Economic and political fundamentals for the establishment of the cabinet-owned metallurgical complex in Siberia in the 18th century

Economic and political fundamentals for the development of mining and metallurgical production in Siberia in the 18th century are discussed in this paper. The principal type of ownership of large enterprises at that time was serf manufactory, the development of which took place in the conditions of absolutism based on forced labor. Based on a comprehensive set of archive documents, the authors have studied the problem of the transfer under the authority of the Imperial Cabinet of the private Kolyvano-Voskresensk enterprises owned by Demidov, which were established in the 1720s in the south area of Western Siberia. The status change of industrial enterprises is discussed in the context of accidental events (the death of Akinfiy Demidov and the controversy of his heirs) and the consistent processes of development of silver smelting production in the country. The quick development of the metallurgical industry in Russia in the 18th century was caused by a number of domestic and external factors. The Crown extensively attracted private sector capital for the search and development of ore deposits, especially in remote Uralian and Siberian areas. In the 1720s-1740s, the Kolyvano-Voskresensk industrial-territorial complex privately owned by Akinfiy Demidov was established in the south area of Western Siberia. In the middle of the 1740s, the events happened, as a result of which the possessory belonging of the enterprises was changed and these enterprises were transferred under the control and management of the governmental institution – that is, the Imperial Cabinet. Thus, the Kolyvano-Voskresensk plants became the basis of the Cabinet production unit which existed in the 18h-19th centuries.peer-reviewe

The First Siberians Governor M. P. Gagarin and the Founding of the Russian Fortress on the Om River

На основе новых архивных источников в статье рассматривается история реализации плана по сооружению крепостей вдоль Иртыша, предложенного сибирским губернатором Матвеем Петровичем Гагариным. Вопрос основания крепости рассмотрен в контексте крупномасштабного плана продвижения российских войск из Тобольска на юг для захвата золотых приисков в районе г. Эркета (современный Яркенд). В публикации приводятся новые данные об обстоятельствах появления Ямышевской и Омской крепостей. В преддверии 300-летия основания Омска автор уточняет дату закладки Омской крепости Иваном Бухолцем. По сообщению сибирского губернатора, отряд Бухолца вышел к устью Оми 10 июня, что позволяет скорректировать распространенное в литературе мнение о том, что Омская крепость могла быть основана в начале мая 1716 г. Собранные материалы показывают, что инициатором строительства крепости на Оми был не подполковник Бухолц, а первый сибирский губернатор Матвей . The author on the basis of new archival sources examines the history of the implementation of the plan proposed by the Siberian Governor Matvei Petrovich Gagarin on the construction of fortresses along the Irtysh River. The issue of the Foundation of the fortress is studied in the context of the large-scale plan of advance of the Russian troops from Tobolsk to the south for occupation of the gold mines near the city of Erket (modern Yarkand). The publication presents new data about the circumstances of the occurrence of Yamyshev and Omsk fortress. On the eve of the 300th anniversary of the founding of the city of Omsk, the author specifies date of the Foundation of the Omsk fortress by Ivan Bukholz. According to the Siberian Governor, Bukholz’s group came to the mouth of Om by June 10, and it allows to correct the widespread in literature opinion that Omsk fortress could have been founded in the beginning of May 1716. Collected materials show that not the lieutenant colonel Bukholt, but the first Siberian Governor Matvei Gagarin was the initiator of construction of fortress on Om