47 research outputs found

    Recolonizaci贸n forestal sobre matorrales : Juniperus Thurifera L., Pinus Sylvestris L. y Pinus Pinaster Aiton en el sector oriental del sistema central madrile帽o

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    Se analiza y caracteriza la expansi贸n de Pinus sylvestris L., Juniperus thurifera L. y Pinus pinaster Aiton sobre matorrales de colonizaci贸n, antiguamente utilizados como pastos o centeneras en Somosierra (Sistema Central madrile帽o). Se ofrecen datos acerca de la din谩mica de taxones forestales de inter茅s en la Comunidad de Madrid.This paper analyzed and characterized progressive dynamics of Pinus sylvestris L., Juniperus thurifera L. and Pinus pinaster Aiton. We have studied an "invasive" species colonizing in secondary scrublands in Somosierra (Sistema Central of Madrid) and ancient pastures. It gives data about the dynamics of interesting plant taxon in Comunidad of Madrid

    Recolonizaci贸n forestal sobre matorrales : Juniperus Thurifera L., Pinus Sylvestris L. y Pinus Pinaster Aiton en el sector oriental del sistema central madrile帽o

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    Se analiza y caracteriza la expansi贸n de Pinus sylvestris L., Juniperus thurifera L. y Pinus pinaster Aiton sobre matorrales de colonizaci贸n, antiguamente utilizados como pastos o centeneras en Somosierra (Sistema Central madrile帽o). Se ofrecen datos acerca de la din谩mica de taxones forestales de inter茅s en la Comunidad de Madrid.This paper analyzed and characterized progressive dynamics of Pinus sylvestris L., Juniperus thurifera L. and Pinus pinaster Aiton. We have studied an "invasive" species colonizing in secondary scrublands in Somosierra (Sistema Central of Madrid) and ancient pastures. It gives data about the dynamics of interesting plant taxon in Comunidad of Madrid

    Las fresnedas trasmochadas del piedemonte del Sistema Central en Madrid (Espa帽a): cambios y usos actuales

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    Se pretende analizar y comparar la evoluci贸n de los aprovechamientos de diferentes fresnedas trasmochadas de Fraxinus angustifolia en el piedemonte de la Sierra de Guadarrama (Madrid, Espa帽a). En este sector de la Pen铆nsula Ib茅rica el espacio forestal ha sufrido intensas transformaciones que han modificado la superficie de la masa arbolada. En ocasiones las variaciones no han afectado a la extensi贸n superficial arbolada sino a su funcionalidad productiva. Este es el caso de las especies ubicadas en los sectores m谩s productivos de fosas y depresiones del centro peninsular. Los fresnos han sido y siguen siendo formaciones silvopratenses productivas que, en el caso de Madrid, constituyen uno de los paisajes de mayor inter茅s cultural y natural de la Pen铆nsula, pese a que la presi贸n urban铆stica, el productivismo intensivo y la desaparici贸n de la ganader铆a tradicional y de los canales de trasmisi贸n de la cultura silvoganadera, hayan generado una disminuci贸n progresiva de las pr谩cticas productivas tradicionales. En este trabajo realizamos una aproximaci贸n a la evoluci贸n hist贸rica de la funcionalidad de las fresnedas mediante fuentes hist贸ricas que nos remontan a Ordenanzas de siglos pret茅ritos y enlazan, en un intento de comparaci贸n, con las fuentes digitales disponibles desde mediados del siglo XX. El objetivo final estriba en reconocer el inter茅s que implica el mantenimiento de las fresnedas como un paisaje tradicional productivoThe aim of this work is to analyze and compare the evolution of the different harvested fresnedas of Fraxinus angustifolia in the piedmont of the Sierra de Guadarrama (Madrid, Spain). In this sector of the Iberian Peninsula the forest space has undergone intense transformations that have modified the surface of the wooded mass. Sometimes the variations have not affected the surface extension of the tree but its productive functionality. This is the case of species located in the most productive areas of pits and depressions of the peninsular center. The ash trees have been and continue to be productive silvopratensian formations that, in the case of Madrid, constitute one of the landscapes of greater cultural and natural interest of the Peninsula, despite the fact that urban pressure, intensive productivism and the disappearance of traditional livestock And of the transmission channels of silvoganadera culture, have generated a progressive decrease of the traditional productive practices. In this work we make an approximation to the historical evolution of the functionality of the fresnedas through historical sources that go back to Ordinances of previous centuries and link, in an attempt of comparison, with the digital sources available since the middle of the 20th century. The ultimate goal is to recognize the interest in maintaining fresnedas as a traditional productive landscap

    Impacto de la producci贸n pi帽era en la poblaci贸n de la zona de amortiguamiento de la Reserva de Biosfera La Amistad, Costa Rica

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    En Costa Rica, con la incursi贸n de la compa帽铆a Del Monte en el municipio Buenos Aires de la provincia de Puntarenas, en la zona sur del pa铆s, se inici贸 en 1979 el avance intensivo del monocultivo de pi帽a (Ananas comosus). Los distritos Volc谩n y Brunca y la cabecera del municipio, denominada tambi茅n Buenos Aires, han sido los territorios en los que se ha concentrado la mayor extensi贸n pi帽era. Los pobladores de estos distritos, desde tiempos coloniales, se dedicaban a la actividad ganadera (Bonatti y otros, 2005). Este municipio presenta 铆ndices de desarrollo humano catalogados entre los m谩s bajos del pa铆s. Seg煤n el ranking del 脥ndice de Desarrollo Humano por municipio para el a帽o 2016, Buenos Aires ocupa la posici贸n 70 de un total de 81 municipio

    Pollard Forest of <em>Fraxinus angustifolia</em> in the Centre of Iberian Peninsula: Protection and Management

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    The activity of pollarding Fraxinus angustifolia L. is one of the most singular in the Guadarrama piedmont, Madrid. This treatment generates a patrimonial landscape of great interest and identity. The main aims of this work are to determine the surface covered by Fraxinus angustifolia L.; its conservation state and structure; the main variables that influence its distribution; and the elaboration of a typology. We start with the historical construction of these forests (from the eleventh century until the present moment). Some of them are excellent examples of pollard forests, thanks to the traditional regulations based on regional codes and byelaws and on a rational exploitation from some owners. Then, we analyse the physical determinants of this forest distribution. We establish a typology in which we consider the surface soil moisture, accompanying species, slope, morphostructural unit and type of property. Fraxinus angustifolia L. is, due to its narrow dependence of the existence of water, an indicator species of climate change and therefore vulnerable to the increase in temperatures and its consequences. Furthermore, its value as cultural heritage and the need for its conservation for its silvicultural values are highlighted

    Wilderness Network Conservation in the Cantabrian Region of Northern Spain

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    Natura 2000 is a pan-European network whose principal aim is to conserve the European spaces of greatest natural interest. Its effectiveness is analyzed in a specific sector in Spain, namely the Atlantic Region, through an exhaustive division and assessment by area. This article considers questions related to the impact on the spaces included within the network, providing specific examples associated with the fauna, flora, and the territorial agroecostructures. Alternatives and communication possibilities are suggested for those spaces excluded from the network, but which have a key role as nodes for interchange and connection of biodiversity

    Centrifugal and centripetal forces in the South Pacific territory of Costa Rica: the impacts of agroindustrial expansion

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    Dentro del contexto Centroamericano, la regi贸n Pac铆fico Sur de Costa Rica destaca por su riqueza cultural y biol贸gica; pero tambi茅n por la manifestaci贸n de los impactos negativos de la expansi贸n agroindustrial. Hist贸ricamente, esta regi贸n se ha visto marginada respecto al n煤cleo geo-hist贸rico del pa铆s, y se ha caracterizado por el rezago socioecon贸mico y deterioro ambiental. En este sentido, en la presente investigaci贸n interesa abordar el caso de la regi贸n del Pac铆fico Sur como una regi贸n perif茅rica y transfronteriza, que evidencia el impacto que han tenido las pol铆ticas y estrategias del Estado costarricense para el desarrollo nacional, en la configuraci贸n de los sistemas productivos regionales. A partir de un trabajo de campo que comprendi贸 entrevistas en profundidad y observaci贸n directa, m谩s la consulta de fuentes bibliogr谩ficas, estad铆sticas de agroproducci贸n e indicadores socioecon贸micos diversos, se analiza la incidencia de los agromodelos vigentes en la regi贸n. Como resultado, se sintetizan las principales fuerzas centr铆fugas y centr铆petas que se asocian al rezago socioecon贸mico y a los desequilibrios territoriales manifestados en el territorio. Finalmente, se proponen posibles rutas de acci贸n para superar los desequilibrios imperantes, destacando la agricultura familiar como un modelo productivo m谩s sostenible y acorde a las caracter铆sticas socio ecol贸gicas regionales.The South Pacific region of Costa Rica stands out for its cultural and biological richness in Central America. By contrast, this area is remarkable for the negative impacts of agroindustrial development. Throughout history this region has been marginalized with respect the geo-historical centre of the country. Socio-economic backwardness and environmental degradation are some of the region鈥檚 main features. The research analyses the South Pacific region as a peripheral and cross-border region. This area is included within the policies and strategies of the Costa Rican state for national development and the configuration of regional production systems. The management and consequences of the current agri-models in the region are analysed by different methods. Fieldwork method includes in-depth interviews and direct observation. In addition, we have used bibliographic sources, statistics of agri-production, and socioeconomic indicators. Information about the main centrifugal and centripetal forces and linkages with the socio-economic deficiencies and the territorial imbalances is summarised. Finally, the work proposes possible courses of action to overcome the prevailing imbalances and encourage a more sustainable production model for family farming and an agro-system better suited to the socio-ecological characteristics of the region

    Uma alternativa para produ莽茫o sustent谩vel, seguran莽a alimentar e inova莽茫o agraria na periferia urbana: paisagens Hort铆colas das Terras Altas da Cordilheira Vulc芒nica Central da Costa Rica

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    The highland horticultural landscape in Costa Rica, corresponding to contact areas between the Great Metropolitan Area and the Protected Areas of the Central Volcanic Range is characterized by its constitution based on diverse agri-food systems, with varied sociodemographic profiles and with different management patterns, which faces socioeconomic and environmental threats to their sustainability and permanence. This study considers the main processes, dynamics, and active social and environmental trends of these horticultural landscapes. In-depth interviews were carried out with agricultural producers and local agents with expert agri-environmental criteria; Intensive field work was carried out between 2019 and 2022 with environmental, landscape and social data collection. The results were organized into 5 dimensions, 19 themes, 109 codes and 850 opinions. Remarking the important role that climate change has in these landscapes by its impact, the spontaneous adaptations carried out by producers and the innovation proposals. The horticultural landscapes studied are a valuable resource for the maintenance of agrobiodiversity and for the generation of more sustainable value chains in the largest urban periphery of Costa Rica, while they constitute key spaces for the ecological sustainability of the protected areas of the central mountain system.El paisaje hort铆cola de altura en Costa Rica, correspondiente a las 谩reas de contacto entre la Gran 脕rea Metropolitana y las 脕reas Protegidas de la Cordillera Volc谩nica Central, se caracteriza por constituir sistemas agroalimentarios diversos, con perfiles sociodemogr谩ficos variados y diferentes patrones de manejo. Sin embargo, se enfrenta a amenazas socioecon贸micas y ambientales que comprometen su sostenibilidad y permanencia. Esta investigaci贸n considera los principales procesos, din谩micas y tendencias sociales y ambientales activas de este paisaje. Se realizaron 31 entrevistas semiestructuradas a productores agropecuarios y agentes locales con criterio agroambiental experto mediante un trabajo de campo intensivo entre 2019 y 2022 para recolecci贸n de datos ambientales, paisaj铆sticos y sociales. Los resultados se organizaron en 5 dimensiones, 19 temas, 109 c贸digos y 850 opiniones. Destaca el importante papel del cambio clim谩tico por su impacto, las adaptaciones espont谩neas realizadas por los productores y las propuestas de innovaci贸n. Los paisajes hort铆colas estudiados son un recurso valioso para el mantenimiento de la agrobiodiversidad y para la generaci贸n de cadenas de valor m谩s sostenibles en la periferia urbana m谩s grande de Costa Rica, a la vez que constituyen espacios clave para la sostenibilidad ecol贸gica de los espacios protegidos del sistema monta帽oso central.A paisagem hort铆cola serrana da Costa Rica, correspondente 脿s 谩reas de contato entre a Grande 脕rea Metropolitana e as 脕reas Protegidas da Cordilheira Vulc芒nica Central, caracteriza-se por constituir diversos sistemas agroalimentares, com variados perfis sociodemogr谩ficos e diferentes padr玫es de manejo, enfrentando amea莽as socioecon么micas e ambientais 脿 sua sustentabilidade e perman锚ncia. Esta pesquisa considera os principais processos, din芒micas e tend锚ncias sociais e ambientais ativas dessa paisagem. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com produtores agr铆colas e agentes locais com crit茅rios agroambientais especializados por meio de intenso trabalho de campo entre 2019 e 2022 para coletar dados ambientais, paisag铆sticos e sociais. Os resultados foram organizados em 5 dimens玫es, 19 temas, 109 c贸digos e 850 opini玫es. O importante papel das mudan莽as clim谩ticas se destaca pelo seu impacto, pelas adapta莽玫es espont芒neas feitas pelos produtores e pelas propostas de inova莽茫o. 聽As paisagens hort铆colas estudadas s茫o um recurso valioso para a manuten莽茫o da agrobiodiversidade e para a gera莽茫o de cadeias de valor mais sustent谩veis na maior periferia urbana da Costa Rica, ao mesmo tempo que constituem espa莽os chave para a sustentabilidade ecol贸gica das 谩reas protegidas do sistema montanhoso central

    Paisaje agrario en contextos periurbanos mediterr谩neos: el caso del Gran Sousse (T煤nez)

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    La protecci贸n de la agricultura periurbana mediante la zonificaci贸n de determinados suelos como no urbanizables por los instrumentos de planificaci贸n urban铆stica y territorial resulta insuficiente frente a las fuertes presiones de usos residenciales, industriales, infraestructurales y, en ocasiones, tur铆sticos que provocan su fragilidad. En este texto se aborda la potencialidad del paisaje para activar este tipo de agricultura que se desenvuelve bajo influencia urbana directa y se adopta el Landscape Character Assessment como metodolog铆a sistem谩tica de identificaci贸n y caracterizaci贸n de los paisajes de la agricultura periurbana del Gran Sousse, la principal aglomeraci贸n urbana y tur铆stica del Sahel tunecino, con objeto de su evaluaci贸n, ordenaci贸n y promoci贸n. Se adopta la noci贸n de car谩cter del paisaje y se relaciona con las pol铆ticas p煤blicas de gesti贸n de los espacios agrarios periurbanos tunecinos y la percepci贸n social, mediante entrevistas a una muestra de actores locales y regionales. Se analiza la diversidad paisaj铆stica concretada en 脕reas Paisaj铆sticas de Agricultura Periurbana (APAP), caracterizadas a partir de su particular fisonom铆a, y de los principales elementos y funcionamiento pasado y presente. El estudio concluye con la propuesta de un proyecto de paisaje como infraestructura verde, que implica un modelo de gesti贸n de conflictos de acuerdo con las necesidades propias del paisaje, de los agricultores y de la poblaci贸n que lo percibe y lo utiliza como espacio abierto, fortaleciendo su funci贸n de productor de alimentos de calidad y de proximidad, como un ejercicio de participaci贸n y gobernanza territorial

    Hedgerows and enclosures in rural areas: Traditional vs. modern land use in mediterranean mountains

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    The present paper highlights the importance of hedgerows and enclosures in the mountains of Central Spain. Now, these landscapes have suffered profound variations in terms of agroforestry practices, especially in the Mediterranean mountains where the characteristic multifunctional has largely been lost. The article analyzes land uses changes, dynamics, and their morphological features between the first half of the 20th Century (1956) and the second decade of the present time (2019). The paper was divided into three sections. First, the identification of land uses using orthophotograph and aerial photograph; after that the info was checked with fieldwork. Eleven categories were identified according to the dominant use and land use changes and size of land parcels were taken into consideration. Second, the configuration and the information collected through the type and intensity of change in land uses made it possible to recognise and quantify their distribution and trend between these two dates. Also, the kernel density algorithm available in the Arcgis 10.5 software was used to obtain density and changes in land parcels. Finally, an overview is given of the main role that this agroforestry plays due to the social, ecological, and economic benefits that they provide for allowing sustainable development.This research was funded by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci贸n PID2019- 105711RB-C61 /AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Project: 鈥淢ultifunctional and territorialized agri-food systems in Spain. Conceptuation and governance. Case studies in Madrid and Castilla-La Mancha (SAMUTER MadClM)
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