Osallisuuden kokemuksia lukivaikeuksisten aikuisten kertomana

Tiivistelmä. Lukivaikeus on kehityksellinen oppimisvaikeus, joka jatkuu koko elämän ajan. Aikuisten lukivaikeuksista on vähän tutkimustietoa, vaikka lukivaikeudesta voi olla merkittävää haittaa elämässä selviytymiselle. Aikuisten oppimisvaikeuksien vaikutuksesta osallisuuteen on olemassa aihetta sivuavia tutkimuksia, joissa selvitetään muun muassa koulutuksen, opiskelun, työllistymisen ja työelämän haasteita. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää lukivaikeuksisten aikuisten osallisuuteen liittyviä kokemuksia elämän eri osa-alueilla sekä niitä merkityksiä, joita haastateltavat olivat omille lukivaikeuksiin liittyville kokemuksilleen antaneet. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys pohjautuu lukutaidon ja lukivaikeuden käsitteille sekä osallisuuden, toimijuuden ja identiteetin tarkastelulle. Osallisuudella tarkoitetaan johonkin kuulumista ja mukana olemisen tunnetta. Osallisuus rakentuu osin vuorovaikutuksessa ympäristön kanssa, ja se on sidoksissa sekä yksilön identiteettiin että toimijuuteen. Tutkimus on laadullinen ja sen tutkimusote on fenomenologinen subjektiivisten kokemusten ollessa tarkastelun kohteena. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu seitsemän lukivaikeuksisen aikuisen haastattelusta. Haastateltavat tavoitettiin pääosin tutkijan verkostojen kautta. Tutkimuksen tuloksien analysoinnissa on käytetty teorialähtöistä sisällönanalyysiä. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että lukivaikeudella on vaikutusta haastateltujen aikuisten osallisuuteen joillakin elämänalueilla. Haastateltavien kokemusten mukaan lukivaikeus vaikuttaa arjessa eniten kirjallisiin tehtäviin, esimerkiksi tietyissä työtehtävissä ja virallisten asoiden hoidossa. Lukivaikeus on hidastanut ja vaikeuttanut oppimisprosesseja ja vaikuttanut suoraan opiskeluun ja koulunkäyntiin. Haastateltavien kuvauksissa tulivat esille lukivaikeuden välilliset vaikutukset sekä itsetuntoon että minäpystyvyyteen ja sitä kautta myös identiteettiin. Lukivaikeuden sosioemotionaaliset vaikutukset muotoutuivat monen tekijän kautta, ja kokemuksissa oli vaihtelua haastateltavien kesken. Tutkimus antaa tietoa lukivaikeuden vaikutuksista osallisuuteen aikuisuudessa, jota voidaan hyödyntää kehitettäessä lukivaikeuksisten aikuisten tukipalveluja

Taming the massive genome of Scots pine with PiSy50k, a new genotyping array for conifer research

Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) is the most widespread coniferous tree in the boreal forests of Eurasia, with major economic and ecological importance. However, its large and repetitive genome presents a challenge for conducting genome-wide analyses such as association studies, genetic mapping and genomic selection. We present a new 50K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array for Scots pine research, breeding and other applications. To select the SNP set, we first genotyped 480 Scots pine samples on a 407 540 SNP screening array and identified 47 712 high-quality SNPs for the final array (called 'PiSy50k'). Here, we provide details of the design and testing, as well as allele frequency estimates from the discovery panel, functional annotation, tissue-specific expression patterns and expression level information for the SNPs or corresponding genes, when available. We validated the performance of the PiSy50k array using samples from Finland and Scotland. Overall, 39 678 (83.2%) SNPs showed low error rates (mean = 0.9%). Relatedness estimates based on array genotypes were consistent with the expected pedigrees, and the level of Mendelian error was negligible. In addition, array genotypes successfully discriminate between Scots pine populations of Finnish and Scottish origins. The PiSy50k SNP array will be a valuable tool for a wide variety of future genetic studies and forestry applications.Peer reviewe

Developing a spatially explicit modelling and evaluation framework for integrated carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation: application in southern Finland

The challenges posed by climate change and biodiversity loss are deeply interconnected. Successful co-managing of these tangled drivers requires innovative methods that can prioritize and target management actions against multiple criteria, while also enabling cost-effective land use planning and impact scenario assessment. This paper synthesises the development and application of an integrated multidisciplinary modelling and evaluation framework for carbon and biodiversity in forest systems. By analysing and spatio-temporally modelling carbon processes and biodiversity elements, we determine an optimal solution for their co-management in the study landscape. We also describe how advanced Earth Observation measurements can be used to enhance mapping and monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. The scenarios used for the dynamic models were based on official Finnish policy goals for forest management and climate change mitigation. The development and testing of the system were executed in a large region in southern Finland (Kokemäenjoki basin, 27 024 km2) containing highly instrumented LTER (Long-Term Ecosystem Research) stations; these LTER data sources were complemented by fieldwork, remote sensing and national data bases. In the study area, estimated total net emissions were currently 4.2 TgCO2eq a-1, but modelling of forestry measures and anthropogenic emission reductions demonstrated that it would be possible to achieve the stated policy goal of carbon neutrality by low forest harvest intensity. We show how this policy-relevant information can be further utilised for optimal allocation of set-aside forest areas for nature conservation, which would significantly contribute to preserving both biodiversity and carbon values in the region. Biodiversity gain in the area could be increased without a loss of carbon-related benefits.The challenges posed by climate change and biodiversity loss are deeply interconnected. Successful co-managing of these tangled drivers requires innovative methods that can prioritize and target management actions against multiple criteria, while also enabling cost-effective land use planning and impact scenario assessment. This paper synthesises the development and application of an integrated multidisciplinary modelling and evaluation framework for carbon and biodiversity in forest systems. By analysing and spatio-temporally modelling carbon processes and biodiversity elements, we determine an optimal solution for their co-management in the study landscape. We also describe how advanced Earth Observation measurements can be used to enhance mapping and monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. The scenarios used for the dynamic models were based on official Finnish policy goals for forest management and climate change mitigation. The development and testing of the system were executed in a large region in southern Finland (Kokemäenjoki basin, 27,024 km2) containing highly instrumented LTER (Long-Term Ecosystem Research) stations; these LTER data sources were complemented by fieldwork, remote sensing and national data bases. In the study area, estimated total net emissions were currently 4.2 TgCO2eq a−1, but modelling of forestry measures and anthropogenic emission reductions demonstrated that it would be possible to achieve the stated policy goal of carbon neutrality by low forest harvest intensity. We show how this policy-relevant information can be further utilized for optimal allocation of set-aside forest areas for nature conservation, which would significantly contribute to preserving both biodiversity and carbon values in the region. Biodiversity gain in the area could be increased without a loss of carbon-related benefits.Peer reviewe

Scots pine genotypes from Finland, code and supplementary data for the paper: "Does the seed fall far from the tree? Weak fine-scale genetic structure in a continuous Scots pine population", Niskanen et al. 2024, Peer Community Journal

Supplementary data for the manuscript:Does the seed fall far from the tree? Weak fine-scale genetic structure in a continuous Scots pine populationAlina K. Niskanen1,3, Sonja T. Kujala2, Katri Kärkkäinen2, Outi Savolainen1, Tanja Pyhäjärvi31Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), University of Oulu, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland3Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandInquiries about the data:Alina Niskanen, [email protected] included in the dataset:1. & 2. "Genotypes.ped" & Genotypes.map": PLINK genotype file in .ped format and SNP position file in .map format including filtered genotype data for 469 individuals and 65 498 SNPs used for principal component analysis (PCA) and estimating pairwise relatedness.3. "MAF_01_pine_426inds_23623_loci.raw" : Plink Genotype file in .raw format including 23 623 SNPs for 426 unrelated Scots pines used in the rare allele analyses.4. "Locations_population.txt" : Location information for 469 Scots pines in Punkaharju research area. The sampling site ("Ranta-Halola" or "Mäkrä") is given.Command files included:5. "Spatial_R_commands_fighsare.R": Main R commands of the PCA, FST and Mantel analyses.6. "GCTA_commands_figshare.txt": Main GCTA commands for estimating relatedness and inbreeding.Supplementary data file:7. "Niskanen_etal_2024_Supplements.pdf": Includes Supplementary figures S1-S6 and tables S1-S2.</p

Utilization of Tissue Ploidy Level Variation in de Novo Transcriptome Assembly of Pinus sylvestris

Abstract Compared to angiosperms, gymnosperms lag behind in the availability of assembled and annotated genomes. Most genomic analyses in gymnosperms, especially conifer tree species, rely on the use of de novo assembled transcriptomes. However, the level of allelic redundancy and transcript fragmentation in these assembled transcriptomes, and their effect on downstream applications have not been fully investigated. Here, we assessed three assembly strategies for short-reads data, including the utility of haploid megagametophyte tissue during de novo assembly as single-allele guides, for six individuals and five different tissues in Pinus sylvestris. We then contrasted haploid and diploid tissue genotype calls obtained from the assembled transcriptomes to evaluate the extent of paralog mapping. The use of the haploid tissue during assembly increased its completeness without reducing the number of assembled transcripts. Our results suggest that current strategies that rely on available genomic resources as guidance to minimize allelic redundancy are less effective than the application of strategies that cluster redundant assembled transcripts. The strategy yielding the lowest levels of allelic redundancy among the assembled transcriptomes assessed here was the generation of SuperTranscripts with Lace followed by CD-HIT clustering. However, we still observed some levels of heterozygosity (multiple gene fragments per transcript reflecting allelic redundancy) in this assembled transcriptome on the haploid tissue, indicating that further filtering is required before using these assemblies for downstream applications. We discuss the influence of allelic redundancy when these reference transcriptomes are used to select regions for probe design of exome capture baits and for estimation of population genetic diversity

Modelling the regional potential for reaching carbon neutrality in Finland : Sustainable forestry, energy use and biodiversity protection

The EU aims at reaching carbon neutrality by 2050 and Finland by 2035. We integrated results of three spatially distributed model systems (FRES, PREBAS, Zonation) to evaluate the potential to reach this goal at both national and regional scale in Finland, by simultaneously considering protection targets of the EU biodiversity (BD) strategy. Modelling of both anthropogenic emissions and forestry measures were carried out, and forested areas important for BD protection were identified based on spatial prioritization. We used scenarios until 2050 based on mitigation measures of the national climate and energy strategy, forestry policies and predicted climate change, and evaluated how implementation of these scenarios would affect greenhouse gas fluxes, carbon storages, and the possibility to reach the carbon neutrality target. Potential new forested areas for BD protection according to the EU 10% protection target provided a significant carbon storage (426-452 TgC) and sequestration potential (- 12 to - 17.5 TgCO(2)eq a(-1)) by 2050, indicating complementarity of emission mitigation and conservation measures. The results of the study can be utilized for integrating climate and BD policies, accounting of ecosystem services for climate regulation, and delimitation of areas for conservation.Peer reviewe

Taming the massive genome of Scots pine with PiSy50k, a new genotyping array for conifer research

Abstract Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) is the most widespread coniferous tree in the boreal forests of Eurasia, with major economic and ecological importance. However, its large and repetitive genome presents a challenge for conducting genome-wide analyses such as association studies, genetic mapping and genomic selection. We present a new 50K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array for Scots pine research, breeding and other applications. To select the SNP set, we first genotyped 480 Scots pine samples on a 407 540 SNP screening array and identified 47 712 high-quality SNPs for the final array (called ‘PiSy50k’). Here, we provide details of the design and testing, as well as allele frequency estimates from the discovery panel, functional annotation, tissue-specific expression patterns and expression level information for the SNPs or corresponding genes, when available. We validated the performance of the PiSy50k array using samples from Finland and Scotland. Overall, 39 678 (83.2%) SNPs showed low error rates (mean = 0.9%). Relatedness estimates based on array genotypes were consistent with the expected pedigrees, and the level of Mendelian error was negligible. In addition, array genotypes successfully discriminate between Scots pine populations of Finnish and Scottish origins. The PiSy50k SNP array will be a valuable tool for a wide variety of future genetic studies and forestry applications