Potential of pineapple waste extract (PWE) as co-substrate in anaerobic digestion of rice straw washwater (RSWW): enhancement of biogas production

This study aims to investigate the potential methane yield by mono-anaerobic digestion of rice straw washwater (RSWW) and pineapple waste extract (PWE) as well as the co-digestion of both RSWW and PWE at a ratio of 50:50 (v/v). The experiment was conducted at a controlled mesophilic temperature of 37 °C in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor for a period of approximately 55 days. The process performances were evaluated based on the efficiency of COD removal and methane production in relation to other parameters such as pH, organic loading rate (OLR) and alkalinity ratio. This study confirmed that the rate of COD removal for RSWW, PWE, and RSWW:PWE (50:50) were achieved the stable condition at 81, 89, and 86% respectively. The alkalinity ratio value and pH throughout the experimental period remained below 0.30 and kept in the range of 6.5–7.0 indicated the stable and good environment existed for anaerobic digestion within the UASB reactor. This study implies that the co-digestion of RSWW:PWE found to improve the efficiency of COD removal and production of methane during the mono-digestion of RSWW from 81 to 86% and 0.093 to 0.13 LCH4/g CODrem by the increment of 6.2 and 40%, respectively

Open-system orchestration as a relational source of sensing capabilities: Evidence from a venture association

Research on innovation networks has highlighted the pivotal role that actors with more prominence and power, such as hub firms, may play in orchestrating the activities of other network members along a collective innovation effort. Our study examined the undertheorized, but no less important, type of orchestration that characterizes other organizations, such as business incubators and venture associations, who seek to support the dispersed entrepreneurial efforts of network members. We refer to this type as ‘open-system’ orchestration, as opposed to the commonly studied ‘closed-system’ type performed by hub firms. Our findings reveal how the processes of open-system orchestration differ markedly from those of closed-system orchestration, and detail how these processes influence the micro-foundations of network members’ sensing capabilities. By doing so, we also offer empirical substantiation and theoretical elaboration to the idea that dynamic capabilities might not reside exclusively inside firms, but could be co-created relationally with other parties in the business ecosystem