73,027 research outputs found
Temporal Parameters of Spontaneous Speech in Forensic Speaker Identification in Case of Language Mismatch: Serbian as L1 and English as L2
Celem badania jest analiza możliwości identyfikacji mówcy kryminalistycznego i sądowego podczas zadawania pytań w różnych językach, z wykorzystaniem parametrów temporalnych. (wskaźnik artykulcji, wskaźnik mowy, stopień niezdecydowania, odsetek pauz, średnia czas trwania pauzy). Korpus obejmuje 10 mówców kobiet z Serbii, które znają język angielksi na poziomie zaawwansowanym. Patrametry są badane z wykorzystaniem beayesowskiego wzoru wskaźnika prawdopodobieństwa w 40 parach tcyh samych mówców i w 230 parach różnych mówców, z uwzględnieniem szacunku wskaźnika błędu, równiego wskaźnika błędu i Całościowego Wskaźnika Prawdopodobieństwa. badanie ma charakter pionierski w zakresie językoznawstwa sądowego i kryminalistycznego por1) ónawczego w parze jezyka serbskiego i angielskiego, podobnie, jak analiza parametrów temporalnych mówców bilingwalnych. Dalsze badania inny skoncentrować się na porównaniu języków z rytmem akcentowym i z rytmem sylabicznym. The purpose of the research is to examine the possibility of forensic speaker identification if question and suspect sample are in different languages using temporal parameters (articulation rate, speaking rate, degree of hesitancy, percentage of pauses, average pause duration). The corpus includes 10 female native speakers of Serbian who are proficient in English. The parameters are tested using Bayesian likelihood ratio formula in 40 same-speaker and 360 different-speaker pairs, including estimation of error rates, equal error rates and Overall Likelihood Ratio. One-way ANOVA is performed to determine whether inter-speaker variability is higher than intra- speaker variability across languages. The most successful discriminant is degree of hesitancy with ER of 42.5%/28%, (EER: 33%), followed by average pause duration with ER 35%/45.56%, (EER: 40%). Although the research features a closed-set comparison, which is not very common in forensic reality, the results are still relevant for forensic phoneticians working on criminal cases or as expert witnesses. This study pioneers in forensically comparing Serbian and English as well as in forensically testing temporal parameters on bilingual speakers. Further research should focus on comparing two stress-timed or two syllable-timed languages to test whether they will be more comparable in terms of temporal aspects of speech.
A GENRE ANALYSIS OF SALES PROMOTION LETTERS AND COMPANY PROFILES IN AN INDONESIAN BATIK INDUSTRY
This study explored company profiles and sales promotion letters of batik from two big batik
companies in Solo, Central Java, Indonesia. Data of the research are of two types, the primary and
secondary data. The former refers to words, phrases, and clauses taken from the company profiles
and sales promotion letters of batik written in Bahasa Indonesia. The latter refers to transcribed
data obtained from in-depth interviews with the text producers and buyers. Two batik company
profiles and three sales promotion letters were analyzed. Two informants from each batik
company representing the text production side were interviewed; they were the marketing and
promotion managers from the two batik industries. Likewise, one buyer from each batik
company representing the text consumption side was also interviewed.
The research employed theories of genre analysis proposed by Swales (1990) which focused
on patterns of rhetorical organization and genre-specific language features. In terms of data
collection, the present study also draws on ethno-methodological tradition within the
communication framework in an institutionalized socio-cultural context (Lillis, 2008).
Ethnographical research primarily uncovers and describes beliefs, values, and attitudes that
structure the behavior of a group (Baumgartner & Hensley, 2006).
In terms of data analysis, this study employed the multi-perspective model of analysis
advocated by Bhatia (2004) wihich focuses on textual and socio-cognitive aspects of the texts. The
textual aspect explicates the use of text-internal features in embodying values in the context of
rhetorical moves, discourse strategies, regularities of organisation, intertextuality and some
aspects of interdiscursivity. The socio-cognitive aspect refers to participants’ relationship and
their contributions to the process of genre construction, interpretation, use and exploitation in
the context of professional practices and constraints.
This study has arrived at some conclusions. First, although the most important intention of
any kind of business is making a profit, the strong influence of Javanese culture has made the
genuine intention of getting the profit to be less explicitly stated. In fact, the profit making notion
is transformed into a more social and cultural preservation in orientation. Secondly, writers of
batik company profiles seemed to acknowledge the function of these specific business documents
as one of the primary image-building components in their promoting efforts. This study also
found some varieties in terms of function between the established and less established image-
building promotional tool. However, the textual analysis and the in-depth interviews with the text
producers supported the view that company profiles of batik had been ideally used to create a potitive and favorable image upon the company through the employment of moral and cultural
commitment to batik making, history, vision and mission, new technology in the production
processes, organizational structure, and lists of achievements and awards.
Thirdly, the most distinctive feature that differentiated establishing credentials in English
and that of the Indonesian, especially in the batik business context, had been the use of moral
obligation to preserve the native culture and family relation with the national heroes. Writers of
the English sales promotion letters, on the contrary, highlighted the needs of future buyers and
claimed that their companies were the best to fulfill the needs. Likewise, due to cultural
constraints, the sales promotion letters of batik in question did not include the moves of offering
incentives and using pressure tactics. The writers rather used the move of eliciting response
which is less persuasive and less direct compared to that of the English sales promotion letters.
Fourth, the chemistry between writers and readers of sales promotion letters and company
profiles of batik constructed a strong ground for mutual understanding and thus paved the way to
purchase. Finally, this study had shown very clearly how the wider culture and the culture of the
discourse community contributed to the framing and formatting of sales promotion letters and
company profiles of batik in terms of lexico-grammar, cognitive structuring, intertextuality and
interdiscursivity.
In the past, studies done in Bahasa Indonesia to business texts were more oriented to below
sentence level phenomena (Kusrianti, 2008; Purnanto, 2002). Thus, the present study
contributes to the study of above sentence level phenomena, especially the features and
convensions of sales promotion letters and company profiles of batik. Additionally, the present
study provides input to writers of sales promotion letters and company profiles to have a direct,
persuasive, clear, and systematic promotional text especially for export purposes. Last but not
least, the present study has provided a perspective into the written business communication of
batik industries drawn from an empirical study
Designing Familiar Open Surfaces
While participatory design makes end-users part of the design process, we might also want the resulting system to be open for interpretation, appropriation and change over time to reflect its usage. But how can we design for appropriation? We need to strike a good balance between making the user an active co-constructor of system functionality versus making a too strong, interpretative design that does it all for the user thereby inhibiting their own creative use of the system. Through revisiting five systems in which appropriation has happened both within and outside the intended use, we are going to show how it can be possible to design with open surfaces. These open surfaces have to be such that users can fill them with their own interpretation and content, they should be familiar to the user, resonating with their real world practice and understanding, thereby shaping its use
Social Information Processing in Social News Aggregation
The rise of the social media sites, such as blogs, wikis, Digg and Flickr
among others, underscores the transformation of the Web to a participatory
medium in which users are collaboratively creating, evaluating and distributing
information. The innovations introduced by social media has lead to a new
paradigm for interacting with information, what we call 'social information
processing'. In this paper, we study how social news aggregator Digg exploits
social information processing to solve the problems of document recommendation
and rating. First, we show, by tracking stories over time, that social networks
play an important role in document recommendation. The second contribution of
this paper consists of two mathematical models. The first model describes how
collaborative rating and promotion of stories emerges from the independent
decisions made by many users. The second model describes how a user's
influence, the number of promoted stories and the user's social network,
changes in time. We find qualitative agreement between predictions of the model
and user data gathered from Digg.Comment: Extended version of the paper submitted to IEEE Internet Computing's
special issue on Social Searc
The effects of cheating on deception detection during a social dilemma
Research by social psychologists and others consistently finds that people are poor at detecting attempted deception by others. However, Tooby and Cosmides (cognitive psychologists who favor evolutionary analyses of behavior) have argued and shown that humans have evolved a special “cognitive module” for detecting cheaters. Their research suggests that people are good at detecting cheating by group members. These two literatures seem to be at odds with one another. The hypothesis of this research was that when participants are told a lie by a fellow group member whose attempted deception involves cheating on a task that affects their outcomes, they will be good at detecting deception. In this experiment, participants played blackjack in groups using a social dilemma paradigm. Participants’ outcomes were either interdependent or independent with a confederate’s outcomes. It was predicted that participants whose outcomes were interdependent with the confederate would be better at detecting deception by the confederate than those participants whose outcomes were independent from the confederate’s outcomes. Results indicate that when judging other participants’ lies interdependent players were more successful at deception detection than independent players but were not more sensitive to the lies. This effect may be driven by the truth bias, people assume that their interaction partners are truthful which would explain why sensitivity measures (which remove response biases) did not show the hypothesized effect. Independent players were not more successful or sensitive when judging the confederate’s lies. The failure to find the hypothesized effect may be due to methodological factors. Both participants heard may have had their cheating detection modules activated when hearing the instructions for the experiment which implied that cheating could occur. Overall success rates support this idea because they were significantly higher than success rates reached by most deception detection research (50%) which may be indicative that both participants cheating detection modules were active. Results also indicate that as the number of lies told increases overall success decreases but success at detecting lies and sensitivity increase. Thus the more lies that are told the better people are at catching them
Pengaruh Komitmen Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan Pada Hotel Alam Sutra Palembang
The purpose of this study to examine the effect of commitment on working
discipline on Alam Sutra Hotel in Palembang. The data were obtained by
distributing questionnaire and interview for 130 respondents. The population of
this study were all employees of Alam Sutra Hotel in Palembang. The result
showed that commitment has significanly effect on working discipline on Alam
Sutra Hotel in Palembang (0.000<0.5) for 81.2%
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