The use of the laser confocal scanning microscopy to measure resin remnants on customized lingual bracket

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the permanence of resin and enamel remains on lingual brackets at the end of orthodontic treatment and after the debonding procedure. The evaluation of resin remnants on customized lingual brackets bases has never done before in other studies because they are curved, and traditional techniques are not applicable. Methods: The sample consisted of 100 lingual brackets (25 incisors, 25 canines, 25 premolars, 25 molars) scanned with a confocal laser microscope (OLS4000). We measured the brackets' surface and the area of resin remnants with the software of the microscope. Median and quartiles were presented to describe the data. ARI calculation was indirect for each tooth, measuring the resin remnants to the total surface of the bracket. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher test were applied respectively to compare the percentages of remnants and the frequencies of the ARI between the four groups. Results: After the analyses, 13 brackets had no adhesive remnants (ARI 0), 29 brackets had less than 50% of resin remnants (ARI 1), 50 brackets had more than 50% of resin remnants (ARI 2), and 8 brackets had 100% of adhesive (ARI 3). Canines brackets presented the lower amount of resin followed by premolars, incisors, and molars. Conclusion: Lingual brackets showed a high frequency of ARI = 2. The median percentage of the bracket surface covered by resin was 41%. We observed a slight tendency of more resin remnants on molar brackets, due to half-pad configuration. The authors suggest paying attention during the debonding procedure of molar brackets since a stronger connection between the adhesive and the bracket mesh means a higher risk of enamel damage

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: an EBMT Inborn Errors Working Party analysis

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for patients affected by Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). Reported HSCT outcomes have improved over time with respect to overall survival, but some studies have identified older age and HSCT from alternative donors as risk factors predicting poorer outcome. We analyzed 197 patients undergoing transplant at European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation centers between 2006 and 2017 who received conditioning as recommended by the Inborn Errors Working Party (IEWP): either busulfan (n = 103) or treosulfan (n = 94) combined with fludarabine 6 thiotepa. After a median follow-up post-HSCT of 44.9 months, 176 patients were alive, resulting in a 3-year overall survival of 88.7% and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free survival (events include death, graft failure, and severe chronic GVHD) of 81.7%. Overall survival and chronic GVHD-free survival were not significantly affected by conditioning regimen (busulfan-vs treosulfan-based), donor type (matched sibling donor/matched family donor vs matched unrelated donor/mismatched unrelated donor vs mismatched family donor), or period of HSCT (2006-2013 vs 2014-2017). Patients aged = 5 years remains a risk factor for overall survival.Transplantation and immunomodulatio

Structural Investigation Of Donor Age Effect On Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Ftir Spectroscopy And Imaging

Stem cell studies hold enormous potential for development of new therapies for tissue regeneration and repair. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into a variety of nonhematopoietic tissues and contribute maintenance of healthy hematopoiesis by providing supportive cellular microenvironment into BM. Here, we investigated agerelated differences in BM-MSCs by using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and FTIR imaging together with hierarchical clustering as a novel methods to clarify global alterations in the structure and function of macromolecules in characterized BM-MSCs of different aged donors. The results may contribute to identification of agerelated new molecular marker(s) to determine the effects of donor age on MSCs. The spectral results reflected that there were significant increases in the concentration of saturated lipids, proteins, glycogen, and nucleic acids in children and adolescent group BM-MSCs when compared to the infants and early and mid adults. The concentration of mentioned macromolecules in adult (early and mid) BM-MSCs were significantly lower than the concentrations in the children and adolescents. These results were attributed to the increase in the proliferation activity in younger BM-MSCs. The distribution of macromolecules into the cells was shown as in the form of chemical maps by FTIR imaging, and the results are in agreement with the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy results. The cellular activity degree was determined by the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) proliferation assay to support ATR-FTIR spectroscopy results. BM-MSCs of five different age groups were discriminated by making the hierarchical cluster analysis where the spectral data according to alterations in structure and composition of macromolecules were considere

The use of the laser confocal scanning microscopy to measure resin remnants on customized lingual bracket

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the permanence of resin and enamel remains on lingual brackets at the end of orthodontic treatment and after the debonding procedure. The evaluation of resin remnants on customized lingual brackets bases has never done before in other studies because they are curved, and traditional techniques are not applicable. Methods: The sample consisted of 100 lingual brackets (25 incisors, 25 canines, 25 premolars, 25 molars) scanned with a confocal laser microscope (OLS4000). We measured the brackets' surface and the area of resin remnants with the software of the microscope. Median and quartiles were presented to describe the data. ARI calculation was indirect for each tooth, measuring the resin remnants to the total surface of the bracket. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher test were applied respectively to compare the percentages of remnants and the frequencies of the ARI between the four groups. Results: After the analyses, 13 brackets had no adhesive remnants (ARI 0), 29 brackets had less than 50% of resin remnants (ARI 1), 50 brackets had more than 50% of resin remnants (ARI 2), and 8 brackets had 100% of adhesive (ARI 3). Canines brackets presented the lower amount of resin followed by premolars, incisors, and molars. Conclusion: Lingual brackets showed a high frequency of ARI = 2. The median percentage of the bracket surface covered by resin was 41%. We observed a slight tendency of more resin remnants on molar brackets, due to half-pad configuration. The authors suggest paying attention during the debonding procedure of molar brackets since a stronger connection between the adhesive and the bracket mesh means a higher risk of enamel damage

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: an EBMT Inborn Errors Working Party analysis

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for patients affected by Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). Reported HSCT outcomes have improved over time with respect to overall survival, but some studies have identified older age and HSCT from alternative donors as risk factors predicting poorer outcome. We analyzed 197 patients undergoing transplant at European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation centers between 2006 and 2017 who received conditioning as recommended by the Inborn Errors Working Party (IEWP): either busulfan (n = 103) or treosulfan (n = 94) combined with fludarabine ± thiotepa. After a median follow-up post-HSCT of 44.9 months, 176 patients were alive, resulting in a 3-year overall survival of 88.7% and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free survival (events include death, graft failure, and severe chronic GVHD) of 81.7%. Overall survival and chronic GVHD-free survival were not significantly affected by conditioning regimen (busulfan- vs treosulfan-based), donor type (matched sibling donor/matched family donor vs matched unrelated donor/mismatched unrelated donor vs mismatched family donor), or period of HSCT (2006-2013 vs 2014-2017). Patients aged <5 years at HSCT had a significantly better overall survival. The overall cumulative incidences of grade III to IV acute GVHD and extensive/moderate/severe chronic GVHD were 6.6% and 2.1%, respectively. Patients receiving treosulfan-based conditioning had a higher incidence of graft failure and mixed donor chimerism and more frequently underwent secondary procedures (second HSCT, unconditioned stem cell boost, donor lymphocyte infusion, or splenectomy). In summary, HSCT for WAS with conditioning regimens currently recommended by IEWP results in excellent survival and low rates of GVHD, regardless of donor or stem cell source, but age ≥5 years remains a risk factor for overall survival

MANAGEMENT OF DOCK8 DEFICIENCY BY HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (HSCT)

Transplantation and immunomodulatio

Systematic review of natural agents for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients

For the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO)PURPOSE The aim of this study was to review the available literature and define clinical practice guidelines for the use of natural agents for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis. METHODS A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society for Oral Oncology. The body of evidence for each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned an evidence level. Based on the evidence level, one of the following three guideline determinations was possible: recommendation, suggestion, and no guideline possible. RESULTS A total of 49 papers across 15 interventions were examined. A new suggestion was developed in favor of systemic zinc supplements administered orally in the prevention of oral mucositis in oral cancer patients receiving radiation therapy or chemoradiation (Level III evidence). A recommendation was made against the use of intravenous glutamine for the prevention of oral mucositis in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplant (Level II evidence). No guideline was possible for any other agent, due to inadequate and/or conflicting evidence. CONCLUSIONS Of the various natural agents reviewed here, the available evidence supported a guideline only for two agents: a suggestion in favor of zinc and a recommendation against glutamine, in the treatment settings listed above. Well-designed studies of other natural agents are warranted.Noam Yarom, Anura Ariyawardana, Allan Hovan, Andrei Barasch, Virginia Jarvis, Siri Beier Jensen, Yehuda Zadik, Sharon Elad, Joanne Bowen, Rajesh V. Lall