8 research outputs found
Characterization of drought in the Kerio Valley Basin, Kenya using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index: 1960â2016
Variability of extreme weather events over the equatorial East Africa, a case study of rainfall in Kenya and Uganda
Analysis of mid-twentieth century rainfall trends and variability over southwestern Uganda
A methodology has been applied to investigate
the spatial variability and trends existent in a mid-twentieth
century climatic time series (for the period 1943â1977)
recorded by 58 climatic stations in the AlbertâVictoria water
management area in Uganda. Data were subjected to quality
checks before further processing. In the present work, temporal
trends were analyzed using MannâKendall and linear
regression methods. Heterogeneity of monthly rainfall was
investigated using the precipitation concentration index
(PCI). Results revealed that 53 % of stations have positive
trends where 25 % are statistically significant and 45 % of
stations have negative trends with 23 % being statistically
significant. Very strong trends at 99 % significance level
were revealed at 12 stations. Positive trends in January,
February, and November at 40 stations were observed. The
highest rainfall was recorded in April, while January, June,
and July had the lowest rainfall. Spatial analysis results
showed that stations close to Lake Victoria recorded high
amounts of rainfall. Average annual coefficient of variability
was 19 %, signifying low variability. Rainfall distribution is
bimodal with maximums experienced in MarchâAprilâMay
and SeptemberâOctoberâNovember seasons of the year.
Analysis also revealed that PCI values showed a moderate
to seasonal rainfall distribution. Spectral analysis of the time components reveals the existence of a major period around
3, 6, and 10 years. The 6- and 10-year period is a characteristic
of SeptemberâOctoberâNovember, MarchâAprilâ
May, and annual time series.http://link.springer.com/journal/704hb201
Reporting guideline for the early-stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems driven by artificial intelligence: DECIDE-AI
A growing number of artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems are showing promising performance in preclinical, in silico evaluation, but few have yet demonstrated real benefit to patient care. Early-stage clinical evaluation is important to assess an AI system's actual clinical performance at small scale, ensure its safety, evaluate the human factors surrounding its use and pave the way to further large-scale trials. However, the reporting of these early studies remains inadequate. The present statement provides a multi-stakeholder, consensus-based reporting guideline for the Developmental and Exploratory Clinical Investigations of DEcision support systems driven by Artificial Intelligence (DECIDE-AI). We conducted a two-round, modified Delphi process to collect and analyze expert opinion on the reporting of early clinical evaluation of AI systems. Experts were recruited from 20 pre-defined stakeholder categories. The final composition and wording of the guideline was determined at a virtual consensus meeting. The checklist and the Explanation & Elaboration (E&E) sections were refined based on feedback from a qualitative evaluation process. In total, 123 experts participated in the first round of Delphi, 138 in the second round, 16 in the consensus meeting and 16 in the qualitative evaluation. The DECIDE-AI reporting guideline comprises 17 AI-specific reporting items (made of 28 subitems) and ten generic reporting items, with an E&E paragraph provided for each. Through consultation and consensus with a range of stakeholders, we developed a guideline comprising key items that should be reported in early-stage clinical studies of AI-based decision support systems in healthcare. By providing an actionable checklist of minimal reporting items, the DECIDE-AI guideline will facilitate the appraisal of these studies and replicability of their findings