Investigámos se a influência da diferenciação de LMX (o quanto a qualidade das relações de líder-membro dentro de uma unidade de trabalho varia) no comprometimento com a unidade de trabalho é mediada pelo clima de apoio. Testámos essa relação mediada em uma amostra composta por 30 unidades de saúde. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a diferenciação da LMX medida no Tempo 1 foi negativamente relacionada ao clima de suporte da unidade de trabalho medido um ano depois (Tempo 2), que por sua vez foi positivamente relacionado ao comprometimento com a unidade de trabalho medido no Tempo 2. O efeito indireto negativo da diferenciação da LMX no comprometimento com a unidade de trabalho por meio do clima de apoio foi estatisticamente significativo. O nosso estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão do papel da diferenciação do LMX no funcionamento da unidade de trabalho

The Wyoming Survey for H-alpha. III. H-alpha Luminosity Functions at z ~ 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.40

The Wyoming Survey for H-alpha, or WySH, is a large-area, ground-based imaging survey for H-alpha-emitting galaxies at redshifts of z ~ 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.40. The survey spans up to four square degrees in a set of fields of low Galactic cirrus emission, using twin narrowband filters at each epoch for improved stellar continuum subtraction. H-alpha luminosity functions are presented for each Delta(z) ~ 0.02 epoch based on a total of nearly 1200 galaxies. These data clearly show an evolution with lookback time in the volume-averaged cosmic star formation rate. Integrals of Schechter fits to the incompleteness- and extinction-corrected H-alpha luminosity functions indicate star formation rates per co-moving volume of 0.010, 0.013, 0.020, 0.022 h_70 M_sun yr^{-1} Mpc^{-3} at z ~ 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.40, respectively. Statistical and systematic measurement uncertainties combined are on the order of 25% while the effects of cosmic variance are at the 20% level. The bulk of this evolution is driven by changes in the characteristic luminosity L_* of the H-alpha luminosity functions, with L_* for the earlier two epochs being a factor of two larger than L_* at the latter two epochs; it is more difficult with this data set to decipher systematic evolutionary differences in the luminosity function amplitude and faint-end slope. Coupling these results with a comprehensive compilation of results from the literature on emission line surveys, the evolution in the cosmic star formation rate density over 0 < z < 1.5 is measured to be rho_dot_SFR(z) = rho_dot_SFR(0) (1+z)^{3.4+/-0.4}.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

Hodge polynomials of some moduli spaces of Coherent Systems

When $k<n$, we study the coherent systems that come from a BGN extension in which the quotient bundle is strictly semistable. In this case we describe a stratification of the moduli space of coherent systems. We also describe the strata as complements of determinantal varieties and we prove that these are irreducible and smooth. These descriptions allow us to compute the Hodge polynomials of this moduli space in some cases. In particular, we give explicit computations for the cases in which $(n,d,k)=(3,d,1)$ and $d$ is even, obtaining from them the usual Poincar\'e polynomials.Comment: Formerly entitled: "A stratification of some moduli spaces of coherent systems on algebraic curves and their Hodge--Poincar\'e polynomials". The paper has been substantially shorten. Theorem 8.20 has been revised and corrected. Final version accepted for publication in International Journal of Mathematics. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:math/0407523 by other author

A-stable Runge-Kutta methods for semilinear evolution equations

We consider semilinear evolution equations for which the linear part generates a strongly continuous semigroup and the nonlinear part is sufficiently smooth on a scale of Hilbert spaces. In this setting, we prove the existence of solutions which are temporally smooth in the norm of the lowest rung of the scale for an open set of initial data on the highest rung of the scale. Under the same assumptions, we prove that a class of implicit, $A$-stable Runge--Kutta semidiscretizations in time of such equations are smooth as maps from open subsets of the highest rung into the lowest rung of the scale. Under the additional assumption that the linear part of the evolution equation is normal or sectorial, we prove full order convergence of the semidiscretization in time for initial data on open sets. Our results apply, in particular, to the semilinear wave equation and to the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation

3D models related to the publication: Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic contribution of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in armadillos and glyptodonts (Xenarthra, Cingulata)

INTRODUCTION: The phylogeny of the Cingulata has been debated in morphological analyses for a long time (Engelmann, 1985; Gaudin &Wible, 2006; Billet et al., 2011; Delsuc et al., 2016; Mitchell et al., 2016; Herrera et al., 2017) and this incongruence was enriched by the contribution of recent molecular analyses (Delsuc et al., 2016; Mitchell et al., 2016). This is particularly the case for the emblematic group of glyptodonts whose mitochondrial genome was recently assembled (Delsuc et al., 2016; Mitchell et al., 2016). Although the cranial anatomy is relatively well known in xenarthrans, their internal cranial anatomy remains poorly studied. Yet, several studies have shown that their exploration provides systematic interest on their past and present diversity (Zurita et al., 2011; Fernicola et al., 2012; Billet et al., 2015; Tambusso & Fari˜na, 2015a; Tambusso & Fari˜na, 2015b; Billet et al., 2017; Boscaini et al., 2018; Boscaini et al., 2020; Tambusso et al., 2021). In a recent study (Le Verger et al., 2021), we describe and compare 8 cranial canals (involved in the vascularization and innervation of the cranium) and alveolar cavities (Figure 1) of 30 specimens belonging to the Cingulata. In this sampling, all extant subfamilies are represented and several large fossil groups including giant forms such as pampatheres and glyptodonts are represented. For the latter, the oldest complete crania have been studied. A sloth and an anteater were also added to the sample as outgroup. Of the total sample, 3D models of 13 specimens are made available (Table 1). The rest of the specimens are available only upon request from LGR. In this study (Le Verger et al., 2021), we present the comparativ investigation of these intracranial osseous canals and alveolar cavities using X-ray microtomography. Their 3D virtual reconstruction enabled us to compare the locations, trajectories, and shape of each homologous structure and discuss their potential interest for cingulate systematics