134 research outputs found
TED-Q: TED talks and the questions they evoke
We present a new dataset of TED-talks annotated with the questions they evoke and, where available, the answers to these questions. Evoked questions represent a hitherto mostly unexplored type of linguistic data, which promises to open up important new lines of research, especially related to the Question Under Discussion (QUD)-based approach to discourse structure. In this paper we introduce the method and open the first installment of our data to the public. We summarize and explore the current dataset, illustrate its potential by providing new evidence for the relation between predictability and implicitness {--} capitalizing on the already existing PDTB-style annotations for the texts we use {--} and outline its potential for future research. The dataset should be of interest, at its current scale, to researchers on formal and experimental pragmatics, discourse coherence, information structure, discourse expectations and processing. Our data-gathering procedure is designed to scale up, relying on crowdsourcing by non-expert annotators, with its utility for Natural Language Processing in mind (e.g., dialogue systems, conversational question answering).Horizon 2020(H2020)715154FGW – Publications without University Leiden contrac
New learning opportunities in a networked world: developing a research agenda on innovative uses of ICTS for learning and teaching
IDRC Project Title: Developing a Research Agenda on Expanding New Digital Learning Opportunities in Developing Countries;IDRC Project Number: 107628The report describes outcomes of the activities carried out for the project “New Learning Opportunities in a Networked World: Developing a Research Agenda on Innovative uses of ICTs for Learning and Teaching”. The research consists of three main activities, namely desk research, written expert consultation and group concept mapping study involving a 2-day workshop and a follow-up with experts who could not attend the workshop. These activities are interconnected elements of the consultative approach to establishing a research agenda.International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canad
Photometric and dynamic evolution of an isolated disc galaxy simulation
We present a detailed analysis of the evolution of a simulated isolated disc
galaxy. The simulation includes stars, gas, star formation and simple chemical
yields. Stellar particles are split in two populations: the old one is present
at the beginning of the simulation and is calibrated according to various ages
and metallicities; the new population borns in the course of the simulation and
inherits the metallicity of the gas particles. The results have been calibrated
in four wavebands with the spectro-photometric evolutionary model GISSEL2000
(Bruzual & Charlot 1993). Dust extinction has also been taken into account. A
rest-frame morphological and bidimensional photometric analysis has been
performed on simulated images, with the same tools as for observations. The
effects of the stellar bar formation and the linked star formation episode on
the global properties of the galaxy (mass and luminosity distribution, colours,
isophotal radii) have been analysed. In particular, we have disentangled the
effects of stellar evolution from dynamic evolution to explain the cause of the
isophotal radii variations. We show that the dynamic properties (e.g. mass) of
the area enclosed by any isophotal radius depends on the waveband and on the
level of star formation activity. It is also shown that the bar isophotes
remain thinner than mass isodensities a long time (> 0.7 Gyr) after the maximum
of star formation rate. We show that bar ellipticity is very wavelength
dependent as suggested by real observations. Effects of dust extinction on
photometric and morphological measurements are systematically quantified.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures (13 in eps, 3 in jpg format). Accepted for
publication in A&
Thermal Equation of State of Tantalum
We have investigated the thermal equation of state of tantalum from first
principles using the Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (LAPW) and pseudopotential
methods for pressures up to 300 GPa and temperatures up to 10000 K. The
equation of state at zero temperature was computed using LAPW. For finite
temperatures, mixed basis pseudopotential computations were performed for 54
atom supercells. The vibrational contributions were obtained by computing the
partition function using the particle in a cell model, and the the finite
temperature electronic free energy was obtained from the LAPW band structures.
We discuss the behavior of thermal equation of state parameters such as the
Gr\"uneisen parameter , , the thermal expansivity , the
Anderson-Gr\"uneisen parameter as functions of pressure and
temperature. The calculated Hugoniot shows excellent agreement with shock-wave
experiments. An electronic topological transition was found at approximately
200 GPa
Virgo cluster early-type dwarf galaxies with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II. Early-type dwarfs with central star formation
Despite the common picture of an early-type dwarf (dE) as a quiescent galaxy
with no star formation and little gas, we identify 23 dEs that have blue
central colors caused by recent or ongoing star formation in our sample of 476
Virgo cluster dEs. In addition, 14 objects that were mostly classified as
(candidate) BCDs have similar properties. Among the certain cluster members,
the dEs with blue centers reach a fraction of more than 15% of the dE
population at brighter (B<=16) magnitudes. A spectral analysis of the centers
of 16 galaxies reveals in all cases an underlying old population that dominates
the mass, with M(old)>=90% for all but one object. Therefore the majority of
these galaxies will appear like ordinary dEs within ~one Gigayear or less after
the last episode of star formation. Their overall gas content is less than that
of dwarf irregular galaxies, but higher than that of ordinary dEs. Their
flattening distribution suggests the shape of a thick disk, similar to what has
been found for dEs with disk features in Paper I of this series. Their
projected spatial distribution shows no central clustering, and their
distribution with projected local density follows that of irregular galaxies,
indicative of an unrelaxed population. This is corroborated by their velocity
distribution, which displays two side peaks characteristic of recent infall. We
discuss possible formation mechanisms (ram-pressure stripping, tidally induced
star formation, harassment) that might be able to explain both the disk shape
and the central star formation of the dEs with blue centers.Comment: 16 pages + 15 figures. Accepted for publication in AJ. We recommend
downloading the full resolution version from
http://www.virgo-cluster.com/lisker2006b.ps.g
The VISCACHA survey -- VIII. Chemical evolution history of Small Magellanic Cloud West Halo cluster
The chemical evolution history of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) has been a
matter of debate for decades. The challenges in understanding the SMC chemical
evolution are related to a very slow star formation rate (SFR) combined with
bursts triggered by the multiple interactions between the SMC and the Large
Magellanic Cloud, a significant (~0.5 dex) metallicity dispersion for the SMC
cluster population younger than about 7.5 Gyr, and multiple chemical evolution
models tracing very different paths through the observed age-metallicity
relation of the SMC. There is no doubt that these processes were complex.
Therefore, a step-by-step strategy is required in order to better understand
the SMC chemical evolution. We adopted an existing framework to split the SMC
into regions on the sky, and we focus on the west halo in this work, which
contains the oldest and most metal-poor stellar populations and is moving away
from the SMC, that is, in an opposite motion with respect to the Magellanic
Bridge. We present a sample containing ~60% of all west halo clusters to
represent the region well, and we identify a clear age-metallicity relation
with a tight dispersion that exhibits a 0.5 dex metallicity dip about 6 Gyr
ago. We ran chemical evolution models and discuss possible scenarios to explain
this metallicity dip, the most likely being a major merger accelerating the SFR
after the event. This merger should be combined with inefficient internal gas
mixing within the SMC and different SFRs in different SMC regions because the
same metallicity dip is not seen in the AMR of the SMC combining clusters from
all regions. We try to explain the scenario to better understand the SMC
chemo-dynamical history.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, Accepted for publication in Astronomy
& Astrophysics journal
Young onset dementia: Public involvement in co-designing community-based support
Whilst the support requirements of people diagnosed with young onset dementia are well-documented, less is known about what needs to be in place to provide age-appropriate care. To understand priorities for service planning and commissioning and to inform the design of a future study of community-based service delivery models, we held two rounds of discussions with four groups of people affected by young onset dementia (n = 31) and interviewed memory services (n = 3) and non-profit service providers (n = 7) in two sites in England. Discussions confirmed published evidence on support requirements, but also reframed priorities for support and suggested new approaches to dementia care at the community level. This paper argues that involving people with young onset dementia in the assessment of research findings in terms of what is important to them, and inviting suggestions for solutions, provides a way for co-designing services that address the challenges of accessing support for people affected by young onset dementia
Partner independent fusion gene detection by multiplexed CRISPR-Cas9 enrichment and long read nanopore sequencing
Fusion genes are hallmarks of various cancer types and important determinants for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Fusion gene partner choice and breakpoint-position promiscuity restricts diagnostic detection, even for known and recurrent configurations. Here, we develop FUDGE (FUsion Detection from Gene Enrichment) to accurately and impartially identify fusions. FUDGE couples target-selected and strand-specific CRISPR-Cas9 activity for fusion gene driver enrichment - without prior knowledge of fusion partner or breakpoint-location - to long read nanopore sequencing with the bioinformatics pipeline NanoFG. FUDGE has flexible target-loci choices and enables multiplexed enrichment for simultaneous analysis of several genes in multiple samples in one sequencing run. We observe on-average 665 fold breakpoint-site enrichment and identify nucleotide resolution fusion breakpoints within 2 days. The assay identifies cancer cell line and tumor sample fusions irrespective of partner gene or breakpoint-position. FUDGE is a rapid and versatile fusion detection assay for diagnostic pan-cancer fusion detection
Age-appropriate services for people diagnosed with young onset dementia (YOD): a systematic review.
BACKGROUND: Literature agrees that post-diagnostic services for people living with young onset dementia (YOD) need to be age-appropriate, but there is insufficient evidence of 'what works' to inform service design and delivery.
OBJECTIVE: To provide an evidence base of age-appropriate services and to review the perceived effectiveness of current interventions.
METHODS: We undertook a systematic review including all types of research relating to interventions for YOD. We searched PubMed, CINHAL Plus, SCOPUS, EBSCO Host EJS, Social Care Online and Google Scholar, hand-searched journals and carried out lateral searches (July-October 2016). Included papers were synthesised qualitatively. Primary studies were critically appraised. RESULTS: Twenty articles (peer-reviewed [n = 10], descriptive accounts [n = 10]) discussing 195 participants (persons diagnosed with YOD [n = 94], caregivers [n = 91] and other [n = 10]) were identified for inclusion. Services enabled people with YOD to remain living at home for longer. However, service continuity was compromised by short-term project-based commissioning and ad-hoc service delivery.
CONCLUSION: The evidence on the experience of living with YOD is not matched by research and the innovation needed to mitigate the impact of YOD. The inclusion of people with YOD and their caregivers in service design is critical when planning support in order to delay institutional care
Reconciling Estimates of Cell Proliferation from Stable Isotope Labeling Experiments.
Stable isotope labeling is the state of the art technique for in vivo quantification of lymphocyte kinetics in humans. It has been central to a number of seminal studies, particularly in the context of HIV-1 and leukemia. However, there is a significant discrepancy between lymphocyte proliferation rates estimated in different studies. Notably, deuterated (2)H2-glucose (D2-glucose) labeling studies consistently yield higher estimates of proliferation than deuterated water (D2O) labeling studies. This hampers our understanding of immune function and undermines our confidence in this important technique. Whether these differences are caused by fundamental biochemical differences between the two compounds and/or by methodological differences in the studies is unknown. D2-glucose and D2O labeling experiments have never been performed by the same group under the same experimental conditions; consequently a direct comparison of these two techniques has not been possible. We sought to address this problem. We performed both in vitro and murine in vivo labeling experiments using identical protocols with both D2-glucose and D2O. This showed that intrinsic differences between the two compounds do not cause differences in the proliferation rate estimates, but that estimates made using D2-glucose in vivo were susceptible to difficulties in normalization due to highly variable blood glucose enrichment. Analysis of three published human studies made using D2-glucose and D2O confirmed this problem, particularly in the case of short term D2-glucose labeling. Correcting for these inaccuracies in normalization decreased proliferation rate estimates made using D2-glucose and slightly increased estimates made using D2O; thus bringing the estimates from the two methods significantly closer and highlighting the importance of reliable normalization when using this technique
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