The sedimentology and uranium mineralization of the Beaufort Group in the Beaufort-West - Fraserburg - Merweville Area, Cape Province

The sediments of the lower part of the Beaufort Group (Permian) consist of mudstones, siltstones, fine- to very Fine-grained sandstones and small amounts of intraformational conglomerate. The mudstones are generally a brownish-purple colour, and are massive. The siltstones are generally greyish-green coloured, and are sometimes ripple cross-laminated. The sandstones vary in colour from green to grey. horizontally-bedded, trough cross bedded and ripple cross-laminated sandstone subfacies were recognized. All the sandstones found in the area studied may be described as fine- to very fine-grained, moderately sorted, arkosic wackes. The stratigraphic interval studied was found to have a Thickness of about 850 m. No readily mappable subdivisions were found. The sandstone to stltstone and mudstone ratio for the stratigraphic interval is about 1:4

Urethral recurrence after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: Currently, identified factors for urethral recurrence (UR) are based on individual reporting which has displayed controversy. In addition, risk of UR is one of the limiting factors to offer neobladder diversion during radical cystectomy (RC). We aim to systematically evaluate the incidence and risk factors of UR post-RC and its effect on survival. Materials and methods: A systematic online search was conducted according to PRISMA statement for publications reporting on UR after RC. From initial 802 results, 14 articles including 6169 patients were included finally after exclusion of ineligible studies. Results: The incidence rate of UR was 4.4% (1.3%–13.7%). It was significantly lower with neobladder diversion (odds ratio = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24–0.79, P = 0.006). Muscle invasion (hazard ratio = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.86–1.62, P = 0.31), carcinoma in situ (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% CI: 0.64–1.47, P = 0.88), prostatic stromal involvement (hazard ratio = 2.26, 95% CI: 0.01–627.75, P = 0.78), and prostatic urethral involvement (hazard ratio = 2.04, 95% CI: 0.20–20.80, P = 0.55) have no significant effect on UR. Men displayed tendency toward higher incidence of UR (odds ratio = 2.21, 95% CI: 0.96–5.06, P = 0.06). Absence of recurrence displayed tendency toward better disease specific survival, yet not significant (hazard ratio = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.66–1.08, P = 0.17). These results are limited by the retrospective nature of the included studies. Conclusion: Muscle invasion, carcinoma in situ and prostatic stromal or urethral involvement at time of RC have no significant effect on UR. Orthotopic neobladder is associated with a significant lower risk of UR after RC

Individual Differences Fill the Uncharted Intersections Between Cognitive Structure, Flexibility, and Plasticity in Multitasking

Broeker L, Bruning J, Fandakova Y, et al. Individual Differences Fill the Uncharted Intersections Between Cognitive Structure, Flexibility, and Plasticity in Multitasking. Psychological Review. 2022.It has been recently suggested that research on human multitasking is best organized according to three research perspectives, which differ in their focus on cognitive structure, flexibility, and plasticity. Even though it is argued that the perspectives should be seen as complementary, there has not been a formal approach describing or explaining the intersections between the three perspectives. With this theoretical note, we would like to show that the explicit consideration of individual differences is one possible way to elaborate in more detail on how and why the perspectives complement each other. We will define structure, flexibility, and plasticity; describe what constitutes individual differences; will outline selected empirical examples; and raise possible future research questions helping to develop the research field

Brainsourcing: Crowdsourcing Recognition Tasks via Collaborative Brain-Computer Interfacing

Peer reviewe

Efficient transition to growth on fermentable carbon sources in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires signaling through the Ras pathway.

Strains carrying ras2(318S) as their sole RAS gene fail to elicit a transient increase in cAMP levels following addition of glucose to starved cells but maintain normal steady-state levels of cAMP under a variety of growth conditions. Such strains show extended delays in resuming growth following transition from a quiescent state to glucose-containing growth media, either in emerging from stationary phase or following inoculation as spores onto fresh media. Otherwise, growth of such strains is indistinguishable from that of RAS2(+) strains. ras2(318S) strains also exhibit a delay in glucose-stimulated phosphorylation and turnover of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, a substrate of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and a key component of the gluconeogenic branch of the glycolytic pathway. Finally Tpk(w) strains, which fail to modulate PKA in response to fluctuations in cAMP levels, show the same growth delay phenotypes, as do ras2(318S) strains. These observations indicate that the glucose-induced cAMP spike results in a transient activation of PKA, which is required for efficient transition of yeast cells from a quiescent state to resumption of rapid growth. This represents the first demonstration that yeast cells use the Ras pathway to transmit a signal to effect a biological change in response to an upstream stimulus