On the Origin of Parasitism in Fungi1

n/

Viewer Oriented Art Forms

For purposes of clarity, art forms which attempt to affect the viewer through exaggerated means based on sensory appeal, are termed \u27viewer oriented.\u27 This thesis discusses the origin, development, and implications of these forms. The past is examined for possible links to the present. Contemporary forms are considered more specifically. My own work is used as further reference. It was found that the main body of viewer oriented works in the past had occurred within the sponsoring power institutions in a functioning role. As technological improvements increased, the artist\u27s role in society lessened. Freed from restraints of established tradition, art forms began to exhibit noticeable changes, as seen in the introspective works of the first half of the century. The rise of another graphic medium—that of advertising—acted as a competitive force. As a result from approximately the fifties on, art forms began to evidence an outer directed appeal, as seen in the Op, Primary, Electrified, Pop, Assemblage, and Touchable works, to the more dramatic forms of the Environment and the Happening. The revival of viewer oriented forms represents attempts to regain a more functional role in society. Through activating the viewer as a determining factor in the art form, the artist was implying the viewer\u27s role as a determinant factor in society

The Conservative Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

It is estimated that up to 5% of outpatients to physical therapy will present with patellofemoral pain syndrome. This disease is rarely disabling but may significantly and negatively affect the adolescent\u27s and young adult\u27s participation in sporting and recreational activities. Appropriate management is essential to improve quality of life and prevent future musculoskeletal problems. Historically, here has been some confusion in defining patellofemoral pain syndrome and in determining the exact cause of this troublesome disease. These factors may make the diagnosis and treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome frustrating to the patient and clinician. This study, using a review of the literature, will attempt to sort through the information currently available to determine the parameters used to define patellofemoral pain syndrome. Additionally, it will investigate possible causes of the syndrome, evaluation techniques, and conservative treatments of patellofemoral pain syndrome