752 research outputs found
Nonconcentration in partially rectangular billiards
In specific types of partially rectangular billiards we estimate the mass of
an eigenfunction of energy in the region outside the rectangular set in the
high-energy limit. We use the adiabatic ansatz to compare the Dirichlet energy
form with a second quadratic form for which separation of variables applies.
This allows us to use sharp one-dimensional control estimates and to derive the
bound assuming that is not resonating with the Dirichlet spectrum of the
rectangular part.Comment: 28 pages, 1 figure; Typos corrected, error in final proof corrected
and techniques strengthene
Spectral simplicity and asymptotic separation of variables
We describe a method for comparing the real analytic eigenbranches of two
families of quadratic forms that degenerate as t tends to zero. One of the
families is assumed to be amenable to `separation of variables' and the other
one not. With certain additional assumptions, we show that if the families are
asymptotic at first order as t tends to 0, then the generic spectral simplicity
of the separable family implies that the eigenbranches of the second family are
also generically one-dimensional. As an application, we prove that for the
generic triangle (simplex) in Euclidean space (constant curvature space form)
each eigenspace of the Laplacian is one-dimensional. We also show that for all
but countably many t, the geodesic triangle in the hyperbolic plane with
interior angles 0, t, and t, has simple spectrum.Comment: 53 pages, 2 figure
Mean exit time for surface-mediated diffusion: spectral analysis and asymptotic behavior
We consider a model of surface-mediated diffusion with alternating phases of
pure bulk and surface diffusion. For this process, we compute the mean exit
time from a disk through a hole on the circle. We develop a spectral approach
to this escape problem in which the mean exit time is explicitly expressed
through the eigenvalues of the related self-adjoint operator. This
representation is particularly well suited to investigate the asymptotic
behavior of the mean exit time in the limit of large desorption rate .
For a point-like target, we show that the mean exit time diverges as
. For extended targets, we establish the asymptotic approach to
a finite limit. In both cases, the mean exit time is shown to asymptotically
increase as tends to infinity. We also revise the optimality regime
of surface-mediated diffusion. Although the presentation is limited to the unit
disk, the spectral approach can be extended to other domains such as rectangles
or spheres.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure
Existence of global strong solutions to a beam-fluid interaction system
We study an unsteady non linear fluid-structure interaction problem which is
a simplified model to describe blood flow through viscoleastic arteries. We
consider a Newtonian incompressible two-dimensional flow described by the
Navier-Stokes equations set in an unknown domain depending on the displacement
of a structure, which itself satisfies a linear viscoelastic beam equation. The
fluid and the structure are fully coupled via interface conditions prescribing
the continuity of the velocities at the fluid-structure interface and the
action-reaction principle. We prove that strong solutions to this problem are
global-in-time. We obtain in particular that contact between the viscoleastic
wall and the bottom of the fluid cavity does not occur in finite time. To our
knowledge, this is the first occurrence of a no-contact result, but also of
existence of strong solutions globally in time, in the frame of interactions
between a viscous fluid and a deformable structure
On discretization in time in simulations of particulate flows
We propose a time discretization scheme for a class of ordinary differential
equations arising in simulations of fluid/particle flows. The scheme is
intended to work robustly in the lubrication regime when the distance between
two particles immersed in the fluid or between a particle and the wall tends to
zero. The idea consists in introducing a small threshold for the particle-wall
distance below which the real trajectory of the particle is replaced by an
approximated one where the distance is kept equal to the threshold value. The
error of this approximation is estimated both theoretically and by numerical
experiments. Our time marching scheme can be easily incorporated into a full
simulation method where the velocity of the fluid is obtained by a numerical
solution to Stokes or Navier-Stokes equations. We also provide a derivation of
the asymptotic expansion for the lubrication force (used in our numerical
experiments) acting on a disk immersed in a Newtonian fluid and approaching the
wall. The method of this derivation is new and can be easily adapted to other
cases
Design and Tests of 500kW RF Windows for the ITER LHCD System
In the frame of a R\&D effort conducted by CEA toward the design and the
qualification of a 5 GHz LHCD system for the ITER tokamak, two 5 GHz 500 kW/5 s
windows have been designed, manufactured and tested at high power in
collaboration with the National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI). The window
design rely on a symmetrical pill-box concept with a cylindrical beryllium
oxide ceramic brazed on an actively water cooled copper skirt. The ceramic RF
properties have been measured on a test sample to get realistic values for
guiding the design. Low power measurements of the manufactured windows show
return losses below-32 dB and insertion losses between-0.01 dB and-0.05 dB,
with an optimum frequency shifted toward lower frequencies. High power tests
conducted at NFRI show unexpected total power loss for both windows. The
ceramic temperature during RF pulses has been found to reach unexpected high
temperature, preventing these windows to be used under CW conditions. A
post-mortem RF analysis of samples taken from one window shows that the
dielectric properties of the ceramic were not the ones measured on the
manufacturer sample, which partly explain the differences with the reference
modelling
Design and RF measurements of a 5 GHz 500 kW window for the ITER LHCD system
International audienceCEA/IRFM is conducting R&D efforts in order to validate the critical RF components of the 5 GHz ITER LHCD system, which is expected to transmit 20 MW of RF power to the plasma. Two 5 GHz 500 kW BeO pill-box type window prototypes have been manufactured in 2012 by the PMB Company, in close collaboration with CEA/IRFM. Both windows have been validated at low power, showing good agreement between measured and modeling, with a return loss better than 32 dB and an insertion loss below 0.05 dB. This paper reports on the window RF design and the low power measurements. The high power tests up to 500kW have been carried out in March 2013 in collaboration with NFRI. Results of these tests are also reported. In the current ITER LHCD design, 20 MW Continuous Wave (CW) of Radio-Frequency power at 5 GHz are expected to be generated and transmitted to the plasma. In order to separate the vacuum vessel pressure from the cryostat waveguide pressure, forty eight 5 GHz 500kW CW windows are to be assembled on the waveguides at the equatorial port flange. For nuclear safety reasons, forty eight additional windows could be located in the cryostat section, to separate and monitor the cryostat waveguide pressure from the exterior transmission line pressure. These windows are identified as being one of the main critical components for the ITER LHCD system since first ITER LHCD studies [1] [2] [3] or more recently [4] [5] , and clearly require an important R&D effort. In this context and even if the LHCD system is not part of the construction baseline, the CEA/IRFM is conducting a R&D effort in order to validate a design and the performances of these RF windows. In order to begin the assessment of this need, two 5 GHz 500 kW/5 s pill-box type windows prototypes have been manufactured in 2012 by the PMB Company in close collaboration with the CEA/IRFM [6]. The section 2 of this paper reports the RF and mechanical design of a 5 GHz window. Some features of the mechanical design and the experimental RF measurements at low power are reported in section 3. High power results, made in collaboration with NFRI, are detailed in section 4. The development of CW windows is discussed in the conclusion. 2-RF AND MECHANICAL DESIGN The proposed 5 GHz RF window is based on a pill-box design [2] , i.e. a ceramic brazed in portion of a circular waveguide, connected on either side to a rectangular waveguide section. Typical design rules of thumb of such device are circular section diameter about the same size of the diagonal of the rectangular waveguide (cf. FIGURE 1). Without taking into account the ceramic, the circular section length is approximately half a guided wavelength of the circular TE 11 mode, in order for the device to act as a half-wave transformer. Once optimized, taking into account the ceramic, matching is correct only for a narrow band of frequency and is very sensitive to the device dimensions and the ceramic relative permittivity. The heat losses in the ceramic, which have to be extracted by an active water cooling, depends on the inside electric field topology and of ceramic dielectric loss (loss tangent). Undesirable modes due to parasitic resonances can be excited in the ceramic volume, raising the electric field an
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