Interdisciplinarity in the 1st Cycle of Basic Education: Teachers’ perceptions and practices

Interdisciplinarity is a complex and difficult concept to encapsulate. However, generally speaking, it is recognized to be characterized by a combination of knowledge from various areas, congregated to address a particular issue. Hence, it is particularly promising in the 1st cycle of basic education (CEB) [years 1-4 of schooling], at an educational level where a single teacher works different curricular areas. It is thus necessary to articulate the different content, in order to develop a more complete and whole view of knowledge. The purpose of this communication, therefore, is to reveal an empirical study whose aim is to understand the importance and the meaning that 1st CEB teachers give interdisciplinarity, how often it is carried out, the main difficulties encountered, experiences and the most widely used resources and the curriculum areas where interdisciplinary practices are most evident. For this, a descriptive methodology was used with a survey by questionnaire administered to a representative sample of 45 1st CEB teachers working in a school group in the municipality of Viseu (central region of Portugal). The vast majority are women with over twenty years of service and whose academic qualification is an honour’s degree. The data obtained indicate that teachers’ general understanding of interdisciplinarity is in line with what Pombo et al. (1994) refer, in particular, as a reciprocal exchange and integration between the various disciplines resulting in enriching all of them. It is also in line with Japissu (1976) as a process in which there is an interaction and corresponding influence of some subjects on others. Interdisciplinarity is considered very important by most responding teachers and taken into account in their teaching, although with variable frequency, and it is included in most group plans. Schools and teachers, in particular, are now faced with the need to help their students develop intelligibility frameworks of the real so that they can integrate the diversity of information from different media. The implementation of interdisciplinary practices appears as a relevant strategy, facilitating a more effective pedagogical action, able to respond to the current demands of society.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prática de ensino supervisionada e investigação sobre a interdisciplinaridade no 1º ciclo do ensino básico

O presente relatório final de estágio visa dois objetivos essenciais: fazer uma reflexão crítica sobre a Prática de Ensino Supervisionada realizada durante o segundo e terceiro semestres de Mestrado e, também, analisar as perceções dos professores do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (1.º CEB) relativamente à interdisciplinaridade. Para isso, recorremos ao material por nós elaborado ao longo do estágio, bem como a autores de referência e à legislação em vigor, com a finalidade de refletirmos sobre as nossas práticas e também perceber a forma com a interdisciplinaridade é percecionada e concretizada pelos professores do 1.º CEB. Em termos empíricos, realizámos uma investigação de caráter descritivo, com recurso ao inquérito por questionário. O instrumento, elaborado para o efeito, foi aplicado a professores a lecionarem num agrupamento de escolas do concelho de Viseu. Os dados obtidos permitem concluir que, em geral, os professores entendem a interdisciplinaridade na linha do que Pombo et al. (1994) referenciam, designadamente, como um intercâmbio e integração recíprocos entre as várias disciplinas, de que resulta um enriquecimento de todas elas; e também na perspetiva de Japiassu (1976, citado por Aires, 2011, p. 218), como um processo em que há interação e correspondente influência de umas disciplinas sobre as outras. A interdisciplinaridade é considerada como bastante importante ou muito importante, pela maioria dos docentes inquiridos e é tida em conta nas práticas pedagógicas dos professores deste ciclo, estando incluída na maior parte dos Planos de Turma

Geochemistry of Precambrian black shales from Ossa‑Morena Zone (Portugal): depositional environment and possible source of metals

The paleodepositional environments related to Ediacaran black shales from the Série Negra succession in Ossa-Morena tectonostratigraphic zone were investigated using their geochemical composition to identify the sedimentary sources and depositional conditions. Their potential for assisting the genesis of metal deposits was also discussed. The sedimentary sources of the black shales are related to the break up of a Cadomian magmatic-arc developed in the North Gondwana realm, where the Ossa-Morena Zone was located during late Ediacaran times, showing acidic to mixed signatures. Some ratios were calculated based on redox sensitive elements, indicating both anoxic and oxic paleoenvironmental conditions. The anoxic conditions were predominant and they were identified on samples with higher organic carbon content, emphasizing that the redox conditions favored organic matter preservation and the accumulation of selected metals. Considering the mode of occurrence, the elements Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Se are assumed to be preferentially associated with sulfides, whereas Mo and U are preferentially organically bound. The results reveal that the black shales from the Série Negra succession in Ossa-Morena Zone might represent a source of metals, which were probably remobilized during Variscan events

ORGANIC PETROLOGY OF BLACK SHALES ASSOCIATED WITH Cu MINERALIZATIONS IN OSSA MORENA ZONE, SOUTH PORTUGAL; THE REGIONAL BACKGROUND

Black shales (BS) are dark colored mudrocks with variable amounts of organic matter (OM), which accumulate together with silt- to clay-size particles in environments with reducing conditions. The OM present in rocks may have an active role in mineral diagenesis and in mobilization, transport, concentration, reduction, preservation and deposition of metals. The main goal of this work is to characterize the OM present in BS from three different areas that are spatially associated with Cu mineralization in the Ossa Morena Zone (Iberian Variscides), in order to characterize the regional background related with maturation of organic particles during the Variscan orogeny. The BS samples were collected in Alandroal (near the Mociços and Ferrarias occurrences) and Barrancos (near the Minancos ancient mine) districts, which belong to the Sousel-Barrancos metallogenic belt. These three occurrences correspond to Cu mineralized veins, which result from hydrothermal fluids circulation during late Variscan times. The mineralized veins contain quartz, carbonates and sulfides, and cross-cut Paleozoic metasedimentary sequences, namely the Ordovician-Devonian succession. In these occurrences, supergenic enrichments are common. A total of ten samples of BS were collected in outcrops of Silurian BS from “Xistos com Nódulos” Formation in both districts, all of them near the previous mentioned occurrences, although not or slightly affected by the main mineralized structure. The petrographic analyses to identify and characterize the OM were performed on whole-rock polished blocks prepared under standard procedures. The random reflectance, an indicator of thermal maturation that can be useful to establish the paragenetic sequences of ore deposits, was also measured according to standard procedures. The petrographic observations allowed the identification of vitrinite-like OM particles in all samples. The organic particles are generally thin and elongated, occurring, essentially, interbedded along mineral matter. The inorganic matter is mainly composed by clays and silicate minerals. The presence of iron oxides and carbonates was also identified occurring in association with OM. The mean random reflectance of vitrinite-like particles from Alandroal varies between 2.93% and 3.86% and between 3.34% and 3.38%, respectively near the Mociços and Ferrarias occurrences, and between 2.05% and 5.05% in Barrancos. The petrographic observations revealed some organic particles exhibiting single flakes graphitic features. In addition, some organic particles observed mainly in Barrancos, appear to be remains of zooclasts, such as graptolites. The occurrence of graptolites in the Silurian “Xistos com Nódulos” Formation is described in the literature. These reflectance values should be representative of the regional background related with the regional metamorphic events. However, previous studies about other Cu mineralization in Sousel-Barrancos metallogenic zone indicated that higher reflectance values are obtained closer to the mineralized veins, as a result of thermal processes associated with the genesis of the mineralization and circulation of hydrothermal fluids

LIBERAÇÃO DE FERRO (III) DE MICROESFERAS RETICULADAS DE QUITOSANA

RELEASE OF IRON (III) FROM CROSSLINKED CHITOSAN MICROSPHERES In this work chitosan microspheres were prepared by the simple coacervation method and crosslinked with epichlorhydrin and glutaraldehyde. The effects of the crosslinking agents on chitosan microspheres were assessed with regard to swelling, hydrolysis, porosity, crosslinking, impregnation of iron (III) and consequently release of iron in buffer solution pH 1.2, simulating the gastrointestinal tract. The crosslinked chitosan microspheres containing iron were characterized by spectroscopy Mössbauer, infrared, thermogravometric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Keywords: biopolymer, chitosan, iron (III) complexes, anemiaNeste trabalho microesferas de quitosana reticuladas foram preparadas pelo método de coacervação simples e reticuladas com glutaraldeído e epicloridrina. Os efeitos dos agentes reticulantes nas microesferas foram testados com respeito ao grau de intumescimento, hidrólise, porosidade, reticulação, impregnação do ferro e conseqüente liberação em solução tampão pH 1,2, simulando o trato gastrointestinal. Análises de espectroscopia Mössbauer, infravermelho, análise termogravimétrica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram realizadas para avaliação das estruturas formadas. Palavras chaves: biopolímeros, quitosana, complexos de Fe(III), anemi

Silurian black shales from Sousel-Barrancos Metallogenic Belt (Ossa-Morena Zone, Portugal): Characterization and interplay to Cu deposits

Black shales are commonly spatially associated with metal-rich deposits, wherein organic matter in these rocks may condition or influence the processes related with the concentration of metals and formation of ore deposits. In the Ossa-Morena Zone (South of Portugal), namely in the Sousel-Barrancos metallogenic belt, several Cu mineralized veins occurs, being generally hosted in Silurian metasedimentary units mainly composed of black and grey shales, with interbedded lyddites and black quartzites. This research aims to contribute to the study of the association between those Silurian black shales and the Cu ore deposition in the Sousel-Barrancos metallogenic belt. The petrographic, geochemical and mineralogical analysis of black shales was performed to characterize the organic and inorganic fractions, to investigate elements concentration and its mode of occurrence. The data allow to identify the spatial pattern of thermal maturation of these black shales related to the variability of metamorphic processes, and the studied samples collected in drill cores from Miguel Vacas deposit also allow to identify an irregular pattern of maturation associated to the pathway of hydrothermal fluids. A significant Cu enrichment in black shales in the supergene enrichment domains were identified and data seems to indicate that Cu concentration is not directly related with organic carbon content, probably indicating a distinct source for Cu content. The mobilization of hydrothermal fluids, possibly of magmatic source, contributed to the discrepant maturation of organic matter in black shales

Measuring stress, coping, strain and hopefulness of Brazilian family members of substance misusers:Factor structure of a set of measures

Objectives: We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of a set of measures designed to assess four psychological constructs associated with having a substance misusing relative in the family: the Family Member Impact (FMI), the Symptom Rating Test (SRT), the Coping Questionnaire (COPE) Hopefulness-hopelessness scale (HOPE). Methods: Secondary data from 3056 affected family members (AFMs) was analyzed. Factor structure of the measures and group invariance across gender were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The Brazilian version of COPE showed that a four-factor model with 24 items fit the data better than the original three-factor model with 30 items. The FMI measure showed that a three-factor model is more appropriated to the Brazilian version of the scale than the original two-factor model. HOPE and SRT (29 items) Brazilian’s version had the same two-factor model structure. This set of measures presented full measurement and structural invariance for both male and female. Conclusions: Findings provide support for the structural validity of the Brazilian version of a set of standard measures for the assessment of stress, coping, strain and hopefulness of AFMs by their relatives’ substance misuse. As this is the first study to explore the factorial model of the measures, it provides further support for the use of these instruments for future studies aiming to explore means on supporting AFMs in Brazil and elsewhere.</p

3-D Evaluation of temporary skeletal anchorage sites in the maxilla

The selection of temporary anchorage device (TAD) site can be a challenging task since one should not only consider the 2-D distances between roots, but also the entire 3-D space. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the posterior maxillary regio

Caraterização geoquímica da matéria orgânica de xistos negros associados a mineralização de Cu na Zona Ossa Morena

A ocorrência de xistos negros (XN) está muitas vezes associada a depósitos metálicos com importância económica, nos quais a matéria orgânica (MO) poderá ter desempenhado um papel preponderante nos processos associados à concentração de metais. O principal objectivo deste trabalho é a caracterização geoquímica da fração orgânica de XN associados à mineralização de Cu identificada na antiga Mina de Miguel Vacas (Zona Ossa Morena), contribuindo assim para a compreensão da relação entre a MO e os processos mineralizantes. As metodologias utilizadas incluiram a determinação do carbono orgânico total (COT) e do enxofre total (St) e a análise por microscopia eletrónica de varrimento de alta resolução com microanálise por Raios X (MEV-EDX). Os resultados mostram que os valores de COT que variam entre 3,96 % e 12,57 %. O St presente na MO varia entre 0.01 % a 3.89 %, sendo que os valores mais baixos de St surgem associados aos níveis proximais à mineralização principal. A análise através de MEV-EDX permitu a identificação de aluminossilicatos, sulfuretos (pirite e calcopirite) e fosfatos de cálcio. A maturação da MO resulta da percolação de fluidos hidrotermais associados à instalação da mineralização