6 research outputs found
Lysyl oxidase drives tumour progression by trapping EGF receptors at the cell surface
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) remodels the tumour microenvironment by cross-linking the extracellular matrix. LOX overexpression is associated with poor cancer outcomes. Here, we find that LOX regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to drive tumour progression. We show that LOX regulates EGFR by suppressing TGFÎČ1 signalling through the secreted protease HTRA1. This increases the expression of Matrilin2 (MATN2), an EGF-like domain-containing protein that traps EGFR at the cell surface to facilitate its activation by EGF. We describe a pharmacological inhibitor of LOX, CCT365623, which disrupts EGFR cell surface retention and delays the growth of primary and metastatic tumour cells in vivo. Thus, we show that LOX regulates EGFR cell surface retention to drive tumour progression, and we validate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting this pathway with the small molecule inhibitor CCT365623
Increased collagen crossâlinking is a signature of dystrophinâdeficient muscle
INTRODUCTION: Collagen crossâlinking is a key parameter in extracellular matrix (ECM) maturation, turnover, and stiffness. We examined aspects of collagen crossâlinking in dystrophinâdeficient murine, canine, and human skeletal muscle. METHODS: DMD patient biopsies and samples from mdx mice and golden retriever muscular dystrophy dog samples (with appropriate controls) were analyzed. Collagen crossâlinking was evaluated using solubility and hydroxyproline assays. Expression of the crossâlinking enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) was determined by realâtime polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: LOX protein levels are increased in dystrophic muscle from all species evaluated. Dystrophic mice and dogs had significantly higher crossâlinked collagen than controls, especially in the diaphragm. Distribution of intramuscular LOX was heterogeneous in all samples, but it increased in frequency and intensity in dystrophic muscle. CONCLUSION: These findings implicate elevated collagen crossâlinking as an important component of the disrupted ECM in dystrophic muscles, and heightened crossâlinking is evident in mouse, dog, and man. Muscle Nerve 54: 71â78, 201
Young adults diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma are at risk of relapsing late: a comprehensive analysis of late relapse in Hodgkin lymphoma
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-4-hydroxylase-1 is a convergent point in the reciprocal negative regulation of NF-ÎșB and p53 signaling pathways
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) induces the expression of several hundred genes in hypoxia aiming at restoration of oxygen homeostasis. HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylases (HIF-P4Hs) regulate the stability of HIF1α in an oxygen-dependent manner. Hypoxia is a common feature in inflammation and cancer and the HIF pathway is closely linked with the inflammatory NF-ÎșB and tumor suppressor p53 pathways. Here we show that genetic inactivation or chemical inhibition of HIF-P4H-1 leads to downregulation of proinflammatory genes, while proapoptotic genes are upregulated. HIF-P4H-1 inactivation reduces the inflammatory response under LPS stimulus in vitro and in an acute skin inflammation model in vivo. Furthermore, HIF-P4H-1 inactivation increases p53 activity and stability and hydroxylation of proline 142 in p53 has an important role in this regulation. Altogether, our data suggest that HIF-P4H-1 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic candidate for inflammatory diseases and cancer, enhancing the reciprocal negative regulation of the NF-ÎșB and p53 pathways