«Electronic bibliography» course in the system of distant professional development of bibliographers in Ukraine

Розглянуто тематику дистанційного курсу «Електронна бібліографія» для українських бібліографів, що пропонується фахівцями ХДНБ імені В. Г. Короленка.Subjects of the distance course «Electronic Bibliography» for Ukrainian bibliographers proposed by the specialists of Kharkiv Korolenko State Scientific Library is considered

Телязиоз, вызванный Thelazia callipaeda Railliet et Henry, 1910 (обзор литературы)

The purpose of the research is to analyze literature data on epizootology, morphology and biology of Thelazia callipaeda, and on clinical signs of thelaziosis.Thelaziosis caused by Th. callipaeda is widespread and not limited to Southeast Asian countries. At the end of the last century, autochtonous infection cases of thelaziosis were noted in Italy, and later the disease was recorded in France, Switzerland, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Portugal, Romania, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Slovakia, Serbia, Turkey, Hungary, Moldova, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland, etc. Cases of thelaziosis recorded in the United States of America and the Russian Federation were most likely allochthonous and imported from contaminated areas. In Russia, canine thelaziosis was recorded in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Tyumen. It was found that definitive hosts of Th. callipaeda were not only cats, dogs or humans, but also many species of wild animals, namely, gray wolf, red fox, pine marten, hare, wild cat, Iberian wolf, European grey rabbit, beech marten, pine marten, golden jackal, European badger and brown bear. The prevalence of Thelazia infection among populations of wild animals reached 38.1%. The maximum number of helminths found in one animal was 96 specimens. In the life cycle of Th. callipaeda, males of the fruit fly Phortica variegata and Ph. okadai, which can keep Thelazia larvae in their bodies for up to 180 days are involved. Phylogenetic analysis of the cox1 gene showed that Th. callipaeda isolated from diseased animals in different countries belonged to haplotype-1, which was common in Europe.Цель исследований – проанализировать данные литературы по эпизоотологии, морфологии и биологии Thelazia callipaeda, клиническим признакам телязиоза.Телязиоз, вызываемый Th. callipaeda, широко распространен и не ограничивается странами юго-восточной Азии. В конце прошлого века аутохтонные случаи телязиоза отмечены в Италии, позже болезнь была зарегистрирована во Франции, Швейцарии, Германии, Испании, Бельгии, Португалии, Румынии, Боснии и Герцеговине, Хорватии, Греции, Словакии, Сербии, Турции, Венгрии, Молдове, Австрии, Чехии, Польши и т. д. Случаи телязиоза, зафиксированные в Соединенных штатах Америки и Российской Федерации, вероятнее всего, являются аллохтонными и завозятся с неблагополучных территорий. В России телязиоз собак зарегистрирован в Москве, Санкт-Петербурге и Тюмени. Установлено, что окончательными хозяевами Th. callipaeda являются не только кошки, собаки и человек, но и многие виды диких животных: серый волк, рыжая лиса, лесная куница, заяц-русак, дикая кошка, иберийский волк, дикий европейский кролик, буковая куница, лесная куница, золотистый шакал, европейский барсук и бурый медведь. Экстенсивность телязиозной инвазии среди популяций диких животных достигала 38,1%. Максимальное число гельминтов, обнаруженное у одного животного, составило 96 экз. В жизненном цикле Th. callipaeda в качестве промежуточного хозяина принимают участие самцы плодовой мушки Phortica variegata и Ph. okadai, которые могут сохранять своем теле личинок телязий до 180 сут. Филогенетический анализ гена cox1 показал, что Th. callipaeda, выделенные от больных животных в разных странах, принадлежат к гаплотипу-1, распространенному в Европе

ПРЕСТУПНОЕ НАРУШЕНИЕ ПРАВИЛ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ (КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА)

The paper analyzes the concept of the “element” as one of the most important categories of philosophy and law. It is shown that the identification of elements based on which an act is regarded as a criminal offense and their recognition in a particular incident are mandatory and of paramount importance in detecting and investigating a crime. The attention is drawn to the lack of a generally accepted provision that would include into standard criminological characteristics of certain crime categories the information on elements typical for the latter since their knowledge is necessary in practice for the organization of the crime exposure and solution process. It is also noted that the practical significance of the information content of criminological characteristics of crimes in the economic sphere will increase if crime exposure and investigation methodologies include information on both typical crime elements and elements essential to perpetrator’s behavior (activity) modes and other circumstances of the offense. The mutual influence of the criminological theory (and detection methods) of fake offense elements and the criminological theory of elements of a crime as well as their connection with the theory of the criminological characterization of crimes is considered.В статье подвергнуто анализу содержание понятия «признак» как одной из важнейших категорий в философии и праве. Показано, что установление признаков, по которым деяние признается уголовно наказуемым, и их распознавание в конкретном происшествии представляют собой обязательную и одну из важнейших составляющих деятельности по выявлению и расследованию преступления. В качестве пробела рассматривается отсутствие общепринятого положения о включении в типовые криминалистические характеристики отдельных категорий преступлений сведений о типичных для них признаках, поскольку знание о них необходимо на практике для организации процесса выявления и раскрытия преступлений. Отмечается также, что практическая значимость информационного содержания криминалистических характеристик преступлений в сфере экономики возрастет, если в методиках их выявления и расследования будут отражены сведения как об их типичных признаках, так и о типичных признаках способов преступного поведения (деятельности) виновных лиц и других обстоятельствах содеянного. Предложены возможные направления дальнейшей разработки теории криминалистического учения о признаке преступления. Рассмотрено взаимное влияние криминалистической теории (и методики выявления) признаков криминальной инсценировки и криминалистической теории о признаке преступления, а также их связь с теорией криминалистической характеристики преступления

Radio Astrometry Of The Triple Systems Algol And UX Arietis

We have used multi-epoch long-baseline radio interferometry to determine the proper motion and orbital elements of Algol and UX Arietis, two radio-bright, close binary stellar systems with distant tertiary components. For Algol, we refine the proper motion and outer orbit solutions, confirming the recent result of Zavala et al. (2010) that the inner orbit is retrograde. The radio centroid closely tracks the motion of the KIV secondary. In addition, the radio morphology varies from double-lobed at low flux level to crescent-shaped during active periods. These results are most easily interpreted as synchrotron emission from a large, co-rotating meridional loop centered on the K-star. If this is correct, it provides a radio-optical frame tie candidate with an uncertainty {\pm}0.5 mas. For UX Arietis, we find a outer orbit solution that accounts for previous VLBI observations of an acceleration term in the proper motion fit. The outer orbit solution is also consistent with previously published radial velocity curves and speckle observations of a third body. The derived tertiary mass, 0.75 solar masses, is consistent with the K1 main-sequence star detected spectroscopically. The inner orbit solution favors radio emission from the active K0IV primary only. The radio morphology, consisting of a single, partially resolved emission region, may be associated with the persistent polar spot observed using Doppler imaging

Zinc whisker growth from electroplated finishes – a review

Electroplated zinc finishes have been associated with the electronics industry for many years as a result of their excellent corrosion resistance and relatively low cost. They are normally applied onto ferrous products to provide corrosion protection in a range of different environments. However, the formation of spontaneously grown whiskers on zinc-electroplated components, which are capable of resulting in electrical shorting or other damaging effects, can be highly problematic for the reliability of long life electrical and electronic equipment. The growth of zinc whiskers has been identified as the cause of some electrical and electronic failures in telecommunications and aerospace-based applications, with consequences ranging from mild inconvenience to complete system failures. Investigators have been striving to address the problems induced by whisker growth since 1940s. However, most research effort has been focused on tin whiskers, especially following European Union environmental legislation that restricted the use of lead (Pb), which when alloyed with tin (3–10% by weight) provided effective tin whisker mitigation. Compared with tin whisker research, much less attention has been paid to zinc whiskers. A number of mechanisms to explain zinc whisker growth have been proposed, but none of them are widely accepted and some are in conflict with each other. The aim of this paper is to review the available literature in regard to zinc whiskers, to discuss the reported growth mechanisms, to evaluate the effect of deposition parameters and to explore potential mitigation methods. This paper presents a chronologically ordered review of zinc whisker-related studies from 1946 to 2013. Some important early research, which investigated whisker growth in tin and cadmium, as well as zinc, has also been included

A Novel Obligate Intracellular Gamma-Proteobacterium Associated with Ixodid Ticks, Diplorickettsia massiliensis, Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov

Background: Obligate intracellular bacteria of arthropods often exhibit a significant role in either human health or arthropod ecology. Methodology/Principal Findings: An obligate intracellular gamma-proteobacterium was isolated from the actively questing hard tick Ixodes ricinus using mammalian and amphibian cell lines. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a unique morphology of the bacterium, including intravacuolar localization of bacteria grouped predominantly in pairs and internal structures composed of electron-dense crystal-like structures and regular multilayer sheath-like structures. The isolate 20B was characterized to determine its taxonomic position using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that this strain belongs to the family Coxiellaceae, order Legionellales of Gamma-proteobacteria, and the closest relatives are different Rickettsiella spp. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain 20B and other recognized species of the family was below 94.5%. Partial sequences of the rpoB, parC and ftsY genes confirmed the phylogenetic position of the new isolate. The G+C content estimated on the basis of whole genome analysis of strain 20B was 37.88%. On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, we propose that strain 20B to be classified in the new genus Diplorickettsia as the type strain of a novel species named Diplorickettsia massiliensis sp. nov. Conclusions/Significance: Considering the source of its isolation (hard tick, often biting humans) the role of this bacterium in the pathology of humans, animals and ticks should be further investigated

Coxiella burnetii in Humans and Ticks in Rural Senegal

Q fever is a zoonotic disease known since 1937. The disease may be severe, causing pneumonia, hepatitis and endocarditis. Q fever agent has been described as a possible biological weapon. Animals—especially domestic cows, goats and sheep—are considered reservoirs for this infection. They are capable of sustaining the infection for long periods and excreting viable bacteria, infecting other animals and, occasionally, humans. Here we studied the distribution of Q fever in a poorly studied region, Senegal. We studied the agent of Q fever both in ticks parasitizing domestic animals and in humans (antibodies in serum, bacteria in feces, saliva and milk). We found from the studied regions the bacterium is highly prevalent in rural Senegal. Up to 37.6% of five different and most prevalent tick species may carry the bacterium. Humans living in such areas, as other mammals, may occasionally excrete Q fever agent through feces and milk

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Streptococcus tigurinus endocarditis

Background: Streptococcus tigurinus was recently described as a new streptococcal species within the viridans group streptococci (VGS). The objectives of the present work were to analyse the clinical and microbiological characteristics of S. tigurinus isolated from patients with bacteraemias, to determine the prevalence of S. tigurinus among VGS endocarditis in Spain, and to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of endocarditis caused by S. tigurinus and other VGS. Methods: Retrospective nationwide study, performed between 2008 and 2016 in 9 Spanish hospitals from 7 different provinces comprising 237 cases of infective endocarditis. Streptococcal isolates were identified by sequencing fragments of their 16S rRNA, sodA and groEL genes. Clinical data of patients with streptococcal endocarditis were prospectively collected according to a pre-established protocol. Results: Patients with endocarditis represented 7/9 (77.8%) and 26/86 (30.2%) of the bacteraemias caused by S. tigurinus and other VGS, respectively (p < 0.001), in two of the hospital participants. Among patients with streptococcal endocarditis, 12 different Streptococcus species were recognized being S. oralis, S. tigurinus and S. mitis the three more common. No relevant statistical differences were observed in the clinical characteristics and outcomes of endocarditis caused by the different VGS species. Conclusions: In this multicenter study performed in Spain, S. tigurinus showed a higher predilection for the endocardial endothelium as compared to other VGS. However, clinical characteristics and outcomes of endocarditis caused by S. tigurinus did not significantly differ from endocarditis caused by other oral streptococci.JMM received a personal 80:20 research grant from the Institut d’InvestigacionsBiomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain during 2017–19. Nofunding entity played any role in the design of the study and data collection,analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript

ОПЫТ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЛАКТОСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ПРОБИОТИКА ПРИ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ У ДЕТЕЙ, ПОЛУЧАЮЩИХ АНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНУЮ ТЕРАПИЮ

For specification incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children under 3 years and older treated with antibiotics, used the method of open prospective comparative clinical study. 170 patients (the basic group — 105 patients receiving probiotic with Lactobacillus, the control group — 65 patients) aged from 3 months to 15 years with acute infectious diseases receiving antibacterial therapy for not less than 3 days and examined in hospital conditions were included in the study. As a result the rate of antibiotics-associated diarrhea in children constitued 85% in children younger than 3 years and 25% in children of higher age. Preventive application of probiotic with Lactobacillus allows to decrease the rate of occurrence of antibiotics-associated diarrhea in children as well as the duration of diarrhea syndrome.Для уточнения частоты встречаемости антибиотико-ассоциированной диареи у детей до 3-х лет и старше, получавших антибиотики, был выбран метод проспективного открытого сравнительного клинического исследования. В исследование было включено 170 пациентов (основная группа — 105 детей, получающих лактосодержащий пробиотик, и группа контроля — 65 больных) в возрасте от 3-х месяцев до 15 лет с острыми инфекционными заболеваниями, находящиеся на стационарном лечени и получающие антибиотики не менее 3-х дней. В результате работы уточнена распространенность антибиотико-ассоциированной диареи, которая составила 85% у детей до 3-х лет и 25% — у детей старшего возраста. Профилактическое назначение лактосодержащего пробиотика позволяет снизить вероятность возникновения антибиотико-ассоциированной диареи, а также уменьшить длительность диарейного синдрома

Multispacer Sequence Typing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotyping

Background: Genotyping methods developed to survey the transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis currently rely on the interpretation of restriction and amplification profiles. Multispacer sequence typing (MST) genotyping is based on the sequencing of several intergenic regions selected after complete genome sequence analysis. It has been applied to various pathogens, but not to M. tuberculosis. Methods and Findings: In M. tuberculosis, the MST approach yielded eight variable intergenic spacers which included four previously described variable number tandem repeat loci, one single nucleotide polymorphism locus and three newly evaluated spacers. Spacer sequence stability was evaluated by serial subculture. The eight spacers were sequenced in a collection of 101 M. tuberculosis strains from five phylogeographical lineages, and yielded 29 genetic events including 13 tandem repeat number variations (44.82%), 11 single nucleotide mutations (37.93%) and 5 deletions (17.24%). These 29 genetic events yielded 32 spacer alleles or spacer-types (ST) with an index of discrimination of 0.95. The distribution of M. tuberculosis isolates into ST profiles correlated with their assignment into phylogeographical lineages. Blind comparison of a further 93 M. tuberculosis strains by MST and restriction fragment length polymorphism-IS6110 fingerprinting and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units typing, yielded an index of discrimination of 0.961 and 0.992, respectively. MST yielded 41 different profiles delineating 16 related groups and proved to be more discriminatory than IS6110-based typing for isolates containing M<8 IS6110 copies (P<0.0003). MST was successfully applied to 7/10 clinical specimens exhibiting a Cts <= 42 cycles in internal transcribed spacer-real time PCR. Conclusions: These results support MST as an alternative, sequencing-based method for genotyping low IS6110 copy-number M. tuberculosis strains. The M. tuberculosis MST database is freely available (http://ifr48.timone.univ-mrs.fr/MST_MTuberculosis/mst)