Frequência e etiologia da mastite caprina na região do Cariri paraibano

Com o objetivo de estimar a freqüência da mastite caprina e de identificar os principais agentes etiológicos envolvidos na infecção da glândula mamária de cabras leiteiras na Região do Cariri Paraibano, foram examinadas 654 metades mamárias de 327 cabras, provenientes de 15 propriedades. A glândula mamária das cabras em lactação foi examinada e o leite submetido aos testes da caneca telada e do CMT. Nenhuma metade mamária apresentou alteração no exame clínico. Das 654 amostras de leite analisadas, uma (0,15%) apresentou alteração no teste da caneca telada, indicando mastite clínica, e 201 (30,70%) apresentaram algum grau de gelificação (1+, 2+ ou 3+) no teste do CMT, sendo procedida à coleta para lactocultura. Das 201 amostras cultivadas, 45 (22,39%) apresentaram crescimento bacteriano. 6,88% (45/654) das glândulas mamárias examinadas apresentavam mastite subclínica. Na lactocultura, isolouse Staphylococcus spp (84,44%), Streptococcus spp (4,44%), Bacillus spp. (4,44%), Micrococcus spp. (4,44%) e Bastonete Gram negativo (2,22%). Conclui-se que a mastite caprina na região do Cariri Paraibano apresenta o mesmo padrão de outras regiões do Brasil e do mundo, tendo o Staphylococcus spp. como principal agente causal; e que o CMT pode ser utilizado como teste de triagem da saúde da glândula mamária caprina, mas a lactocultura é o método mais indicado para o diagnóstico da mastite subclínica em cabras leiteiras

Semi-static hedging for certain Margrabe type options with barriers

It turns out that in the bivariate Black-Scholes economy Margrabe type options exhibit symmetry properties leading to semi-static hedges of rather general barrier options. Some of the results are extended to variants obtained by means of Brownian subordination. In order to increase the liquidity of the hedging instruments for certain currency options, the duality principle can be applied to set up hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. Since the semi-static hedges in the Black-Scholes economy are exact, closed form valuation formulas for certain barrier options can be easily derived.Comment: 18 page

The association of urinary cadmium with sex steroid hormone concentrations in a general population sample of US adult men

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Studies investigating the association of cadmium and sex steroid hormones in men have been inconsistent, but previous studies were relatively small.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In a nationally representative sample of 1,262 men participating in the morning examination session of phase I (1998–1991) of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, creatinine corrected urinary cadmium and serum concentrations of sex steroid hormones were measured following a standardized protocol.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After adjustment for age and race-ethnicity, higher cadmium levels were associated with higher levels of total testosterone, total estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, estimated free testosterone, and estimated free estradiol (each p-trend < 0.05). After additionally adjusting for smoking status and serum cotinine, none of the hormones maintained an association with urinary cadmium (each p-trend > 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Urinary cadmium levels were not associated with sex steroid hormone concentrations in a large nationally representative sample of US men.</p

The development of a protoplanetary disk from its natal envelope

Class 0 protostars, the youngest type of young stellar objects, show many signs of rapid development from their initial, spheroidal configurations, and therefore are studied intensively for details of the formation of protoplanetary disks within protostellar envelopes. At millimetre wavelengths, kinematic signatures of collapse have been observed in several such protostars, through observations of molecular lines that probe their outer envelopes. It has been suggested that one or more components of the proto-multiple system NGC 1333-IRAS 4 (refs 1, 2) may display signs of an embedded region that is warmer and denser than the bulk of the envelope(3,4). Here we report observations that reveal details of the core on Solar System dimensions. We detect in NGC 1333-IRAS 4B a rich emission spectrum of H2O, at wavelengths 20-37 mu m, which indicates an origin in extremely dense, warm gas. We can model the emission as infall from a protostellar envelope onto the surface of a deeply embedded, dense disk, and therefore see the development of a protoplanetary disk. This is the only example of mid-infrared water emission from a sample of 30 class 0 objects, perhaps arising from a favourable orientation; alternatively, this may be an early and short-lived stage in the evolution of a protoplanetary disk.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62894/1/nature06087.pd

The limited prosocial effects of meditation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Many individuals believe that meditation has the capacity to not only alleviate mental-illness but to improve prosociality. This article systematically reviewed and meta-analysed the effects of meditation interventions on prosociality in randomized controlled trials of healthy adults. Five types of social behaviours were identified: compassion, empathy, aggression, connectedness and prejudice. Although we found a moderate increase in prosociality following meditation, further analysis indicated that this effect was qualified by two factors: type of prosociality and methodological quality. Meditation interventions had an effect on compassion and empathy, but not on aggression, connectedness or prejudice. We further found that compassion levels only increased under two conditions: when the teacher in the meditation intervention was a co-author in the published study; and when the study employed a passive (waiting list) control group but not an active one. Contrary to popular beliefs that meditation will lead to prosocial changes, the results of this meta-analysis showed that the effects of meditation on prosociality were qualified by the type of prosociality and methodological quality of the study. We conclude by highlighting a number of biases and theoretical problems that need addressing to improve quality of research in this area

The Alchemist

JOURThis is the final version of the article. It was first published by IOP Publishing for the Royal Astronomical Society via http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/817/2/167We present a first look at the SCUBA-2 observations of three sub-regions of the Orion B molecular cloud: LDN 1622, NGC 2023/2024, and NGC 2068/2071, from the JCMT Gould Belt Legacy Survey. We identify 29, 564, and 322 dense cores in L1622, NGC 2023/2024, and NGC 2068/2071 respectively, using the SCUBA-2 850 μm map, and present their basic properties, including their peak fluxes, total fluxes, and sizes, and an estimate of the corresponding 450 μm peak fluxes and total fluxes, using the FellWalker source extraction algorithm. Assuming a constant temperature of 20 K, the starless dense cores have a mass function similar to that found in previous dense core analyses, with a Salpeter-like slope at the high-mass end. The majority of cores appear stable to gravitational collapse when considering only thermal pressure; indeed, most of the cores which have masses above the thermal Jeans mass are already associated with at least one protostar. At higher cloud column densities, above 1–2 × 1023 cm‑2, most of the mass is found within dense cores, while at lower cloud column densities, below 1 × 1023 cm‑2, this fraction drops to 10% or lower. Overall, the fraction of dense cores associated with a protostar is quite small (<8%), but becomes larger for the densest and most centrally concentrated cores. NGC 2023/2024 and NGC 2068/2071 appear to be on the path to forming a significant number of stars in the future, while L1622 has little additional mass in dense cores to form many new stars

Determination of the pK(a) of the N-terminal amino group of ubiquitin by NMR

This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (grants U117533887 and grant U117565398 until March 2015) and by the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001142, FC10029), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001142, FC10029), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001142, FC10029)

Peranan pembiayaan bermasalah dalam perspektif manajemen dana: Studi kasus pada BMT Maslahah Mursalah Lill Ummah Cabang Wonorejo Pasuruan

ABSTRAK BMT merupakan pengembangan dari konsep ekonomi Islam terutam dalam bidang keuangan، Salah satu kegiatan dari BMT adalah menghimpun dan menyalurkan dana (pembiayaan). Dalam melakukan pembiayaan tersebut sudah pasti ditemui resiko pembiayaan salah satunya adalah Pembiayaan bermasalah/ dimana dari data yang diperoleh pada BMT MMU Cabang Wonorejo terdapat tingkat Pembiayaan Bermasalah yang tinggi، sehingga menjadikan hal tersebut untuk diangkat menjadi sebuah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan dan komposisi NPL dalam Manajemen Dana. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif Kuantiatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan pembiayaan bermasalah dalam manajemen dana dan komposisi dalam manajemen dana selama periode pengamatan. Alat analisa yang digunakan adalah analisa rasio NPL atau pembiayaan bermasalah dari data kolektibilitas untuk mengetahui prosentase tingkat pembiayaan bermasalah kemudian membandingkan dalam satu periode selama satu tahun. Analisa atau mendeskripsikan sumber dana dan penggunaan dana dengan pendekatan Pool of Funds Approach (pendekatan pusat pengumpulan dana). Berdasarkan alat analisa diatas Pembiayaan bermasalah akan mempengaruhi manajemen dana, dimana pembiayaan bermasalah mempengaruhi pendapatan, yang seharusnya dana yang ditambah margin yang kembali tidak seutuhnya kembali، Ini menyebabkan sumber dana akan berkurang shingga harus menungkat dri sumber dana yang lain yang diperoleh dari tabungan/ depositO/ dana pihak ketiga dan cadangan likuiditas. Dan komposisi pembiayaan bermasalah khususnya dalam golongan macet cukup besar dalam manajemen dana yaitu pada sumber dana yang mempengaruhi sumber dana yang diperoleh

Accumulatie van metalen in planten, een bijdrage aan de evaluatie van de interventiewaarden en locatiespecifieke risicobeoordeling van verontreinigde bodem

De inschatting van de gemiddelde gehalten aan verontreinigende stoffen in gewassen geteeld op verontreinigde bodem is een onderdeel van de standaardberekening van de interventiewaarden. Bij metalen bepaalt de blootstelling via de consumptie van gewassen voor een belangrijk deel het humaantoxicologische risico van verontreinigde bodems. In dit rapport zijn de gemiddelde accumulatiefactoren vastgesteld voor gewassen geteeld in moestuinen op verontreinigde bodems. Hiertoe is een dataset opgebouwd van literatuurgegevens (n=2260). De data zijn beperkt tot velddata van bestaande verontreinigingssituaties, gewassen voor menselijke consumptie en de geconsumeerde delen van deze gewassen. Potproeven en kunstmatige verontreiniging zijn hierbij uitgesloten. De bioconcentratiefactoren (BCF-waarden) zijn berekend voor afzonderlijke gewassen en voor een gemiddeld consumptiepakket. De velddata zijn bepaald bij verschillende bodemeigenschappen en om vergelijkbaar te zijn moeten ze bewerkt worden. Om de correcties naar de standaardbodem te kunnen maken, die gebruikelijk zijn bij de berekening van interventiewaarden, zijn per gewas relaties afgeleid voor de variaties van de BCF-waarden van As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb en Zn met het totaalgehalte in de bodem, zuurgraad en gehalten aan organisch koolstof en lutum. Deze kunnen ook gebruikt worden bij een locatiespecifieke benadering. Bij de berekening resteren nog een aantal onzekerheden: het gewenste traject van totaalgehalten en bodemparameters werd niet altijd afgedekt door de data. In dit geval is niet geextrapoleerd maar is een 'worst case' inschatting gedaan. Ook konden op het bekende traject van data soms geen significante relaties afgeleid worden. In dat geval is uitgegaan van geometrisch gemiddelden. De resultaten van verschillende rekenwijzen zijn vergeleken