Física estadística y modelos estelares

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado pretende realizar un estudio sobre los modelos estelares basándose en la física estadística. Por ese motivo, el trabajo se centra en el estudio de las estrellas enanas blancas, estrellas cuyas propiedades pueden ser estudiadas casi completamente bajo el uso de la mecánica estadística cuántica. Con intención de situar este tipo de estrellas en un contexto más amplio, precederá a su estudio un análisis de las estrellas pertenecientes a la Secuencia Principal: estrellas de tipo “normal”, como el Sol, que terminan sus días como estrellas enanas blancas. En ese estudio se pretende poner en manifiesto su comportamiento básico. Continuando con el proceso de contextualización dentro de la evolución estelar, se estudiarán de manera somera, las estrellas de neutrones como otro cuerpo residual equivalente en la muerte de estrellas de la Secuencia Principal más masivas. Resulta interesante, tratar la relación de este tipo de estrellas con el proceso de detección de ondas gravitacionales, a la luz de las recientes detecciones de las mismas. Por ello, se mencionarán ciertos aspectos clave sobre dos misiones punteras en este ámbito.Grado en Físic

Assessment of non-physical user violence and burnout in primary health Care professionals. The modulating role of job satisfaction

Introduction: Growing concern about workplace violence shows the need for an evaluation in specific contexts in order to identify the particularities of each professional group. The health sector consists of a group of professionals with high exposure to violence, specially from users. There are differences depending on the professional category or unit in which the professional works. In this regard, Primary Health Care (PHC) is characterized by a personalized and continuous patient treatment over time, which is not exempt from cases of violence. Among the commonly studied consequences of these situations are decreases in job satisfaction and burnout. Objective: The main objective of this study is to analyze the modulating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between non-physical user violence and the onset of burnout. Methods: Cross-sectional comparative descriptive design. The sample consisted of 574 professionals from 39 PHC centers of the Murcian Health Service. Data were collected using two-stage cluster sampling. For data analysis, descriptive analysis, correlations and stepwise hierarchical regression were used to analyze the interaction between the variables. Results: Regression analysis draws a model where non-physical violence and low intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction act as modulators of non-physical violence, cynicism and emotional exhaustion. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the psychological consequences of the perception of user violence in the PHC staff. Furthermore, it is evident that the emergence of burnout syndrome in these professionals is related to exposure to verbal or non-physical violence together with low job satisfaction. In this sense, a circular and bidirectional relationship between the variables studied is proposed as a possible explanatory model

Evaluación de la satisfacción y de la inserción laboral de los egresados del Máster Universitario en Gobierno y Administración Pública

El proyecto evalúa el grado de satisfacción e inserción laboral de los egresados del máster desde el curso 2010-2011 a 2015-201

Reproducibilidad de los resultados de un instrumento para valorar incontinencia urinaria en ancianos, Chile

This research seeks the reproducibility of the results of a urinary incontinence assessment instrument in elderly or older adults of both sexes. This research was conducted in Chile's fifth region, during 2019 by using the questionnaire:International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short - Form (ICIQ-SF). The objective of the questionnaire is to assess urinary incontinence in a transversal way to the age and gender of the user. The questionnaire was originally validated in the English language, with a Cronbach Alfa coefficient of 0.95, with reliability rated as very satisfactory. Subsequently, in2004, validation of the Spanish version was carried out, allowing satisfactory values with anAlfa coefficient of Cronbach of 0.89. In Chile, in 2012, the instrument was validated by the University of the Andes in people benefiting from the National Health Fund (FONASA), but with the limitation of sex and age, due to its exclusive application in women, it obtained a Cronbach Alfa of 0.87, with adequate reliability. Material and Method. Quantitative study, convenience sample, 93 total adult participants over both sexes with an average age of 71.17 years and a standard deviation of 8,397. Results. The results obtained yielded a reliability of 0.684 with correction of inverted items. Conclusion. It is concluded that the instrument has low reliability, in consequence, it is recommended to modify the instrument to obtain statistically acceptable value in future research.Introducción. El objetivo fue determinar la reproducibilidad de los resultados de un instrumento de valoración de incontinencia urinaria en la población anciana o adulta mayor de ambos sexos, en la región de Valparaíso, Chile, durante el año 2019, por medio del cuestionario: Internacional Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF), orientado a valorar la incontinencia urinaria de manera transversal a la edad y sexo del usuario. El cuestionario fue validado originalmente en el idioma inglés, con un coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0,95, con una fiabilidad calificada como muy satisfactoria. Posteriormente, en el año 2004, se realizó la validación de la versión española, permitiendo valores satisfactorios con un coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0,89. En Chile, en el año 2012, el instrumento fue validado por la Universidad de los Andes en personas beneficiarias del Fondo Nacional de Salud (FONASA), pero con la limitante de sexo y edad, debido a su aplicaciónexclusiva en mujeres, el cual obtuvo un Alfa de Cronbach de 0,87, con una adecuada confiabilidad. Material y Método. Estudio cuantitativo, muestra por conveniencia, contó con la participación de un total de 93 adultos mayores, aprobado por el Comité de ética Universidad santo Tomás. Resultados. La edad promedio fue de 71,17 años (DE=8,397), ambos sexos con predominio femenino, se logró una fiabilidad de 0,684 con corrección de ítems invertidos. Conclusión. El instrumento presenta baja confiabilidad, por lo cual se recomienda su modificación para obtener un valor aceptable desde el punto de vista estadístico en futuras investigaciones

Performance of a Quantitative PCR-Based Assay and Beta-d-Glucan Detection for Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Neonatal Patients (CANDINEO Study)

An epidemiological, multicenter, noninterventional, observational case-control study was conducted to describe the performance of serum beta-d-glucan (BDG) and Candida PCR in blood, serum, and sterile samples for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis (IC) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm neonates and to compare these techniques with culture of samples from blood and other sterile sites. Seventeen centers participated in the study, and the number of episodes analyzed was 159. A total of 9 episodes of IC from 9 patients (7 confirmed and 2 probable) and 150 episodes of suspected sepsis from 117 controls were identified. The prevalence of IC was 5.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.1 to 9.3). The mortality was significantly higher in episodes of IC (44.4%) than in the non-IC episodes (11.1%, P < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR performed on blood/serum samples were 87.5% and 81.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the BDG results were lower (75.0% and 64.6%). For cases with negative culture results, the PCR and the BDG results were positive in 27 (17.4%) and 52 (33.5%) episodes, respectively. The presence of multiorgan failure, improvement with empirical antifungal therapy, thrombocytopenia, and Candida colonization were significantly associated (P < 0.01) with PCR or BDG positivity regardless of the results of the cultures. Serum BDG analysis and Candida PCR could be used as complementary diagnostic techniques to detect IC in VLBW neonates.This study was initiated and financially supported by Astellas Pharma Inc. Manuel Cuenca-Estrella has received grant support from Astellas Pharma Inc., bioMérieux, Basilea, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, Schering Plough, Soria Melguizo SA, Ferrer International, the European Union, the ALBAN program, the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation, the Spanish Ministry of Culture and Education, the Spanish Health Research Fund, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness), the Ramon Areces Foundation, and the Mutua Madrileña Foundation. Jose T. Ramos has received fees for conferences from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and Janssen-Cilag and grant support from the Gilead Fellowship Program. Elena Bergon-Sendin received grant support from Astellas Pharma Inc. during the conduct of the study. Paloma Anguita Alonso is an employee of Astellas Pharma Inc. The rest of us have no conflicts to report. Medical writing support was provided by Lucy Kanan on behalf of Bioscript Medical Ltd., funded by Astellas Pharma IncS

Autophagy in Hematological Malignancies

Autophagy is a highly conserved metabolic pathway via which unwanted intracellular materials, such as unfolded proteins or damaged organelles, are digested. It is activated in response to conditions of oxidative stress or starvation, and is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and other vital functions, such as differentiation, cell death, and the cell cycle. Therefore, autophagy plays an important role in the initiation and progression of tumors, including hematological malignancies, where damaged autophagy during hematopoiesis can cause malignant transformation and increase cell proliferation. Over the last decade, the importance of autophagy in response to standard pharmacological treatment of hematological tumors has been observed, revealing completely opposite roles depending on the tumor type and stage. Thus, autophagy can promote tumor survival by attenuating the cellular damage caused by drugs and/or stabilizing oncogenic proteins, but can also have an antitumoral effect due to autophagic cell death. Therefore, autophagy-based strategies must depend on the context to create specific and safe combination therapies that could contribute to improved clinical outcomes. In this review, we describe the process of autophagy and its role on hematopoiesis, and we highlight recent research investigating its role as a potential therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. The findings suggest that genetic variants within autophagy-related genes modulate the risk of developing hemopathies, as well as patient survival

Usefulness of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to detect Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) muscle larvae in ham and sausages made from the meat of an experimentally infected pig

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la utilidad de la espectroscopia infrarroja transformada de Fourier (IRTF) para detectar larvas musculares de Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) en jamón y salchichas hechas de carne de un cerdo infectado experimentalmente. Las larvas musculares (LM) se buscaron mediante métodos convencionales (digestión artificial y triquinoscopía teñida con tinción de hemalum de Mayer) y por espectroscopia IRTF. Además, se analizó la capacidad infectiva de las larvas encontradas en los productos porcinos. La carga parasitaria fue de 8.5 ± 3 LM/g en jamón y 4.5 ± 1.4 LM/g en salchicha (P<0.0001). Los espectros de los productos porcinos preparados con la carne de un cerdo no infectado fueron diferentes en el rango de 1,700 a 900 cm-1 con respecto a los espectros de los productos de cerdos infectados. En esta región, el glucógeno es el grupo químico más abundante (1,200 y 900 cm-1). La distancia entre las clases entre los productos no infestados y los infestados fue de 10.2 para el jamón y de 5.52 para las salchichas (tres es el valor mínimo para indicar la separación de clases). La capacidad infectiva de las larvas recuperadas de los productos porcinos disminuyó hasta cinco veces en comparación con la de las larvas obtenidas de ratones infectados experimentalmente. Estos resultados muestran que la espectroscopia IRTF es útil para determinar la presencia de larvas de T. spiralis en los alimentos estudiados aquí. Se necesitan más estudios para determinar la influencia de los sabores de la carne en la detección de Trichinella mediante espectroscopia IRTF.The aim of this work was to determine the usefulness of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to detect muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) in ham and sausages made from the meat of an experimentally infected pig. It was searched for the muscle larvae (ML) by conventional methods (artificial digestion and trichinoscopy stained with Mayer´s hemalum stain) and by FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, the infective capacity of the larvae found in swine products was analyzed. The parasite load was 8.5 ± 3 mL/g in ham and 4.5 ± 1.4 mL/g in sausage (P<0.0001). The spectra of the pig products prepared with the meat of an uninfected pig were different in the range of 1,700 to 900 cm-1 with respect to the spectra of the products from infected pigs. In this region, glycogen is the most abundant chemical group (1,200 and 900 cm-1). The distance between classes between non-infested and infested products was 10.2 for ham and 5.52 for sausages (three is the minimum value to indicate class separation). The infective capacity of the larvae recovered from pig products decreased up to five times compared to that of the larvae obtained from experimentally infected mice. These results show that the FTIR spectroscopy is useful to determine the presence of T. spiralis larvae in the foods studied here. Further studies are needed to determine the influence of meat flavors on the detection of Trichinella by FTIR spectroscopy

Lo tangible e intangible del diseño

1 archivo PDF (366 páginas)"El Departamento de Evaluación del Diseño, en el Tiempo de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Azcapotzalco, publica este libro colectivo, donde se aborda la discusión y el análisis sobre "Lo tangible e intangible del diseño". Este libro tiene como finalidad el profundizar en distintas posiciones teóricas, metodológicas y empíricas, donde un grupo interdisciplinario de profesores investigadores del Departamento de Evaluación, desde la arquitectura, los estudios urbanos, la educación, la historia, la semiótica, el diseño de la comunicación gráfica y el industrial; buscan convergencias y discuten divergencias que puedan generar servir como referentes intelectuales y teóricos, en el diseño. Este libro es resultado del Cuarto Coloquio Departamental: Lo tangible e Intangible del Diseño. Evaluación de Objetos, Espacios, Mensajes, realizado durante el mes de septiembre del año 2004, el cual se constituyó como un espacio para el intercambio de experiencias académicas y profesionales, desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, centrada en la reflexión y la discusión sobre la manera de cómo se puede analizar, definir y evaluar, lo tangible y lo intangible en el diseño"

Use of tocilizumab in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-1

Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with coronavirus infection is related to a cytokine storm with large interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. The IL-6-receptor blocker tocilizumab may control the aberrant host immune response in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . In this pandemic, kidney transplant (KT) recipients are a high-risk population for severe infection and showed poor outcomes. We present a multicenter cohort study of 80 KT patients with severe COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab during hospital admission. High mortality rate was identified (32.5%), related with older age (hazard ratio [HR] 3.12 for those older than 60 years, P = .039). IL-6 and other inflammatory markers, including lactic acid dehydrogenase, ferritin, and D-dimer increased early after tocilizumab administration and their values were higher in nonsurvivors. Instead, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels decreased after tocilizumab, and this decrease positively correlated with survival (mean 12.3 mg/L in survivors vs. 33 mg/L in nonsurvivors). Each mg/L of CRP soon after tocilizumab increased the risk of death by 1% (HR 1.01 [confidence interval 1.004-1.024], P = .003). Although patients who died presented with worse respiratory situation at admission, this was not significantly different at tocilizumab administration and did not have an impact on outcome in the multivariate analysis. Tocilizumab may be effective in controlling cytokine storm in COVID-19 but randomized trials are needed

Serum levels of S-100 protein are directly proportional to the size, number, thickness and degree of cellularity of congenital melanocytic nevi

To the Editor: Some patients with congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) present progressive growth and thickening, extracutaneous involvement (neurocutaneous melanocytosis, NCM) or neoplastic transformation (melanoma); and others remain stable or even regress. There are no markers to assess progression or follow-up. Recently, we found S-100, a protein which acts on cell differentiation and proliferation, elevated in CMN.1 S-100 is a ligand of the RAGE pathway (related to the MAPK-pathway), and low serum levels of soluble-RAGE were related to poor survival in melanoma.2 Also SOX10, expressed in melanocytes with high specificity, is useful in detection, prognosis and treatment assessment of melanoma.3 We explored if S-100, RAGE and SOX10 serum levels vary in children’s CMN and assessed clinical or pathological correlations