1-Ethyl-3-methyl­quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H12N2O, contains two independent mol­ecules. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules. There are π–π contacts between the quinoxaline rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.446 (2), 3.665 (2), 3.645 (3) and 3.815 (3) Å]. There also exist C—H⋯π contacts between the methyl groups and the quinoxaline rings

1-(6-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-sulfanyl­idene-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­pyrimidin-5-yl)ethanone

In the title compound, C13H14N2OS, four C atoms of the phenyl ring are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.60 (3):0.40 (3) ratio. The heterocyclic ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.017 Å) and forms dihedral angles of 82.0 (2) and 79.3 (3)°, respectively, with the major and minor occupancy components of the phenyl ring. The crystal packing features N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into C(6) chains running parallel to the b axis

Sinteza i biološko djelovanje novih 1-benzil i 1-benzoil 3-heterocikličkih derivata indola

Starting from 1-benzyl- (2a) and 1-benzoyl-3-bromoacetyl indoles (2b) new heterocyclic, 2-thioxoimidazolidine (4a,b), imidazolidine-2,4-dione (5a,b), pyrano(2,3-d)imidazole (8a,b and 9a,b), 2-substituted quinoxaline (11a,b–17a,b) and triazolo(4,3-a)quinoxaline derivatives (18a,b and 19a,b) were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Antimicrobial activity screening performed with concentrations of 0.88, 0.44 and 0.22 g mm2 showed that 3-(1-substituted indol-3-yl)quinoxalin-2(1H)ones (11a,b) and 2-(4-methyl piperazin-1-yl)-3-(1-substituted indol-3-yl) quinoxalines (15a,b) were the most active of all the tested compounds towards P. aeruginosa, B. cereus and S. aureus compared to the reference drugs cefotaxime and piperacillin, while 2-chloro-3-(1-substituted indol-3-yl)quinoxalines (12a,b) were the most active against C. albicans compared to the reference drug nystatin. On the other hand, 2-chloro-3-(1-benzyl indol-3-yl) quinoxaline (12a) display potent efficacy against ovarian cancer xenografts in nude mice with tumor growth suppression of 100 0.3 %.U radu je opisana sinteza, antimikrobno i antitumorsko djelovanje heterocikličkih derivata indola. Polazeći iz 1-benzil- i 1-benzoil-3-bromacetil indola (2a i 2b) sintetizirani su novi heterociklički spojevi 2-tioksoimidazolidini (4a,b), imidazolidin-2,4-dioni (5a,b), pirano(2,3-d)imidazoli (8a,b i 9a,b), 2-supstituirani kinoksalini (11a,b–17a,b) i triazolo(4,3-a)kinoksalini (18a,b i 19a,b). Sintetizirani spojevi testirani su na antimikrobno i antitumorsko djelovanje. Ispitivanje antimikrobnog djelovanja provedeno je s koncentracijama otopina 0,88, 0,44 i 0,22 g mm2 i uspoređeno s referentnim lijekovima cefotaksimom i piperacilinom. Rezultati pokazuju da su 3-(1-supstituirani indol-3-il)kinoksalin-2(1H)oni (11a,b) i 2-(4-metil piperazin-1-il)-3-(1-supstituirani indol-3-il) kinoksalini (15a,b) najaktivniji spojevi na sojeve P. aeruginosa, B. cereus i S. aureus, dok su 2-klor-3-(1-supstituirani indol-3-il)kinoksalini (12a,b) najaktivniji na C. albicans (usporedba s nistatinom). Osim toga, 2-klor-3-(1-benzil indol-3-il) kinoksalin (12a) pokazuje veliku učinkovitost na tumore ovarija miševa (supresija rasta tumora 100 0,3 %)

Assessing Sustainability of Mixed Use Neighbourhoods through Residents’ Travel Behaviour and Perception: The Case of Nagpur, India

Mixed land-use development is the integration of different land-use functions like residential, commercial, recreational, and institutional in an urban sector or a neighbourhood. Integrating transport and land-use mix is one of the goals of planning policies around the world. Prior studies mention the benefits of mixed land-use development towards creating sustainable environment, but do not specify the proportion of the mix of compatible land uses. This study attempts to assess the sustainability of the neighbourhoods with mixed land-use in the context of the Nagpur city, India. Residents’ travel behaviour in twelve neighbourhoods is studied by means of indicators namely trip lengths, mode of travel, vehicle ownership, and travel expenses. To investigate the users’ insight, the study further examines residents’ perception with the help of parameters such as safety, satisfaction, pollution, and mix. The sustainability indices are computed for both residents’ travel behaviour and perception, for each neighbourhood. The study revealed that neighbourhoods with high and moderate land-use mix are sustainable with travel behaviour. Residents’ perception sustainability index indicates neighbourhoods with moderate land-use mix are more sustainable than those with high and low land-use mixed neighbourhoods. This study advocates stakeholders’ insight and the proportion of mix in land-use planning decisions

One-pot, multicomponent synthesis of symmetrical Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives using glycerol as clean and green solvent

Multi component, one pot synthesis of symmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives from the condensation of ethyl/methyl acetoacetate, aromatic/aliphatic aldehyde and ammonium acetate has been described using glycerol, as economical, easily available and environmentally benign reagent. The targeted molecules were obtained in high purity and excellent yield without use of any additional catalyst and methodology from readily available starting materials

Measuring Compact Urban Form: A Case of Nagpur City, India

The compact city concept is adopted in city planning policies of many developed countries for the following benefits: efficient use of land while curtailing sprawl, reduction in transport network and reliance on mass transport, a socially interactive environment with vibrancy of activities, economic viability, etc. However, it is still debated whether the cities in developing countries like India, which are already dense, will really benefit from the compact city form. Measuring urban form and compactness of these cities becomes more important for understanding the spatial urban structure to intervene accordingly for sustainable urban development. This paper explores various parameters and dimensions of measurement of compactness. Urban form characteristics and their indicators are derived for the study of Nagpur city, India. This study is an attempt to measure the urban form to derive the benefits of compactness. The study indicates that Nagpur city, inherently has a compact form, but may disperse in near future; and there is a need to implement policies to retain its compact character to achieve sustainable urban development