6 research outputs found
Sotsiaalmeediakasutajate teadlikkus soovitusalgoritmidest ja nende tajumine
https://www.ester.ee/record=b5450958*es
Looduslikkuse taastamise katseala uuringu jĂ€tkamine Karula rahvuspargis : SA Keskkonnainvesteeringute Keskuse ja Eesti MaaĂŒlikooli vahel 1. juulil 2019. a. sĂ”lmitud lepingu nr. 3-2_7/9491-4/2019 lĂ”pparuanne
Uurimuses kasutatud taastamise proovialade puistuid mÔjutas enam teostatud taastamisvÔte vÔi
selle puudumine. Suurem hÀil vÀhendab puistu rinnaspindala, tagavara ja tÀiust. Reservaadi
puistut iseloomustasid suuremad puud, hÔredam esimene ja tihedam teine rinne, mis on
iseloomulik loodusmetsadele.
Loodusliku uuenduse tekkel on oluline osa valgustingimustel. Tulemustest selgus, et rohkem
looduslikku uuendust on tekkinud ĂŒlepĂ”letatud hĂ€iluga proovialal, mis on uuenenud
valgusnÔudlike liikidega nagu harilik mÀnd ja kask. Teised alad on uuenenud peamiselt kuusega.
Enim kuuse looduslikku uuendust on reservaadi proovialal, mis on edukalt uuenenud ka teiste
puuliikidega nagu harilik tamm, harilik haab, harilik vaher ja harilik pÀrn. Samuti mÔjutas
positiivselt loodusliku uuenduse teket harvendusraie tegemine vÔrreldes alaga, kus seda ei
tehtud.
Lamapuitu esines kÔige rohkem reservaadi proovialal, mis on tingitud looduslikust arengust.
Keskmine lamapuidu maht reservaadis jĂ€nesekapsa-mustika kasvukohatĂŒĂŒbis oli 59 m3/ha ja
pohla kasvukohatĂŒĂŒbis 34 m3/ha. Lamapuidu hulk harvendusega aladel vĂ€henes. Kontrollalal, mis
jÀi harvendusest puutumata suurenes keskmine lamapuidu maht prooviala kohta 1,9 m3/ha
2014.a. 11,8 m3/ha 2019.a.
PĂŒstiste surnud puude ning lamapuidu maht kokku (CWD-coarse woody debris) arvestatuna oli
reservaadis keskmiselt 122 m3/ha, seda nii JM kui ka PH kasvukohatĂŒĂŒbis. Kontrollalal JM
kasvukohatĂŒĂŒbis oli 22 m3/ha ja harvendatud PH kasvukohatĂŒĂŒbis 15 m3/ha. HĂ€iluga alal JM
kasvukohatĂŒĂŒbis oli 27 m3/ha ja harvendatud hĂ€iluga alal PH kasvukohatĂŒĂŒbis 7 m3/ha.
Suurima soontaimede liigirikkuse ja mitmekesisusega oli reservaadi prooviala (24 liiki
maksimaalselt ĂŒhel proovialal), mille indikaatorliikideks olid soontaimed, mis eelistavad varjulisi
kasvukohti nagu harilik jÀnesekapsas ja harilik jÀnesesalat, aga ka III kaitsekategooria alla kuuluv
roomav öövilge. ĂlepĂ”letatud hĂ€iluga prooviala liikide arv oli JM kasvukohatĂŒĂŒbis keskmiselt 8 ja
harvenduse korral 11, mille indikaatorliikideks on valguslembesed soontaimeliigid.
Sammalde keskmine liikide arv oli suurim ĂŒlepĂ”letatud hĂ€iluga proovialal (8 liiki), kuid kĂ”ige
rohkem 12 liiki ĂŒhel proovialal leidus reservaadis. Sammalde mitmekesisuse indeksi jĂ€rgi ĂŒkski
prooviala ei eristunud, indeksi vÀÀrtus oli 1,0 ning maksimaalne 1,6.
Suurim samblike liigirikkus ja mitmekesisus esines ĂŒlepĂ”letatud hĂ€iluga proovialal ja reservaadi
proovialal. Registreeritud samblikuliikidest esinesid jÀrgmised haruldased liigid: Chaenothecopsis
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epithallina, lehvik-porosamblik, Friesi soomussamblik, Micarea elachista, Micarea melanobola,
Micarea misella.
Torikulisi leiti kokku 31 erinevat liiki, enim reservaadis. Kontrollalad ei erinenud
taastamisvÔttega aladest. Reservaadialadel leiti vÀÀriselupaikade ja pÔlismetsa indikaatorliike:
pisarnahkis, roosa pess, tumepruun taelik, mÀnnitaelik, volt-tardnahkis, roostetorik. Lisaks leiti
hĂ€iluga aladelt mĂ€nni-ebatarrik, lillatĂŒmak, mĂ€nni-vahakorgik, kollane pĂŒsipoorik..
Reservaadi prooviala ja ĂŒlepĂ”letatud hĂ€iluga prooviala erinevad enam teistest proovialadest
uuritud andmete pÔhjal. TaastamisvÔtetest omab olulisemat mÔju suurema lÀbimÔÔduga
ĂŒlepĂ”letatud hĂ€ilu rajamine, seda eelkĂ”ige loodusliku uuenduse seisukohalt ning alustaimestu
mitmekesisuse osas. Harvendusraie tegemine eraldisel 5 pohla kasvukohatĂŒĂŒbis tĂ”stis loodusliku
uuenduse arvukust ja alustaimestu liigirikkust ning mitmekesisust, kuid tegemist vÔib olla
lĂŒhiajalise reageeringuga looduse poolt.
Kuna metsas toimuvad protsessid leiavad aset ajapikku on vajalik ka alade pikemaajaline
jÀlgimine, et saada infot kas ja kuidas taastamistegevused mÔjutavad proovialasid looduslikkuse
poole ning milline on harvendusraie edasine mÔju liigirikkusele ja surnud puidu voo
taastekkimisele
The number of tree species on Earth
One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global groundsourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are 73,000 tree species globally, among which âŒ9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness
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The number of tree species on Earth.
One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are âŒ73,000 tree species globally, among which âŒ9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness
The number of tree species on Earth.
One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are âŒ73,000 tree species globally, among which âŒ9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness
Lapsen selviytymistÀ edistÀvÀt tekijÀt vanhempien erotilanteessa : systemaattinen kirjallisuuskatsaus
TĂ€mĂ€n systemaattisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen tarkoituksena oli selvittÀÀ tekijöitĂ€, jotka olivat edistĂ€neet lapsen selviytymisestĂ€ vanhempien erosta, ja mistĂ€ ja miten lapset olivat saaneet apua vanhempien erotilanteessa. Tavoitteena oli tuottaa tietoa lapsen nĂ€kökulmasta, jota Pienperheyhdistys ry voi hyödyntÀÀ Vapaaehtoinen lapsen tukena âhankkeessaan.
Teoreettisessa viitekehyksessÀ kÀytiin lÀpi perheisiin, eroihin, eroauttamistyöhön ja lapsen tukemiseen liittyviÀ asioita. Kirjallisuuskatsaukseen valitut tutkimukset haettiin tietokannoista ja taulukoitiin hakuprosessin. Aineisto analysoitiin sisÀllönanalyysi-menetelmÀllÀ.
Tuloksissa havaittiin, ettÀ selviytymistÀ tukevia tekijöitÀ olivat vanhempien toimintaan, lapsen kanssa vuorovaikuttamiseen, lÀhiverkoston antamaan tukeen, perheen ja lÀhipiirin ulkopuoliseen tukeen, harrastuksiin ja lapsen omiin resursseihin liittyvÀt tekijÀt.
Eron jÀlkeen merkittÀvÀÀ oli lÀheisyyden sÀilyminen lapseen ja molempien vanhempien osallistuminen lapsen elÀmÀÀn tasapuolisesti. Monessa tutkimuksessa korostui, ettÀ lapset on syytÀ jÀttÀÀ vanhempien konfliktien ulkopuolelle. HyvÀ yhteistyö vanhempien vÀlillÀ myös eron jÀlkeen lisÀsi lapsen sopeutumista tilanteeseen.
Vuorovaikutus lapsen kanssa erotilanteessa jakautui lapsen ajatusten kuulemiseen ja lapsen huomioimiseen erotilanteessa.
Tukea saatiin sekÀ perheen sisÀltÀ, ettÀ sen ulkopuolelta. Vanhempien antaman tuen merkitys oli korostunutta, mutta myös muiden lÀheisten, sisarusten, ystÀvien ja sukulaisten antama tuki koettiin tÀrkeÀksi. Perheen ulkopuolelta tukea sai vertaistuesta, ammattilaisilta ja yhteiskunnalta. Erosta selviytymisen kannalta olennainen asia oli myös lapsen omat resurssit eron kÀsittelyssÀ ja lapsi saattoi saada tukea myös itseltÀÀn.
Harrastuksilla oli suuri merkitys erosta selviytymisen kannalta. Kodin ympÀristöstÀ poistuminen harrastusilmapiiriin koettiin helpottavana.
Eron jĂ€lkeiseen selviytymiseen ja hyvinvointiin on niukasti saatavilla tietoa, jonka vuoksi aihetta voisi tutkia enemmĂ€n. Tukihenkilötoimintaan ja vapaaehtoistyöhön liittyvÀÀ tutkimusta erityisesti eron jĂ€lkeisenĂ€ tukimuotona lapselle olisi syytĂ€ tehdĂ€ laajemmin. Jatkotukimusiheena voisi tutkia millaisia eropalveluita tĂ€llĂ€ hetkellĂ€ on saatavilla lapsille tai vanhemmille ja miten ne vastaavat perheiden tarpeisiin heidĂ€n kokemustensa mukaan.The aim of this systematic literature review was to produce data in the context of parentsâ separation, from childrenâs perspective. The aim of the thesis was to find out about childrenâs experiences of coping with separation and where and how they have received help in the separation process of their parents. The objective was to produce information which Pienperheyhdistys ry (Single Parent Association) could utilize in their Vapaaehtoinen lapsen tukena (A Volunteer Supporting a Child).
In the theoretical framework, themes related to families, separations, separation support and supporting children support were discussed. The studies included in the literature review were obtained in databases and the search process was tabulated. The data was analyzed using content analysis of 12 different studies.
The findings showed that factors beneficial for coping were parentâs actions, interaction with children, support from close networks, support gained from external networks, hobbies and childâs own resources.
After separation, a significant factor was maintaining a close relationship with the child and both parentsâ equal participation in the childâs life. Several studies highlighted that it is important to leave the child outside the parentsâ conflicts. Parentâs good cooperation with each other after the separation increased the childâs adaptation to the situation. In the separation process, the interaction with the child included listening to the childâs thoughts and paying attention to them.
Support was gained inside from and outside of the family. Support received from parents was high-lighted. However, support received from other close ones, siblings, friends and relatives was perceived as important. External support was gained from peer support, professionals and from society. The child may also receive support from him or herself and in the coping process the childâs own resources were seen as essential. Hobbies also play a key role in the coping process: being outside of the home for participation in hobbies was perceived as relieving.
The number of previous studies related to a childâs coping and well-being after parentsâ separation is limited. Therefore, the authors suggest that the topic should be studied more closely. Further research should also be extended to cover voluntary work and a support personâs role in the context of the topic. Further research could include availability of separation counseling for children and their parents, along how the experiences are reflected to their lives