An Ethics Critique of Interference in Law School Clinics

Law school clinics play an increasingly important role in training future lawyers and providing legal assistance to traditionally under-represented individuals and groups. In addition to facing the legal issues present in any law practice, law clinic students and faculty often confront ethical issues that lawyers representing poor and unpopular clients sometimes face - outside interference in case and client selection. This article explores the ethical considerations raised by interference in law school clinic case and client selection and limitations on the means of representation lawyers may employ in representing their clients. The article\u27s analysis provides a useful framework for responding to interference with not just law school clinics, but also with legal services laywers and other attorneys representing poor or unpopular clients and causes

Effect of Proximity to Abandoned Structures on Upland Game Bird Nest Survival

Abandoned structures are used by predatory species to perch, den, and pursue prey. In Wisconsin, predation is the major cause of mortality for upland game birds; removing these abandoned structures may decrease upland game bird mortality. This study will seek to determine if abandoned structures have an influence on upland game bird nest depredation. Artificial nests containing quail eggs will be placed at intervals around three abandoned structures. The nests will be monitored for predator activity using track stations and cameras. Our study will determine whether or not there is a correlation between nest depredation and the proximity of the nest to an abandoned structure. We hypothesize that nest depredation will be greater with closer proximity to abandoned structures. This study will also help identify ground and avian predators that potentially decrease upland game bird nesting success. Our results will help inform wildlife managers possible solutions to increase upland game bird survival on both private and public lands

Mosquito Larvae in Tires from Mississippi, United States: The Efficacy of Abiotic and Biotic Parameters in Predicting Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Mosquito Populations and Communities

Container systems, including discarded vehicle tires, which support populations of mosquitoes, have been of interest for understanding the variables that produce biting adults that serve as both nuisances and as public health threats. We sampled tires in six sites at three times in 2012 across the state of Mississippi to understand the biotic and abiotic variables responsible for explaining patterns of larvae of common species, species richness, and total abundance of mosquitoes. From 498 tires sampled, we collected >58,000 immatures representing 16 species, with the most common species including Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Culex quinquefasciatus (L.), Orthopodomyia signifera (Coquillett), Aedes triseriatus (Say), Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis (Coquillett), and Culex territans (Walker) accounting for ∼97% of all larvae. We also documented 32 new county records for resident species and recent arrivals in the state, including Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald) and Culex coronator (Dyar & Knab). Cluster analysis, which was used to associate sites and time periods based on similar mosquito composition, did reveal patterns across the state; however, there also were more general patterns between species and genera and environmental factors. Broadly, Aedes was often associated with factors related to detritus, whereas Culex was frequently associated with habitat variables (e.g., tire size and water volume) and microorganisms. Some Culex did lack factors connecting variation in early and late instars, suggesting differences between environmental determinants of oviposition and survival. General patterns between the tire environment and mosquito larvae do appear to exist, especially at the generic level, and point to inherent differences between genera that may aid in predicting vector locations and populations