Comparison between two design methods implants, based on reverse engineering, design and engineering technologies, BIOCAD/CAD/CAE

Resumen El principal propósito del presente artículo de investigación, fue comparar dos métodos usados para el diseño y evaluación biomecánica de implantes dentales. El primer método se desarrolló basado en la integración de una técnica imagenológica usada en diagnóstico de imágenes tomográficas, para la reconstrucción de modelos 3D virtuales óseos con herramientas software de ingeniería inversa, articulada al diseño aplicado en ingeniería e ingeniería mecánica aplicada. En el segundo método, la probeta de mandíbula fue modelada en un software CAD (Computer Aided Design) que fue utilizado para el diseño del implante; posteriormente fue realizado la simulación biomecánica estática en un entorno CAE (Computer Aided Engineering), aplicando cargas incrementales de torque de inserción en la interfase hueso implante. Los análisis por simulación en ambos métodos fueron realizados basados en los mismos criterios de evaluación. Se corroboró por simulación los valores de torque de inserción apropiados para mantener una adecuada relación en la interfase hueso implante. Por otra parte los resultados obtenidos por la aplicación de cada método de diseño fueron analizados y comparados para conocer el efecto de la integración de las técnicas imagenológicas apropiadas desde el software Bio CAD y articulado con las tecnologías software CAD CAE. Abstract The main objective of this research work was to make a comparison between two methods used for design and biomechanical assessment of dental implants.. The first method is based on integration of an imaging technique used in diagnosis of tomographic images applied to 3D bone model reconstruction with reverse engineering software tools implemented on engineering applications. In the second method a specimen of jaw modeled in CAD (Computer Aided Design) software used to implant design was implemented, then a static simulation biomechanics was performed in a CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) environment, applying elementary insertion torque loads at the bone-implant interface. Simulations Analysis were performed for both methods, using the same evaluation criteria. Appropriate insertion torque values were confirmed with simulations as appropriate to maintain a proper relationship at the bone-implant interface. The results obtained using each method were analyzed and compared to determine the effect on appropriate integration of BioCAD imaging techniques and articulation with Technologies CAD and CAE

Analysis of Deterioration in a Plasma Focus Device

Indexación: Scopus.The Plasma Focus (PF) is a kind of dense transient plasmas in with high-pulsed voltage. To produce devices for eld application it is necessary to obtain PF equipment able to operate for a long period of time. Thus, a reliability analysis is indispensable. In this work a reliability analysis program for plasma focus devices is presented. The program considers a criticality analysis using Failure Modes and Effects Criticality Analysis (FMECA) to identify the most important failure modes of the system. Said failure modes are studied operating the Plasma Focus for many cycles, obtaining from them the characteristic curves of V(t) and İ(t). Feature Extraction (FE) techniques are applied to obtain a list of parameters that correlate to the degrading process. Furthermore, Machine Learning tools are used to learn from the obtained data, linking the changes in these parameters during its life cycle to the decay of the system in hope for future implementation of a predictive maintenance system and a reference for data analysis and prediction in PFs. The study was applied to a portable plasma focus device operated at 2 joules of stored energy. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The work is supported by IAEA CRP contract 20370 and by grant ACT-1115, CONICYT, Chile.https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1043/1/01204

Fractura de piso orbitario en un jugador de béisbol

Presentamos un caso de un paciente, jugador de béisbol que sufrió una fractura de piso orbitario al recibir un golpe directo (blowout) con un bate que se le escapó a otro jugador, esta fractura fue reparada con un bloque de Hidroxiapatita Porosa HAP -200 .Una vez reconstruido el defecto óseo, el paciente volvió a su vida normal y comenzó de nuevo a jugar béisbol, debido a que desaparecieron la diplopía y el enoftalmo, por lo que tuvo una completa rehabilitación estética y funcional. En los exámenes radiográficos postoperatorios se observó una excelente reconstrucción del piso de la orbita y una osteointegegración del material implantológicoWe attend one patient, baseball player that suffer floor orbital fracture when he received hit in his eye (blowout) during practice baseball. He was operating and repaired this fracture with Porous Hidroxyapatite HAP-200.After operation he returned to play baseball because disappear the signs and symptoms (diplopia and enophthalmo).The radiography study showed excellent result after one yea

Occurrence of Clinical and Sub-Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Herds in the West Littoral Region in Uruguay

Twenty-nine dairy farms were selected to determine the incidence of clinical mastitis, prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and bacterial aetiology in the West Littoral Region of Uruguay. In samples taken by the owner and frozen at -20°C during a week the incidence rate of clinical mastitis was determined as 1.2 cases per 100 cow-months at risk. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated pathogen in 37.5% of 40 milk samples from clinical cases obtained in 1 month. No bacteria grew in the 32.5% of the total samples. A sub-sample including 1077 dairy cows from randomly selected farms was used to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis. These samples were taken on one visit to each farm. The prevalence was 52.4% on a cow basis and 26.7% on an udder quarter basis. In 55.1% of the quarters of the selected animals with more than 300 000 cells/ml there was no growth. The isolated pathogens from sub-clinical cases and their relative frequencies were: Staphylococcus aureus 62.8%, Streptococcus agalactiae 11.3%, Enterococcus sp. 8%, coagulase-negative staphylococci 7.4%, Streptococus uberis 6.4%, Streptococcus dysgalactiae 1.8%, Escherichia coli 1.5% and Staphylococcus hyicus coagulase-positive 0.6%

Analysis of a sample of type 2 diabetic patients with obesity or overweight and at cardiovascular risk: A cross sectional study in Spain

Background: The multifactorial control of diabetes relies on interventions that provide patients with the best knowledge and resources available. The objective of this research was to analyze the clinical characteristics of a sample of people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, and establish possible links between disease control, family history and lifestyle, to improve the quality of interventions. Family history, lifestyle habits, blood pressure, anthropometric data and laboratory tests were analyzed in this descriptive and comparative cross-sectional study. Results: All patients had a pathological body mass index (BMI), and in those patients with a family history of diabetes, the disease was more serious and onset was earlier. Overall, 70.9% were taking drugs for arterial blood pressure management, with mean values within recommended limits; 87.1% were taking antihyperlipidemic drugs and had mean values for blood lipids within reference range; 93.5% were receiving oral antidiabetic drugs and/or insulin and had blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values higher than recommended limit; and 87% were taking antiplatelet drugs and had fibrinogen and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein higher than the normal range. High HbA1c values were found in a high proportion of our sample who were not following a tailored diet (84.2%), and better BMIs were associated with moderate physical activity. Coexistence of somatic disorders (97.4% of the sample with musculoskeletal diseases) could lead to the lack of physical activity. Conclusions: This sample of patients with type 2 diabetes and at high cardiovascular risk, had acceptable metabolic control, facilitated by drug therapy. Family history of diabetes was associated with earlier disease onset and worse disease progression. Patients who were not following a tailored diet had worse HbA1c values compared with those who were. Individuals who practiced moderate physical activity in line with international recommendations for weight maintenance had the best BMI values, but the high prevalence of comorbidities could adversely affect exercise habits. Appropriate use of medication, dietary advice, and tailored physiotherapy physical activity suitable for people with comorbidities should be included in multifactorial treatment strategies for these patients, particularly in the presence of a family history of diabetes

Caninos incluidos, tratamiento odontológico. Revisión de la literatura

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos 5 años (2006-2011), sobre la situación actual de los caninos incluidos y su tratamiento. Se ha analizado la incidencia, etiología, diagnóstico y factores pronósticos de su alineamiento, así como las terapéuticas de los mismos. Su manejo es de especial importancia, ya que estos dientes tienen un papel fundamental en la apariencia facial, estética dental, desarrollo del arco dental y la oclusión funcional. Se deben diagnosticar mediante una evaluación clínica y radiológica minuciosa además de un examen radiográfico; determinando las posibles complicaciones asociadas y las opciones de tratamiento individualizándolas en cada caso. Se han planteado diferentes formas de manejarlos que van desde los controles periódicos, la prevención de la inclusión con el tratamiento interceptivo, el tratamiento ortodóncico-quirúrgico o la extracción. Antes de iniciar cualquier procedimiento debemos valorar las características individuales de cada paciente, así como la situación y la inclinación del diente para lograr nuestro objetivo

Molecular Physiology of Kainate Receptors

28 páginas, 15 figuras, 3 tablas.A decade ago, our understanding of the molecular properties of kainate receptors and their involvement in synaptic physiology was essentially null. A plethora of recent studies has altered this situation profoundly such that kainate receptors are now regarded as key players in the modulation of transmitter release, as important mediators of the postsynaptic actions of glutamate, and as possible targets for the development of antiepileptic and analgesic drugs. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the properties of kainate receptors focusing on four key issues:1) their structural and biophysical features, 2) the important progress in their pharmacological characterization,3) their pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms of action, and4) their involvement in a series of physiological and pathological processes. Finally, although significant progress has been made toward the elucidation of their importance for brain function, kainate receptors remain largely an enigma and, therefore, we propose some new roads that should be explored to obtain a deeper understanding of this young, but intriguing, class of proteins.Work in the laboratory of J. Lerma has been supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture (DGICYT Grants PB93/0150 and UE96/0007 as well as DGESIC Grants PM-0008/96 and PM99–0106), the Ministry of Health (FISSS Grant 95/0869), the Comunidad de Madrid (Grant 08.5/ 0042/1998), and the European Union (Grant BIO2-CT930243). J. C. López-García is the recipient of a long-term fellowship awarded by EMBO.Peer reviewe