El aula de educación física en la enseñanza primaria

En este artículo nuestra intención se concreta en determinar las condiciones idóneas que debe tener el aula de Educación Física desde el ambiente o percepción global que debe producir hasta los requisitos de los diferentes tipos de espacios de prioridad educativa en las etapas del Sistema Educativo Español, más concretamente en la Educación Primaria. Señalamos los espacios definidos en la normativa vigente y, a partir de la reflexión acerca de la repercusión del espacio en el aprendizaje, presentamos la propuesta y análisis detallado de los espacios de Educación Física en esta etapa educativa (la Sala cubierta, la Pista Polideportiva y la Zona de Juegos). Aportamos sus características idóneas tanto técnicas como funcionales (dimensiones, temperatura, pavimento, iluminación, acústica y barreras arquitectónicas) con el fin de lograr un ambiente seguro, atrayente y motivante que facilite el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los alumnos

Long-term effects of intermittent adolescent alcohol exposure in male and female rats

Alcohol is a serious public health concern that has a differential impact on individuals depending upon age and sex. Patterns of alcohol consumption have recently changed: heavy episodic drinking—known as binge-drinking—has become most popular among the youth. Herein, we aimed to investigate the consequences of intermittent adolescent alcohol consumption in male and female animals. Thus, Wistar rats were given free access to ethanol (20% in drinking water) or tap water for 2-h sessions during 3 days, and for an additional 4-h session on the 4th day; every week during adolescence, from postnatal day (pnd) 28–52. During this period, animals consumed a moderate amount of alcohol despite blood ethanol concentration (BEC) did not achieve binge-drinking levels. No withdrawal signs were observed: no changes were observed regarding anxiety-like responses in the elevated plus-maze or plasma corticosterone levels (pnd 53–54). In the novel object recognition (NOR) test (pnd 63), a significant deficit in recognition memory was observed in both male and female rats. Western Blot analyses resulted in an increase in the expression of synaptophysin in the frontal cortex (FC) of male and female animals, together with a decrease in the expression of the CB2R in the same brain region. In addition, adolescent alcohol induced, exclusively among females, a decrease in several markers of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, in which epigenetic mechanisms, i.e., histone acetylation, might be involved. Taken together, further research is still needed to specifically correlate sex-specific brain and behavioral consequences of adolescent alcohol exposure

Insecticidal activity of paraherquamides, including paraherquamide H and paraherquamide I, two new alkaloids isolated from Penicillium cluniae

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see [insert ACS Articles on Request author-directed link to Published Work, see http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/articlesonrequest/index.html.[EN] Paraherquamide H (1) and paraherquamide 1 (2), two new compounds of the paraherquamide (PHQ) family, together with the already known paraherquamide A (3), paraherquamide B (4), paraherquamide E (5), VM55596 (N-oxide paraherquamide) (6), paraherquamide VM55597 (7), and five known diketopiperazines (8-12) have been isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium cluniae Quintanilla. The structure of 1 and 2, on the basis of NMR and MS analysis, was established. It is worth noticing that, in both cases, an unusual oxidative substitution in C-16 was found, which had only previously been detected in PHQ 7. Isolated compounds were tested for insecticidal activity against the hemipteran Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas. Mortality data have allowed preliminary structure activity relationships to be proposed. The most potent product was 5 with a LD50 of 0.089,mu g/nymph.The authors acknowledge the Conselleria de Educación y Ciencia de la C. Valenciana for the doctoral grant to M. P. L, the Fundación José y Ana Royo, the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT) and the Conselleria de Agricultura, P. y A. de la C. Valenciana, for financial supportLópez-Gresa, MP.; Gonzalez Más, MC.; Ciavatta, ML.; Ayala Mingol, I.; Moya, P.; Primo, J. (2006). Insecticidal activity of paraherquamides, including paraherquamide H and paraherquamide I, two new alkaloids isolated from Penicillium cluniae. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54(8):2921-2925. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0530998S2921292554

Constraints to virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with a potyvirus amplicon

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Plant genomes have been transformed with full-length cDNA copies of viral genomes, giving rise to what has been called 'amplicon' systems, trying to combine the genetic stability of transgenic plants with the elevated replication rate of plant viruses. However, amplicons' performance has been very variable regardless of the virus on which they are based. This has boosted further interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms that cause this behavior differences, and in developing strategies to control amplicon expression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>Nicotiana benthamiana </it>plants were transformed with an amplicon consisting of a full-length cDNA of the potyvirus <it>Plum pox virus </it>(PPV) genome modified to include a GFP reporter gene. Amplicon expression exhibited a great variability among different transgenic lines and even among different plants of the same line. Plants of the line 10.6 initially developed without signs of amplicon expression, but at different times some of them started to display sporadic infection foci in leaves approaching maturity. The infection progressed systemically, but at later times the infected plants recovered and returned to an amplicon-inactive state. The failure to detect virus-specific siRNAs in 10.6 plants before amplicon induction and after recovery suggested that a strong amplicon-specific RNA silencing is not established in these plants. However, the coexpression of extra viral silencing suppressors caused some amplicon activation, suggesting that a low level of RNA silencing could be contributing to maintain amplicon repression in the 10.6 plants. The resistance mechanisms that prevent amplicon-derived virus infection were also active against exogenous PPV introduced by mechanical inoculation or grafting, but did not affect other viruses. Amplicon-derived PPV was able to spread into wild type scions grafted in 10.6 rootstocks that did not display signs of amplicon expression, suggesting that resistance has little effect on virus movement.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that amplicon-derived virus infection is limited in this particular transgenic line by a combination of factors, including the presumed low efficiency of the conversion from the transgene transcript to replicable viral RNA, and also by the activation of RNA silencing and other defensive responses of the plant, which are not completely neutralized by viral suppressors.</p

Valorization of soda lignin from wheat straw solid-state fermentation: Production of oleogels.

This work describes the solid-state fermentation(SSF) of wheat straw with Streptomyces sp. MDG147 and further soda-pulping process to obtain wheat straw soda lignins(WSLs). Subsequently, these WSLs were NCO-functionalized with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and then dispersed in castor oil to achieve stable oleogels. The WSLs were characterized using standard analytical methods, gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Rheological properties of oleogels were determinedby means of small-amplitude oscillatory shear and viscous flow measurements. The enzymatic profile and production oflignin&#8722;carbohydrate complexes were recorded along the growth time of Streptomyces, whose life cycle was achieved after 7 days. NCO-functionalized WSL was able to chemically interact with castor oil via urethane bonding, providing oleogels with suitable rheological characteristics. Linear viscoelastic functions and viscosity values of oleogels were higher when wheat straw was submitted to SSF using Streptomyces, turning out in stronger oleogels.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitivida

IAA : Información y actualidad astronómica (24)

Sumario : Máseres en el espacio.-- Venus Express.-- El complejo cinturón de asteroides.-- DECONSTRUCCIÓN Y otros ENSAYOS : Rotación diferencial y oscilaciones estelares.-- ACTUALIDAD.-- ENTRE BASTIDORES .-- HISTORIAS DE ASTRONOMÍA: El astrónomo de vista prodigiosa.-- CIENCIA: PILARES E INCERTIDUMBRES : Ondas gravitatorias.-- ACTIVIDADES IAA.Esta revista se publica con la ayuda FCT-08-0130 del Programa Nacional de Fomento de la Cultura Científica y Tecnológica 2008.N

Chapter 4.The oceanographic and climatic context

The Alboran Sea is the westernmost basin of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the first one receiving the Atlantic waters flowing through the Strait of Gibraltar and the last one crossed by Mediterranean waters on their way out to the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, the main factor that determines the Alboran Sea circulation and its water mass distribution is the Atlantic–Mediterranean exchange forced by climatic conditions within the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar geometry. This general circulation exhibits very strong energetic dynamics with the alternation of cyclonic and anticyclonic circulation cells. The Alboran Sea circulation is highly variable in time at different scales. Some of the shortest ones are semidiurnal and diurnal, associated to the tidal dynamics. The sub-inertial time scale is mainly linked to the wind and atmospheric pressure field variability, and affects the main circulation patterns of the Alboran Sea. Seasonal variability and long-term changes associated with decadal or even longer term changes are caused by alterations in the heat and freshwater fluxes between the Mediterranean Sea, the atmosphere, the nearby Atlantic Ocean and the river basins on land. These changes directly affect the temperature and salinity of the water masses within the Alboran Sea, while it is difficult to predict how they could affect their circulation and dynamics. In this chapter, some of the observed trends in the Alboran Sea water masses are presented. These changes include temperature and salinity increases of the water column, very likely caused by the current climate change process.En prens

Asteroseismology with the WIRE satellite. I. Combining Ground- and Space-based Photometry of the Delta Scuti Star Epsilon Cephei

We have analysed ground-based multi-colour Stromgren photometry and single-filter photometry from the star tracker on the WIRE satellite of the delta scuti star Epsilon Cephei. The ground-based data set consists of 16 nights of data collected over 164 days, while the satellite data are nearly continuous coverage of the star during 14 days. The spectral window and noise level of the satellite data are superior to the ground-based data and this data set is used to locate the frequencies. However, we can use the ground-based data to improve the accuracy of the frequencies due to the much longer time baseline. We detect 26 oscillation frequencies in the WIRE data set, but only some of these can be seen clearly in the ground-based data. We have used the multi-colour ground-based photometry to determine amplitude and phase differences in the Stromgren b-y colour and the y filter in an attempt to identify the radial degree of the oscillation frequencies. We conclude that the accuracies of the amplitudes and phases are not sufficient to constrain theoretical models of Epsilon Cephei. We find no evidence for rotational splitting or the large separation among the frequencies detected in the WIRE data set. To be able to identify oscillation frequencies in delta scuti stars with the method we have applied, it is crucial to obtain more complete coverage from multi-site campaigns with a long time baseline and in multiple filters. This is important when planning photometric and spectroscopic ground-based support for future satellite missions like COROT and KEPLER.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables. Fig. 4 reduced in quality. Accepted by A&