Forming peculiarities and manifestation of tectonic faults in soft rocks

Features of distribution of tectonic structures in soft rocks confirm the presence of horizontal tectonic forces in the formation of faults and are based on the manifestation of their morphological features. Linear dependences of the amplitude on the length of tectonic dislocation in the area of wedging were obtained as a result of mathematical processing of the experimental data. Actual position of the crossing lines of fault plane with the seam were considered while studying the distribution of co-fault fracturing. Analysis of the data confirms that the distribution of faulting has an undulating character. Analysis of observations showed that the deviation of the crossing line of fault plane with the seam from the middle line is subject to the normal law of random variable distribution. Thus, the studies and the obtained results allow planning mining operations assessing the utility while developing fault areas

Cumulative effects assessment (CEA) methodology : theory and practice

Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA) is a subdiscipline of environmental assessment, specially targeting the collective effects resulting from diverse human activities and in combination with natural processes. CEA implementation in practice is slow, despite of the available framework and legal requirements. It is caused by the complexity of the cumulative effects issue, especially when quantifying the effect magnitude and analysing their significance. The aim of this work was to suggest pragmatic improvements to straighten Swedish CEA practice. This was done by compiling CEA legal requirements, theoretical concepts and practical advices, followed by analyse of their use in selected practice-examples. Combining knowledge and information from diverse sources allowed me to identify the main implementation gaps and to propose means to advance CEA practice. Focus of the work are effects on the environment, but similar principles might be used to assess societal impacts. The main finding is that there are CEA concepts and tools readily available, but they are rarely used in the practice. To enhance its implementation, CEA should be i) done independently from the conventional project-EIA, ii) implement system-perspective, iii) focus on protection of environmental functions, iv) target all pressures, not only project ones, v) assess alternative future scenarios and vi) relate to long-term sustainability goals. Further suggestions and recommended tools are stated later in the text. Relevant and credible CEA has the potential to promote sustainable development and optimal resource use

Concealing Stuttering at School: "When you can't fix it… the only alternative is to hide it"

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore experiences with concealing stuttering in children and young people who stutter, based on recollections from adults. In addition, we explored how school-based speech therapists can be helpful or unhelpful to children who are concealing stuttering from the perspective of adults who stutter. Methods: Thirty adults who stutter, who previously or currently conceal stuttering, participated in semi-structured interviews exploring their early experiences with hiding stuttering. Purposeful and random sampling were used to diversify experiences and opinions. Reflexive Thematic Analysis was used to develop themes and subthemes to describe participants’ experiences. Results: All participants in the study reported beginning to conceal stuttering at 18 years of age or younger, with more than two-thirds sharing that they began in elementary school. Participants reported that exposure to implicit and explicit ableist messaging about stuttering and traumatic social experiences at school contributed to their inclination to hide disfluencies. Many participants described concealment as a strategy for protecting themselves from stigma. Several participants condemned fluency shaping, calling it harmful and likening it to teaching concealment. Participants believed that speech therapists could be helpful by promoting safe and supportive school environments and by being responsive to the social and emotional challenges that can accompany speaking differently and navigating stigma at school. Conclusion: Some children who stutter may attempt to protect themselves from stigma by concealing their disfluencies, but doing so can feel isolating and confusing. Speech therapists can play an important role in making the school environment safer and more supportive for children who stutter.Output Status: Forthcoming/Available Onlin

Phenomenon of Cloning and specificity of its usage

Cloning is studied by different branches of science. Medicine is interested in cloning because of its ability to transplant special tissues and organs, genetics - with the purpose of studying heredity and succession, sociology deals with moral and ethic aspects of the phenomenon. The paper is devoted to the study of cloning, its special features and usage in different spheres of social life. The article represents main types of cloning, specificity of vegetative and animal cloning and problems of its expansion. The paper also demonstrates the actual topic of nowadays studies connected with human cloning and its aftereffects for science and society. The article may be useful for a wide audience and for people, who are interested in studies of cloning and problems of its realization

Se-2 solar cells

Abstract We investigate reactively sputtered films of zirconium nitride, ZrN, for use as highly reflecting back contacts in Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) devices with sub-micrometer absorbers. We identify the nitrogen flow and the sputter current as the decisive parameters for the composition, and demonstrate a method for determining the nitrogen flow at which the transition from metallic to compound sputtering mode occurs for a given current. Films prepared at this working point consist of stoichiometric ZrN with a low resistivity, a high reflectance for red and infrared light, and have a fairly high sputter rate. Calculations show that the reflectance at the ZrN/CIGS interface is significantly superior to that at the standard Mo/CIGS interface

Optical properties and refractive index sensitivity of reactive sputtered oxide coatings with embedded Au clusters

The following article appeared in Journal of Applied Physics 115.6 (2014): 063512 and may be found at http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/115/6/10.1063/1.4861136In the present study, nanocomposite coatings of Au clusters embedded in two different oxides, TiO2 and Al2O3, were synthesized using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The depositions were carried out in three steps, by depositing the oxide, the Au clusters, and again the oxide. The deposition time of the Au clusters was varied in order to achieve different cluster sizes, morphologies, and nanocomposite topographies. The structure, microstructure, morphology, and the optical properties of the coatings were studied. With the increase in Au content, red-shifted surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks with higher intensity and increased widths were observed due to changes in the metal clusters sizes and morphology and due to interparticle effects. In order to relate the peculiar SPR extinction bands with the different clusters shapes and distributions, a simulation of the optical properties of the nanocomposites was performed making use of the Renormalized Maxwell-Garnett approach. A theoretical study concerning the refractive index sensitivity was made in order to predict the optimal coatings parameters for sensing experiments. The increased surface area and the strong SPR extinction bands make these coatings suitable for gas sensing and also catalysis, albeit many other application fields can be envisaged.This research was sponsored by FEDER funds through the program COMPETE, Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade, by national funds through FCT, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, under the Projects PEst-C/EME/UI0285/2013 and CENTRO-07-0224-FEDER-002001 (Mais Centro SCT_2011_02_001_4637), and through the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation by Projects FUNCOAT CSD2008-00023 and AIB2010PT-00241. R.E.G. wishes also to thank the MCINN for the financial support within the Ramón y Cajal programme. Funding by the European Community through Project Nano4Color is gratefully acknowledged

Concealing Stuttering at School: "When you can't fix it… the only alternative is to hide it"

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore experiences with concealing stuttering in children and young people who stutter, based on recollections from adults. In addition, we explored how school-based speech therapists can be helpful or unhelpful to children who are concealing stuttering from the perspective of adults who stutter. Methods: Thirty adults who stutter, who previously or currently conceal stuttering, participated in semi-structured interviews exploring their early experiences with hiding stuttering. Purposeful and random sampling were used to diversify experiences and opinions. Reflexive Thematic Analysis was used to develop themes and subthemes to describe participants’ experiences. Results: All participants in the study reported beginning to conceal stuttering at 18 years of age or younger, with more than two-thirds sharing that they began in elementary school. Participants reported that exposure to implicit and explicit ableist messaging about stuttering and traumatic social experiences at school contributed to their inclination to hide disfluencies. Many participants described concealment as a strategy for protecting themselves from stigma. Several participants condemned fluency shaping, calling it harmful and likening it to teaching concealment. Participants believed that speech therapists could be helpful by promoting safe and supportive school environments and by being responsive to the social and emotional challenges that can accompany speaking differently and navigating stigma at school. Conclusion: Some children who stutter may attempt to protect themselves from stigma by concealing their disfluencies, but doing so can feel isolating and confusing. Speech therapists can play an important role in making the school environment safer and more supportive for children who stutter

Оценка влияния избыточного содержания пальмового масла в рационе и экстракта гарцинии камбоджийской на морфогенез костной системы у белых крыс различного возраста

ГАРЦИНИЯ КАМБОДЖИЙСКАЯ /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕПМОРФОГЕНЕЗ /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕПКОСТНО-МЫШЕЧНАЯ СИСТЕМА /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕП /ПАТОЛОГКРЫСЫКРЫСЫ ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЫ НА ЖИВОТНЫХМАСЛАМАСЛА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫЕРАСТИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАСЛАСКЕЛЕТОЖИРЕНИЕКОСТЬ И КОСТНЫЕ ТКАНИ /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕП /ПАТОЛОГПЛЕЧЕВАЯ КОСТЬ /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕП /ПАТОЛОГБОЛЬШЕБЕРЦОВАЯ КОСТЬ /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕП /ПАТОЛОГРОСТА ЗОНА ЭПИФИЗАРНАЯ /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕП /ПАТОЛОГХРЯЩ ЭПИФИЗАРНЫЙ /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕП /ПАТОЛОГЭПИФИЗАРНАЯ ЗОНА РОСТА /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕП /ПАТОЛОГЭПИФИЗАРНАЯ РОСТОВАЯ ПЛАСТИНКА /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕП /ПАТОЛОГЭПИФИЗАРНЫЙ ХРЯЩ /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕП /ПАТОЛОГХРЯЩ /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕП /ПАТОЛОГНАДКОСТНИЦА /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕП /ПАТОЛОГДИАФИЗЫ /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕП /ПАТОЛОГОСТЕОГЕНЕЗ /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕПОКОСТЕНЕНИЕ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ /ДЕЙСТВ ПРЕППРОКСИМАЛЬНЫЕ ЭПИФИЗАРНЫЕ ХРЯЩИЭКСТРАКТ ГАРЦИНИИ КАМБОДЖИЙСКОЙБЕЛЫЕ КРЫСЫПАЛЬМОВОЕ МАСЛОРАЦИОН ПИТАНИ