El problema dels ponts de Köningsberg: idees per a l’aula

Aprofitem el problema dels ponts de Köningsberg per plantejar a l’alumnat una situació contextualitzada que ens permet treballar diferents aspectes, curriculars o no, de les matemàtiques. A més, seguint directament el fil històric del problema es pot veure com d’una situació prou senzilla es poden deduir grans resultats matemàtics que ens permeten introduir altres aspectes amb més facilitat. La introducció, per part d’Euler, d’un sistema de notació que permet simplificar el plantejament i la resolució del problema dels ponts (començant per un problema més senzill, obrint la possibilitat de noves formes de representació...) facilita la comprensió de la situació per part de l’alumnat i li obre l’oportunitat d’atrevir-se a resoldre altres situacions similars, amb la satisfacció personal que això suposa. D’altra banda, la introducció de la notació matricial i de les operacions amb matrius, sobretot el producte, suposa una dificultat afegida a l’alumnat. Amb aquest plantejament, aconseguim que augmenti el seu interès i, per tant, la millora dels resultats. El fer servir la teoria de grafs no comporta cap complicació afegida, ans al contrari, l’alumnat ho veu com una manera pràctica de representar situacions reals que en facilita la lectura i la interpretació posteriors. Per tant, tot i no ser curricular a secundària, és una bona eina a introduir.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Do female motives for enrolling vary according to STEM profile?

Contribution: Stereotypes and immediate environment are the reasons for low enrollment of women in STEM studies. Background: The low number of women in STEM degree courses has been the subject of much research, which has found that the lack of female enrollment is not evenly distributed across all STEM studies. In some areas, such as computing, communications, and electrical and electronic engineering (CCEEE), not only has the number of women not increased, it has even fallen. Research Questions: Is there a stereotype for women taking STEM studies? Is this stereotype different between women taking CCEEE and non-CCEEE degrees? What are the main reasons that lead women to enroll in STEM studies? Methodology: A survey was sent to 3699 female students and STEM graduates belonging to the authors’ university in six schools with a lowest level of enrollment, and 1060 replies were received. A qualitative study based on data analysis triangulation was performed. Findings: The women surveyed consider social stereotypes (31.47%) and the immediate environment (14.5%) as the main reasons for the low enrollment of women in STEM studies. Surprisingly, the third reason (11.03%) is that women do not like engineering. New knowledge concerning what motivates female students to enroll in STEM studies, what stereotypes they must struggle against, and the existence of possible differences between CCEEE and STEM but non-CCEEE female students could help policy makers and academia to improve female enrollment in STEM and, in particular, in CCEEE studies.Peer ReviewedPostprin

Perfil de las ingenieras TIC versus el de otras mujeres STEM

The low percentage of enrollment of females in the STEM university degrees has been and is the subject of research. Moreover, the low female presence is not evenly distributed in all STEM studies. In certain areas, such as engineering in Informatics, Telecommunications, Electrical and Electronics (hereinafter called ITEE), the presence of women does not grow despite the campaigns to increase female talent and improve data on enrollment. The objectives of this work are to identify the main reasons why women have decided to carry out STEM studies, to determine whether a stereotype of STEM women exist or not, and to detect if there are ifferences between women who choose ITEE studies and those who choose non-ITEE STEM studies. To do this, a survey was sent to 3,699 students and graduates (Alumni) of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - arcelonaTech, and 1,060 responses were received. The results reveal a different profile between women who study ITEE and STEM non-ITEE. Understanding the causes that motivate students to enroll in STEM studies, identify what stereotypes they must fight, and the existence of possible differences between ITEE and STEM non- ITEE profiles, could help the responsible of academic policies to promote and attract talent to improve female enrollment in ITEE and STEM studies in general.Postprint (published version

t’STEAM: acompañar la vocación tecnológica en mujeres de secundaria

El proyecto piloto t'STEAM coordinado por el l'Institut de Ciències de l'Educació (ICE) de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. UPC·BarcelonaTech (UPC) propone utilizar la mentoría entre mujeres como herramienta para motivar y acompañar las vocaciones científico-técnicas en alumnas de secundaria de 4º de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Se pretenden aprovechar las experiencias de estudiantes de la UPC (mentoras) para establecer una relación con chicas de centros de secundaria (mentoradas) que despierte e incentive su interés en los estudios STEM.Postprint (published version

Prácticas docentes con perspectiva de género en la enseñanza de la antigüedad : Una propuesta del grupo de investigación ARSMAYA

The innovation teaching project “Nou-PID: Innovación en la docencia de la Historia del arte: acciones para dar visibilidad a las mujeres en la Antigüedad” of the Universitat de València is presented. First, the main goals are explained, which are based on the implementation of the gender perspective in the studies of Antiquity through the flipped classroom and autonomous and integrated learning methodologies. Next, the teaching practices carried out in the different subjects are developed. They are based on the use of pre-existing quality online resources, and the creation of an online platform through the creation of a blog and the generation of videos. In the last section, a global assessment of the project is undertaken and the study of feminine images of the past is valued not only to make their presence visible in ancient societies, but also to reflect on the creation of femenine stereotypes.Se presenta el Proyecto de Innovación Docente “Nou-PID: Innovación en la docencia de la Historia del arte: acciones para dar visibilidad a las mujeres en la Antigüedad” de la Universitat de València. Primeramente, se explican los principales objetivos del proyecto basados en la implementación de la perspectiva de género en el estudio de las culturas de la Antigüedad a través de la docencia inversa y los aprendizajes autónomos e integrados. Seguidamente, se describen las prácticas docentes llevadas a cabo en diferentes asignaturas y que implican la utilización de recursos online preexistentes y la creación de un espacio de debate online mediante la implementación de un blog y la generación de vídeos propios. En la parte final del artículo, se ofrece una valoración global del proyecto en la que se subraya el estudio de las imágenes femeninas del pasado no sólo para visibilizar su presencia en las sociedades de la Antigüedad, sino también para reflexionar sobre la creación de estereotipos sobre las mujeres

Perfil de las ingenieras TIC versus el de otras mujeres STEM

El bajo porcentaje de matriculación de mujeres en los grados universitarios STEM ha sido y es objeto de investigación. Además, es también conocido que la presencia femenina no se distribuye de manera uniforme en todos los estudios STEM. En determinadas áreas, como las ingenierías en Informática, Telecomunicaciones, Eléctrica y Electrónica (que denominaremos ITEE), la presencia de mujeres no crece a pesar de las campañas para captar talento femenino y aumentar los datos de matriculación. Los objetivos de este trabajo son identificar las principales razones por las cuales las mujeres STEM se han decidido a realizar estos estudios, determinar si hay un estereotipo de mujer STEM y detectar si existen diferencias entre las mujeres que se decantan por estudios ITEE y las que se decantan por estudios STEM no ITEE. Para alcanzar estos objetivos, se envió una encuesta a 3699 alumnas y egresadas (Alumni) de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, de la que se recibieron 1060 respuestas. Los resultados revelan un perfil diferente entre las mujeres que cursan estudios ITEE y las que cursan estudios STEM no ITEE. Comprender las causas que motivan a las estudiantes a inscribirse en estudios STEM, e identificar contra qué estereotipos deben luchar, así como la existencia de posibles diferencias entre perfiles ITEE y STEM no ITEE, podría ayudar a los responsables de políticas académicas de promoción y captación de talento a aumentar la inscripción femenina en estudios ITEE y STEM en general.The low percentage of enrollment of females in the STEM university degrees has been and is the subject of research. Moreover, the low female presence is not evenly distributed in all STEM studies. In certain areas, such as engineering in Informatics, Telecommunications, Electrical and Electronics (hereinafter called ITEE), the presence of women does not grow despite the campaigns to increase female talent and improve data on enrollment. The objectives of this work are to identify the main reasons why women have decided to carry out STEM studies, to determine whether a stereotype of STEM women exist or not, and to detect if there are differences between women who choose ITEE studies and those who choose non- ITEE STEM studies. To do this, a survey was sent to 3,699 students and graduates (Alumni) of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, and 1,060 responses were received. The results reveal a different profile between women who study ITEE and STEM non-ITEE. Understanding the causes that motivate students to enroll in STEM studies, identify what stereotypes they must fight, and the existence of possible differences between ITEE and STEM non-ITEE profiles, could help the responsible of academic policies to promote and attract talent to improve female enrollment in ITEE and STEM studies in general

HIV-1/HAART-Related Lipodystrophy Syndrome (HALS) Is Associated with Decreased Circulating sTWEAK Levels

Background and Objectives Obesity and HIV-1/HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) share clinical, pathological and mechanistic features. Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in obesity and related diseases. We sought to explore the relationship between HALS and circulating levels of soluble (s) TWEAK and its scavenger receptor sCD163. Methods This was a cross-sectional multicenter study of 120 HIV-1-infected patients treated with a stable HAART regimen; 56 with overt HALS and 64 without HALS. Epidemiological and clinical variables were determined. Serum levels of sTWEAK and sCD163 levels were measured by ELISA. Results were analyzed with Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U and χ2 test. Pearson and Spearman correlation were used to estimate the strength of association between variables. Results Circulating sTWEAK was significantly decreased in HALS patients compared with non-HALS patients (2.81±0.2 vs. 2.94±0.28 pg/mL, p = 0.018). No changes were observed in sCD163 levels in the studied cohorts. On multivariate analysis, a lower log sTWEAK concentration was independently associated with the presence of HALS (OR 0.027, 95% CI 0.001-0.521, p = 0.027). Conclusions HALS is associated with decreased sTWEAK levels

Prediabetes Is Associated with Increased Prevalence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Type 2 diabetes leads to severe nocturnal hypoxemia, with an increase in apnea events and daytime sleepiness. Hence, we assessed sleep breathing parameters in the prediabetes stage. A cross-sectional study conducted on 966 middle-aged subjects without known pulmonary disease (311 patients with prediabetes and 655 controls with normal glucose metabolism) was conducted. Prediabetes was defined by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and a nonattended overnight home sleep study was performed. Participants with prediabetes (n = 311) displayed a higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI: 12.7 (6.1;24.3) vs. 9.5 (4.2;19.6) events/h, p < 0.001) and hypopnea index (HI: 8.4 (4.0;14.9) vs. 6.0 (2.7;12.6) events/h, p < 0.001) than controls, without differences in the apnea index. Altogether, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea was higher in subjects with prediabetes than in controls (78.1 vs. 69.9%, p = 0.007). Additionally, subjects with prediabetes presented impaired measurements of the median and minimum nocturnal oxygen saturation, the percentage of time spent with oxygen saturations below 90%, and the 4% oxygen desaturation index in comparison with individuals without prediabetes (p < 0.001 for all). After adjusting for age, sex, and the presence of obesity, HbA1c correlated with the HI in the entire population (r = 0.141, p < 0.001), and the presence of prediabetes was independently associated with the AHI (B = 2.20 (0.10 to 4.31), p = 0.040) as well as the HI (B = 1.87 (0.61 to 3.14), p = 0.004) in the multiple linear regression model. We conclude that prediabetes is an independent risk factor for an increased AHI after adjusting for age, sex, and obesity. The enhanced AHI is mainly associated with increments in the hypopnea events

TFG 2013/2014

Amb aquesta publicació, EINA, Centre universitari de Disseny i Art adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, dóna a conèixer el recull dels Treballs de Fi de Grau presentats durant el curs 2013-2014. Voldríem que un recull com aquest donés una idea més precisa de la tasca que es realitza a EINA per tal de formar nous dissenyadors amb capacitat de respondre professionalment i intel·lectualment a les necessitats i exigències de la nostra societat. El treball formatiu s’orienta a oferir resultats que responguin tant a paràmetres de rigor acadèmic i capacitat d’anàlisi del context com a l’experimentació i la creació de nous llenguatges, tot fomentant el potencial innovador del disseny.Con esta publicación, EINA, Centro universitario de diseño y arte adscrito a la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, da a conocer la recopilación de los Trabajos de Fin de Grado presentados durante el curso 2013-2014. Querríamos que una recopilación como ésta diera una idea más precisa del trabajo que se realiza en EINA para formar nuevos diseñadores con capacidad de responder profesional e intelectualmente a las necesidades y exigencias de nuestra sociedad. El trabajo formativo se orienta a ofrecer resultados que respondan tanto a parámetros de rigor académico y capacidad de análisis, como a la experimentación y la creación de nuevos lenguajes, al tiempo que se fomenta el potencial innovador del diseño.With this publication, EINA, University School of Design and Art, affiliated to the Autonomous University of Barcelona, brings to the public eye the Final Degree Projects presented during the 2013-2014 academic year. Our hope is that this volume might offer a more precise idea of the task performed by EINA in training new designers, able to speak both professionally and intellectually to the needs and demands of our society. The educational task is oriented towards results that might respond to the parameters of academic rigour and the capacity for contextual analysis, as well as to considerations of experimentation and the creation of new languages, all the while reinforcing design’s innovative potential

Uso de la cinta métrica larga en actividades de medida

La mayoría de prácticas de medida de longitud que proponemos a nuestros alumnos involucran sólo el uso de la regla en un contexto de aula. Pero, aparte de este instrumento, los alumnos tendrán que saber usar otros como la cinta métrica para medir longitudes que vayan más allá de su palmo o de su mesa. En este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos a partir de la implementación, recogida de datos y análisis de diversas actividades que implican el uso de la regla y cinta métrica larga, así como la comparativa en la destreza de su manejo por parte de los alumnos.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version