Percepção dos estudantes sobre comportamento no ensino do professor e satisfação com a Educação Física: uma questão de gênero?

Este estudio analiza la satisfacción con la Educación Física (EF) y la percepción del comportamiento instructivo del profesor (CIP). Participaron 2.536 estudiantes (edad 13,7 ± 2,0). Se aplicaron dos escalas: a) escala de satisfacción con la EF; y b) escala de comportamientos instructivos del profesorado. Los resultados muestran una elevada satisfacción con la EF y la percepción de una buena frecuencia del CIP. Existen algunas diferencias significativas en función del género de los alumnos y profesores. No se produce empatía de género descrita en otros estudios: chicos y chicas perciben mayor frecuencia de comportamientos instructivos deseables cuando el profesor es mujer.Este trabalho analisa a satisfação com a educação física (EF) e a percepção do comportamento no ensino do professor. Participaram 2.536 estudantes (idade 13,77 ± 2,0). Foram aplicadas duas escalas: a) escala de satisfação com a educação física; y b) escala de comportamento no ensino dos professores. Os resultados demonstram uma alta satisfação com a EF, bem como a percepção de uma boa freqüência do comportamento no ensino do professor. Existem algumas diferenças significativas em função do gênero dos alunos e professores. Não há relação direta de simpatia de gênero encontrada em outros estudos: meninos e meninas percebem com mais frequência um comportamento no ensino do professor de maneira desejável, quando ele é uma mulher.The purposes of this study were to analyze the satisfaction with PE and the perception of the students about of the Teacher´ Instructional Behaviours. Participants were 2,536 students (13.7 ± 2.0 years old). Two scales were applied: a) the satisfaction with PE scale; and b) the scale of perception of the Teacher´ Instructional Behaviours. The results illustrate a high level of satisfaction with PE. Students perceive instructional desirable behaviours of their teachers occur frequently. The findings show some significant differences in gender. There is not empathy of gender: both boys and girls perceive more f requent instructional desirable behaviour when the teacher is female.Estudio financiado por el Ministerio Español de Ciencia y Tecnología (Proyecto código SEJ2007-67267/EDU

Efectividad de un programa de rehabilitación multicomponente para pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido y la influencia del tiempo transcurrido desde la lesión hasta el inicio de la intervención

Las personas con Daño Cerebral Adquirido (DCA) presentan dificultades funcionales a distintos niveles (físico, emocional,cognitivo). Los programas de rehabilitación multicomponente parecen ser efectivos en su recuperación, sin embargo son escasos los estudios que analicen su efectividad en población española. Este trabajo pretende analizar laefectividad de estos programas y el efecto del tiempo trascurrido entre la adquisición del daño y el inicio al tratamiento. Método: Participaron 50 pacientes con DCA del Sistema Nacional de Salud derivados a la clínica UNER, con una edad media de 50,34 años (DT=15,74) siendo el 40% (n=20) mujeres. Los participantes recibieron durante 6 meses cincosesiones semanales multidisciplinares de neuropsicología, terapia ocupacional, fisioterapia y logopedia. Se evaluó el nivel de funcionalidad antes y después de la intervención con la Medida de Independencia y Evaluación Funcional (Fim+Fam). Asimismo, se compararon las puntuaciones Fim+Fam entre los participantes de inicio temprano al tratamiento (≤3 meses post-daño, ≤3M) y los de inicio tardío (>3 meses post-daño, >3M). Resultados: Se hallaron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones Fim+Fam antes (M=129,28) y después de la intervención (M=155,52; r=0,61). El grupo ≤3M presentópuntuaciones significativamente superiores (M=174,55) tras la intervención que el grupo >3M (M=142,83;r=0,39). Conclusiones: El programa multicomponente parece ser efectivo en la mejora de la funcionalidad de personas con DCA destacando el área cognitiva. Los resultados sugieren un periodo crítico de inicio al tratamiento de hasta 3 meses que podría optimizar la recuperación del DCA. Son necesarios futuros estudios experimentales con muestras más amplias que corroboren estos resultadosAcquired Brain Injury (ABI) people present diverse functional difficulties at differentlevels (physic, cognitive, emotional). Rehabilitation programs are effective improving the distinct affected areas, however, scant studies have analyze their effectivity in the Spanish population. Therefore, this research aims to study the effectivity of a multi-disciplinary rehabilitation program for ABI people and the influence of time interval from brain injury to rehabilitation start. Method: 50 ABI patients from the National Public Health System were referred to UNER clinic, of which 40% (n=20) were women, with mean age 50.34 years (SD=15.74). Participants completed a 6-month rehabilitation program composed of 5 weekly multidisciplinary sessions of neuropsychology, occupational, speech and physical therapy. Program effectivity was analyzed assessing patients’ functional level before and after intervention through the Functional Independence and Assessment Measure (FimFam). Likewise, FimFam scores were compared between patients with Early Rehabilitation Start (ERS; ≤3moths post-injury) and Late Start (LRS; >3moths post-injury). Results: Statistical significant differences were found in FimFam scores before (M=129.28) and after intervention (M=155.52; r=0.61). Moreover, ERS patients had significant superior FimFamscores after intervention (M=174.55) than LRS patients (M=142.83; r=0.39). Conclusions: This multi-disciplinary rehabilitation program seems to be effective improving ABI patients’ functioning, emphasizing cognitive factor performance. Furthermore, these results suggest a critic period of early rehabilitation start of up to 3 months that could optimized ABI recovery. Future experimental studies with larger samples are needed to corroborate these result

La formación en conceptos en Educación Física: ¿qué saben los alumnos de educación primaria?

Esta investigación se centró en la exploración del grado de conocimiento de la población escolar española referido a conceptos básicos relacionados con la Educación Física y la salud. Se ha aplicado un cuestionario sobre aprendizaje de conceptos en Educación Física (CACEF) a los alumnos y alumnas de Educación Primaria, elaborado por expertos y por profesores en activo (validez de contenido). Se obtuvo una fiabilidad de Alfa de Cronbach (0.85), así como una correlación test-retest en la prueba piloto de 0.84. La muestra estuvo configurada por 1.397 sujetos (N = 1.397) de 6 provincias españolas. Los resultados muestran diferencias relevantes en función de las diferentes dimensiones de conocimiento exploradas. Con carácter general, es necesario señalar que en algunos conceptos relevantes para el conocimiento y la propia salud, se han obtenido resultados muy bajos que indican la necesidad de reforzar las estrategias encaminadas a elevar la ¿cultura física¿ de esta población

Distribution of transition temperatures in magnetic transformations: Sources, effects and procedures to extract information from experimental data

The presence of a distribution of transition temperatures (DTT) is ubiquitous in materials science. It is common to ascribe deviations from theoretical pure-phase behavior to this fact. To adapt the different pure phase models to systems with a DTT, the parameters of such distribution must be known or at least estimated. In this review, the different sources for the existence of such distributions and their effects on magnetothermal properties are summarized. In addition, different models proposed to extract the parameters of the corresponding DTT are discussed and extended, starting from Weiss model, to account for other phenomenologies. Experimental results on amorphous Fe-Nb-B and intermetallic MnCo(Fe)Ge systems are also reported.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MAT 2016-77265-

Perceptions of Covid-19 maternal vaccination among pregnant women and healthcare workers and factors that influence vaccine acceptance: a cross-sectional study in Barcelona, Spain

COVID-19 is associated with poor maternal and pregnancy outcomes. COVID-19 vaccination is recommended in Spain, yet vaccination rates in pregnancy are suboptimal. This study investigates the perceptions of pregnant women and healthcare workers (HCW) regarding COVID-19 vaccination. A web-based cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in 2021-2022 among 302 pregnant women and 309 HCWs in the Catalan public health system. Most pregnant women (83%) and HCWs (86%) were aware of COVID-19 maternal vaccines. The recommendation of the COVID-19 vaccination by an HCW was identified as the greatest facilitator for maternal vaccine uptake, while the fear of harming the foetus was the most significant barrier reported for rejecting vaccination. HCWs recognised they received limited information and training about COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy, which hindered them from providing informed recommendations. This study highlights that information and education on COVID-19 vaccines to pregnant women and health professionals are pivotal to ensuring informed decision-making and increasing vaccine uptake

'Maternal vaccination greatly depends on your trust in the healtcare system': a qualitative study on the acceptability of maternal vaccines among pregnant women and healthcare workers in Barcelona, Spain

The World Health Organization (WHO) identified vaccine hesitancy as one of the top 10 threats to global health in 2019. Health promotion and education have been seen to improve knowledge and uptake of vaccinations in pregnancy. This qualitative study was conducted based on phenomenology, a methodological approach to understand first-hand experiences, and grounded theory, an inductive approach to analyse data, where theoretical generalisations emerge. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with pregnant women attending antenatal care services and healthcare workers (HCWs) in Barcelona, Spain. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded, and notes were taken. Inductive thematic analysis was performed, and data were manually coded. Pertussis was reported as the most trusted vaccine among pregnant women due to its long-standing background as a recommended vaccine in pregnancy. The influenza vaccine was regarded as less important since it was perceived to cause mild disease. The COVID-19 vaccine was the least trustworthy for pregnant women due to uncertainties about effectiveness, health effects in the mid- and long-term, the fast development of the vaccine mRNA technology, and the perceptions of limited data on vaccine safety. However, the necessity to be vaccinated was justified by pregnant women due to the exceptional circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. The recommendations provided by HCW and the established relationship between the HCW, particularly midwives, and pregnant women were the main factors affecting decision-making. The role of mass media was perceived as key to helping provide reliable messages about the need for vaccines during pregnancy. Overall, vaccines administered during pregnancy were perceived as great tools associated with better health and improved quality of life. Pregnancy was envisioned as a vulnerable period in women's lives that required risk-benefits assessments for decision-making about maternal vaccinations. A holistic approach involving the community and society was considered crucial for health education regarding maternal vaccines in support of the work conducted by HCWs

Circulating Cell Biomarkers in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Relationship with Clinical Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Response

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is central to PAH. In this study, we simultaneously analysed circulating levels of endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) and progenitor cells (PCs) in PAH and in controls, as biomarkers of pulmonary endothelial integrity and evaluated differences among PAH subtypes and as a response to treatment. Methods: Forty-seven controls and 144 patients with PAH (52 idiopathic, 9 heritable, 31 associated with systemic sclerosis, 15 associated with other connective tissue diseases, 20 associated with HIV and 17 associated with portal hypertension) were evaluated. Forty-four patients with scleroderma and 22 with HIV infection, but without PAH, were also studied. Circulating levels of EMVs, total (CD31+CD42b-) and activated (CD31+CD42b-CD62E+), as well as circulating PCs (CD34+CD133+CD45low) were measured by flow cytometry and the EMVs/PCs ratio was computed. In treatment-naïve patients, measurements were repeated after 3 months of PAH therapy. Results: Patients with PAH showed higher numbers of EMVs and a lower percentage of PCs, compared with healthy controls. The EMV/PC ratio was increased in PAH patients, and in patients with SSc or HIV without PAH. After starting PAH therapy, individual changes in EMVs and PCs were variable, without significant differences being observed as a group. Conclusion: PAH patients present disturbed vascular homeostasis, reflected in changes in circulating EMV and PC levels, which are not restored with PAH targeted therapy. Combined measurement of circulating EMVs and PCs could be foreseen as a potential biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in PAH

Polygenic contribution to the relationship of loneliness and social isolation with schizophrenia

Previous research suggests an association of loneliness and social isolation (LNL-ISO) with schizophrenia. Here, we demonstrate a LNL-ISO polygenic score contribution to schizophrenia risk in an independent case-control sample (N = 3,488). We then subset schizophrenia predisposing variation based on its effect on LNL-ISO. We find that genetic variation with concordant effects in both phenotypes shows significant SNP-based heritability enrichment, higher polygenic contribution in females, and positive covariance with mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, alcohol dependence, and autism. Conversely, genetic variation with discordant effects only contributes to schizophrenia risk in males and is negatively correlated with those disorders. Mendelian randomization analyses demonstrate a plausible bi-directional causal relationship between LNL-ISO and schizophrenia, with a greater effect of LNL-ISO liability on schizophrenia than vice versa. These results illustrate the genetic footprint of LNL-ISO on schizophrenia

Revisiting the epidemiology of bloodstream infections and healthcare-associated episodes: results from a multicentre prospective cohort in Spain (PRO-BAC Study)

PROBAC REIPI/GEIH-SEIMC/SAEI Group.The epidemiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) is dynamic as it depends on microbiological, host and healthcare system factors. The aim of this study was to update the information regarding the epidemiology of BSIs in Spain considering the type of acquisition. An observational, prospective cohort study in 26 Spanish hospitals from October 2016 through March 2017 including all episodes of BSI in adults was performed. Bivariate analyses stratified by type of acquisition were performed. Multivariate analyses were performed by logistic regression. Overall, 6345 BSI episodes were included; 2510 (39.8%) were community-acquired (CA), 1661 (26.3%) were healthcare-associated (HCA) and 2056 (32.6%) hospital-acquired (HA). The 30-day mortality rates were 11.6%, 19.5% and 22.0%, respectively. The median age of patients was 71 years (interquartile range 60–81 years) and 3656 (58.3%; 95% confidence interval 57.1–59.6%) occurred in males. The proportions according to patient sex varied according to age strata. Escherichia coli (43.8%), Klebsiella spp. (8.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.9%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (7.4%) were the most frequent pathogens. Multivariate analyses confirmed important differences between CA and HCA episodes, but also between HCA and HA episodes, in demographics, underlying conditions and aetiology. In conclusion, we have updated the epidemiological information regarding patients’ profiles, underlying conditions, frequency of acquisition types and aetiological agents of BSI in Spain. HCA is confirmed as a distinct type of acquisition.This work was financed by grants from Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013–2016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades [PI16/01432] and the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI) [RD16/0016/0001; RD16/0016/0008], co‐financed by the European Development Regional Fund ‘A way to achieve Europe’, Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014–2020