Impacts of land abandonment and climate variability on runoff generation and sediment transport in the Pisuerga headwaters (Cantabrian Mountains, Spain)

Producción CientíficaThe Atlantic mountains of Spain are suffering a strong landscape change due to a widespread and intensive emigration to urban areas since the 1950s. This process, representative of global developments in an imminent future, is dominated by urban societies and leads to deep landscape changes in which crop fields and grasslands are abandoned and progressively covered by forest and shrubs. These dynamics have caused in turn a decrease in the runoff and a general slowdown of geomorphological processes. The impacts of land cover change have been simultaneous to an irregularity in precipitation and a significant increase of temperatures. With this background, this paper assesses in detail the impact of landscape change occurred over the last decades (twentieth and twenty-first centuries) on the water and sediment yield in the Pisuerga catchment headwaters (Cantabrian Mountains, N Spain). We analyzed the different components of Global Change in a catchment of 233 km2 extent, that has passed from 15 to 2 habitants/km2, from multiple data sources. Evolution of land cover was reconstructed from aerial photographs, remote sensing and other resources. The climatic parameters have been studied through meteorological stations, and the hydrological and sedimentological responses over time are based on available runoff data and sedimentological analysis. Our results show a significant decrease in water and sediment transport mainly driven by vegetation increase occurred in a non-linear way, more intense immediately after abandonment. This fact opens the opportunity to control more accurately water resources in Mediterranean catchments through land use management.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project CGL2015-68144-R)Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional (grant FPU13/05837

Mapping the potential distribution of frozen ground in Tucarroya (Monte Perdido Massif, the Pyrenees)

Producción CientíficaEste trabajo describe la metodología utilizada para cartografiar los suelos potencialmente helados en el valle de Tucarroya, en el Parque Nacional de Ordesa. Para cartografiar las formas asociadas a la presencia de hielo se combinó trabajo de campo, datos térmicos procedentes de sensores automáticos de temperatura del suelo y mediciones de la base del manto de nieve (BTS), así como variables predictivas obtenidas de un Modelo Digital de Elevaciones (MDE). La cartografía diferencia cuatro ambientes, suelo no congelado con actividad de la helada, suelos helados estacionales, permafrost posible y permafrost probable. El mapa revela una extensión del permafrost muy limitada, con escasez de formas asociadas. Solo se ha detectado por encima de los 2700 m de altitud en ambientes topográficos favorables, pendientessuaves y protegidos de la radiación solar. Los suelos helados estacionales son los ambientes más comunes y se desarrollan por encima de los 2500 m s.n.m., mientras los suelos no congelados,pero con heladas solo están presentes entre los 2570 y los 2750 m de altitud en laderas que reciben elevada radiación solarMinisterio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (projects CGL2015-68144-R / CGL2017-82216-R)Geoparque de Sobrarbe (project R- ADM15/57

Identification of the water stress level in olive trees during pit hardening using the trunk growth rate indicator.

Water scarcity is generating an increasing interest in deficit irrigation scheduling. The trunk diameter fluctuations are daily cycles that have been suggested as tools for irrigation scheduling. The trunk growth rate (TGR) was suggested as the best indicator for olive trees during pit hardening. The aim of this work is to clarify how the TGR could be used to identify water stress levels. The experiment was performed during the 2017 season, in a commercial, super-high-density orchard in Carmona (Seville, Spain). Four different irrigation treatments were performed according to midday stem water potential values and TGR. The data obtained were very variable and both indicators presented a wide range of water status throughout the season. The maximum trunk diameter data clearly showed the pattern of the trees water status but the comparison between treatments and the identification of the water stress level was not possible. The average TGR was linked to the midday stem water potential, but with a minimum amount of data. Irrigation scheduling based on the average TGR was difficult because of the great increases in some daily TGR values. For clarity, the pool of data was grouped by midday stem water potential. These water stress levels were characterized using the weekly frequency of TGR values. The increase of water stress reduced the frequency of values between -0.1 and 0.3mm day-1 from 60% to less than 25%. Moderate water stress levels increased the percentage of values lower than -0.3mm day-1 from 7% to 37%. The most severe water stress conditions increased the TGR values between -0.3 and -0.1mm day-1 from 16% up to 22%.IRNASINSTITUTO DE LA GRASACSI

Efecto de los macronutrientes en modelos animales de enfermedad periodontal: una revisión sistemática

Objectives: Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic oral diseases worldwide and represents a major public health problem in many countries. Periodontal diseases include chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis that are usually due to the inflammation of gingiva caused by bacterial infections. Nutrition could exert a pivotal role due to its involvement in a number of inflammatory condition and diseases. Up to now, only some researchers have investigated the role of nutrients on the development and progression of periodontal disease, but the results obtained are often difficult to compare because of the heterogeneity of the studies. Methods: This paper systemically reviews the literature available on databases up to February 2018 on the relationship between macronutrients and the development and progression of periodontal diseases (periodontitis and gingivitis) in animals, with particular attention to the possible mechanisms involved in these pathologies. Results: A total of 5,484 publications were found in the Pubmed database. Title and abstract screening left 88 potential articles according to the selection criteria. No duplicated articles were found. Full-text screening and reading led to a final number of 32 articles. Conclusions: Among all the analyzed macronutrients, those that have any effect on oxidative stress or immune system seem to be important for the prevention of periodontal disease or periodontal disease improvement. On the one hand, there is evidence in favor of a positive role of n-3 fatty acid proportion in diet due to its antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. On the other hand, saturated fat-rich or hypercaloric diets increase oxidative stress or promote inflammation, so they must be avoided.Objetivos: La enfermedad periodontal es una de las enfermedades orales crónicas más comunes en todo el mundo y representa un importante problema de salud pública en muchos países. Las enfermedades periodontales incluyen periodontitis crónica y periodontitis agresiva que generalmente se debe a la inflamación de la encía causada por infecciones bacterianas. La nutrición podría ejercer un papel fundamental ya que participa en diferentes afecciones y enfermedades inflamatorias. Hasta ahora, solo algunos investigadores han investigado el papel de los nutrientes en el desarrollo y la progresión de la enfermedad periodontal, pero los resultados obtenidos a menudo son difíciles de comparar debido a la heterogeneidad de los estudios. Métodos: Este documento revisa sistemáticamente la literatura disponible en bases de datos hasta Febrero de 2018 sobre la relación entre macronutrientes y el desarrollo y progresión de enfermedades periodontales (periodontitis y gingivitis) en animales, con particular atención a los posibles mecanismos implicados en estas patologías. Resultados: Se encontraron un total de 5.484 publicaciones en la base de datos Pubmed. El análisis del título y resumen permitió seleccionar 88 artículos potenciales de acuerdo con los criterios de selección. No se encontraron artículos duplicados. La selección y lectura del texto complejo condujo a una cantidad final de 32 artículos. Conclusiones: Entre todos los macronutrientes analizados, aquellos que tienen algún efecto sobre el estrés oxidativo o el sistema inmune parecen ser importantes para la prevención de la enfermedad periodontal o la mejoría de la enfermedad periodontal. Por un lado, hay evidencia a favor de un papel positivo de la proporción de ácidos grasos n-3 en la dieta debido a sus efectos antioxidantes e inmunomoduladores. Por otro lado, las dietas ricas en grasas saturadas o hipercalóricas aumentan el estrés oxidativo o promueven la inflamación, por lo que deben evitarse

Nou projecte sobre radiacions evolutives alpines a Àsia

Noticia publicada en la web institutcional del Instituto Botánico de Barcelona el 27 de julio de 2016 -- Disponibles PDFs en español y catalán y capturas de pantalla de la noticia en la web.Peer reviewe

Mapping the potential distribution of frozen ground in Tucarroya (Monte Perdido Massif, the Pyrenees)

[EN] This paper shows the creation of a map of frozen ground potential for the Tucarroya valley in Ordesa National Park. To create this map, it was necessary to combine the identified landforms associated to the presence of frozen ground by fieldwork, ground temperature data continuously recorded during two years by automatic loggers, a Basal Temperature of Snow (BTS) survey, and predictor variables derived from a high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Four environments have been differentiated: unfrozen ground, seasonal frozen ground, possible permafrost and probable permafrost. The map confirms a very limited variety and extension of permafrost, above 2700 m a.s.l. on gentle and shadowed slopes. Seasonal frozen ground is the most common thermal regime, as it can be developed above 2500 m a.s.l. Snow-pack duration and thickness tightly control the duration of frozen ground and the freezing-thawing cycles. Frost activity and unfrozen ground is restricted from 2570 to 2750 m a.s.l.SIThis research was funded by I+D+I projects CGL2015-68144-R, Hidroibernieve- CGL2017-82216-R (MINECO of Spanish government-FEDER) and Geoparque Sobrarbe-Comarca del Sobrabe (R- ADM15/57)

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AS A FACTOR OF COMPETITIVENESS IN FAMILY COMPANIES OF THE SERVICE SECTOR IN TIJUANA, B.C., MEXICO

Purpose: The present study contemplates an investigation to know the relationship that exists between the organizational behavior as the factor of competitiveness in the familiar companies of the service sector in Tijuana, B.C.; the fact that companies have an organizational climate not only benefits the human resource itself but also the company conjointly as it generates profits, while raising the quality of human resources and forging an organization with strengths that position it into the market as a competitive company Methodology: 168 representative surveys were carried out on the employees of the family service sector companies registered in the Mexican Business Information System (SIEM), corresponding to Tijuana in Baja California, Mexico. The survey was conducted in the last eight months of 2016 and the first four months of 2017. The quantitative research is applied through survey applications, by questionnaires to the employees of family companies in the service sector to obtain the results. Main Findings: The factors of autonomy, teamwork, support, communication, pressure, recognition, equity, innovation, perception of the organization, motivation, remuneration, training and development, physical and cultural environment, vision, general satisfaction, promotion and career have a direct impact on organizational behavior, as factors of competitiveness in Tijuana, BC, Mexico Implications/Applications: Organizational behavior is important for family businesses and due to the difficult environment faced by family businesses in order to be competitive in our country and in global markets; a good option for owners is to invest in organizational behavior as a market strategy

Umbrales sostenibles de estrés hídrico durante el endurecimiento del hueso en la producción de aceituna de mesa

La programación del riego deficitario controlado (RDC) es una necesidad derivada de la escasez de agua disponible para el riego. La resistencia al estrés hídrico de los diferentes estados fenológicos en olivar está bastante bien documentada pero no así los niveles de estrés hídrico. El objetivo de este trabajo es sugerir en base a experimentos realizados en los últimos 7 años los niveles de estrés hídrico para el manejo del RDC en olivar.Los experimentos descritos en la presente comunicación se han desarrollado en la finca “La Hampa” propiedad del IRNAS (CSIC) en Coria del Río (Sevilla), en un olivar de 37 años cv “Manzanillo” y a un marco de 7*5m. Los experimentos se establecieron con diferentes tratamientos de riego, aplicando condiciones de estrés hídrico durante endurecimiento de hueso y unas semanas antes de cosecha. Se discute los diferentes umbrales detectados y su efecto en cosecha, cantidad y calidad, y en la fisiología de la planta en el años en curso en el ciclo bianual del olivo.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2007-66279-C03-00Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2010-19201-CO4-03Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2013-45922-C2-1-

Trends in Hospitalization of Patients with Potentially Serious Diseases Evaluated at a Quick Diagnosis Clinic

Although quick diagnosis units (QDU) have become a cost-effective alternative to inpatient admission for diagnosis of potentially serious diseases, the rate of return hospitalizations among evaluated patients is unknown. This study examined the temporal trends in admissions of QDU patients through 15 years. Adult patients referred to QDU from 2004 to 2019 who were hospitalized between the first and last visit in the unit were eligible. Decisions about admissions were mainly based on the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol and required independent validation by experienced clinicians using a customized tool. The final analysis included 825 patients. Patient characteristics and major reasons for admission were compared each year and linear trends were analyzed. Admission rates decreased from 7.2% in 2004-2005 to 4.3% in 2018-2019 (p < 0.0001). While a significant increasing trend was observed in the rate of admissions due to cancer-related complications (from 39.5% in 2004-2005 to 61.7% in 2018-2019; p < 0.0001), those due to anemia-related complications and scheduled invasive procedures experienced a significant downward trend. A likely explanation for these declining trends was the relocation of the unit to a new daycare center in 2013-2014 with recovery rooms and armchairs for IV treatments. The facts of this study could help in the provision of anticipatory guidance for the optimal management of patients at risk of clinical complications