Nomadism as a way of being of the immigrants and internally displaced persons

The article presents the innovatory understanding of the nomadic strategy of human being in the transitional condition. The aim of the article is to determine the role of the nomadic being way in the social group of internal migrants. It is substantiated, that aims and actions of a nomad are directed on creating new ways of realization and conceptualization of variants of nomadic being. It is explained, that a nomad doesn’t go by the way, offered by traditional types of activity, but searches innovatory ways of realization, doesn’t stop on deciphering of traditionally existing being senses, but produces them him/herself. A subject, living in a space of “boundaries” is deprived of the settled comfort, he/she searches for a possibility of balance and harmony, social recognition and improvement of own life conditions in the movement and change. The culture of choice, formed by the logic of the modern market, gives a nomad resources for regulating the own freedom degree. Nomadic instruments correspond to the migrants’ way of life. Digital nomadism creates stimuli for the active life and adaptation to new conditions of different groups of migrants

A Minimal Dissipation Type-Based Classification in Irreversible Thermodynamics and Microeconomics

We formulate the problem of finding classes of kinetic dependencies in irreversible thermodynamic and microeconomic systems for which minimal dissipation processes belong to the same type. We show that this problem is an inverse optimal control problem and solve it. The commonality of this problem in irreversible thermodynamics and microeconomics is emphasized.

Дитяча література крізь призму мультикультуралізму

У статті робиться спроба мультикультурного аналізу зарубіжної дитячої літератури. Пропонується академічне визначення мультикультуралізму, який з часом розширює межі свого побутування й інтерпретації та стає центром дослідницьких зацікавлень не тільки філософів, соціологів, політологів, культурологів, лінгвістів. Можливістю втілення принципів мультикультуралізму, його практикою останнім часом цікавляться й літературознавці, уможливлюючи появу термінів мультикультурна література, мультикультурний аналіз, які цілком прийнятні й для аналізу дитячої літератури, зокрема, й зарубіжної. Саме художні тексти англійської письменниці Жаклін Вілсон, шведського письменника Ульфа Старка та молодої норвезької авторки Марії Парр демонструють широкі можливості мультикультурного їх прочитання, коли юні читачі мають можливість не тільки ототожнювати свої переживання з тими емоціями й почуттями, які вирують у душах їхніх однолітків з різних країн, але й здобувати досвід Інакшості, порівнювати свій життєвий досвід із досвідом зарубіжних ровесників, примножуючи знання про людей, спосіб життя яких так відрізняється від домінантної групи. Наголошується також, що психологічні образи дітей у творах Марії Парр універсалізуються, створюючи психологічний образ Іншого, який здатний наблизити читача до внутрішнього світу людини іншої національності за допомогою витонченіших і багатозначних сюжетних і характеротворчих засобів. Висновується, що теми і проблеми, які порушують зарубіжні письменники в творах для дітей, є актуальними і цікавими як для української дитини, так і для англійської, шведської, норвезької. Тому їх варто читати разом: з однолітками, батьками, вчителями, привносячи ідеї розуміння і поваги один до одного із книжкової реальності у життєву. Тут якраз повною мірою і спрацьовує мультикультуральний підхід до вивчення дитячої літератури. (This article attempts to analyze foreign multicultural children’s literature. The academic definition of multiculturalism is proposed here, which eventually pushed the boundaries of its existence and interpretation and became the center of research interest not only among philosophers, sociologists, political scientists but cultural scientists, linguists. The possibility of the principles of multiculturalism, its recent practice and literary interest makes possible to appear such terms as multicultural literature, multicultural analysis, which are quite acceptable to analyze children’s literature and foreign one in particular. The literary texts by British writer ZhaklinVilson, Swedish writer Ulf Stark and young Norwegian author Mary Parr demonstrate broad possibilities to read them through the light of multiculturalism when young readers have the opportunity not only to identify their experiences with the emotions and feelings that are raging in the hearts of their coevals from around the world but also gain experience of Otherness, compare their experience with the experience of foreign coevals, increasing knowledge about people whose way of life is so different from the dominant group. It is noted also that the psychological images of children in Mary Parr’s works are universalized creating mental image of the Other, which is able to bring the reader into the inner world of man of other nationalities using sophisticated and valued means to create plots and images. It is summed that the themes and issues that foreign writers raise in the works for children are important and interesting for the children of all nationalities – Ukrainian and English, Swedish and Norwegian etc. Therefore, they should be read together with coevals, parents, and teachers, bringing the idea of understanding and respecting each other from book reality into real life. So the multicultural approach to the study of children’s literature works fully here.

Numerical simulations of negative-index refraction in wedge-shaped metamaterials

A wedge-shaped structure made of split-ring resonators (SRR) and wires is numerically simulated to evaluate its refraction behavior. Four frequency bands, namely, the stop band, left-handed band, ultralow-index band, and positive-index band, are distinguished according to the refracted field distributions. Negative phase velocity inside the wedge is demonstrated in the left-handed band and the Snell's law is conformed in terms of its refraction behaviors in different frequency bands. Our results confirmed that negative index of refraction indeed exists in such a composite metamaterial and also provided a convincing support to the results of previous Snell's law experiments.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure

Polemological Paradigm of Hybrid War Research

This article is devoted to the methodological problems and manipulative mechanisms of hybrid warfare. Owing to the polemological (from πολέμιος — war and λόγος — study) approach the authors managed to systematize and summarize the theories of war and peace, clarify contemporary western concepts of warfare, outline the specifi cs of the Russian view on the hybrid war concept, assess the signifi cance of information and manipulation technologies for hybrid wars, analyze a number of geopolitical and socio-cultural dimensions of modern hybrid wars. The polemology is a branch of science, which studies the nature of armed confl icts and wars, their role in time and space, cycles, intensity, scope, scale, and causative relations and their classifi cation. Polemology deals with the wars and armed confl icts of the past, present and future. Novel hybrid wars take a respective place among them. They involve using all available warfare, regular and irregular, cyber and those allowing for the use of weapons of mass destruction, and also information, psychological and propaganda war using the latest information and media technologies. According to the classical approach, the state is the only subject of military actions, but today its role has changed dramatically under the infl uence of other political and economic supranational and trans-border factors. For the purpose of studying wars and armed confl icts from the polemological perspective it means the need to focus on social changes in all the areas of human life, on considering various elements of the political, economic or even technological context, which infl uence the war as a social phenomenon

Genetic and ultrastructural analysis reveals the key players and initial steps of bacterial magnetosome membrane biogenesis

Magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria contain well-ordered nanocrystals for magnetic navigation and have recently emerged as the most sophisticated model system to study the formation of membrane bounded organelles in prokaryotes. Magnetosome biosynthesis is thought to begin with the formation of a dedicated compartment, the magnetosome membrane (MM), in which the biosynthesis of a magnetic mineral is strictly controlled. While the biomineralization of magnetosomes and their subsequent assembly into linear chains recently have become increasingly well studied, the molecular mechanisms and early stages involved in MM formation remained poorly understood. In the Alphaproteobacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, approximately 30 genes were found to control magnetosome biosynthesis. By cryo-electron tomography of several key mutant strains we identified the gene complement controlling MM formation in this model organism. Whereas the putative magnetosomal iron transporter MamB was most crucial for the process and caused the most severe MM phenotype upon elimination, MamM, MamQ and MamL were also required for the formation of wild-type-like MMs. A subset of seven genes (mamLQBIEMO) combined within a synthetic operon was sufficient to restore the formation of intracellular membranes in the absence of other genes from the key mamAB operon. Tracking of de novo magnetosome membrane formation by genetic induction revealed that magnetosomes originate from unspecific cytoplasmic membrane locations before alignment into coherent chains. Our results indicate that no single factor alone is essential for MM formation, which instead is orchestrated by the cumulative action of several magnetosome proteins

Superconducting Quantum Interference in Fractal Percolation Films. Problem of 1/f Noise

An oscillatory magnetic field dependence of the DC voltage is observed when a low-frequency current flows through superconducting Sn-Ge thin-film composites near the percolation threshold. The paper also studies the experimental realisations of temporal voltage fluctuations in these films. Both the structure of the voltage oscillations against the magnetic field and the time series of the electric "noise" possess a fractal pattern. With the help of the fractal analysis procedure, the fluctuations observed have been shown to be neither a noise with a large number of degrees of freedom, nor the realisations of a well defined dynamic system. On the contrary the model of voltage oscillations induced by the weak fluctuations of a magnetic field of arbitrary nature gives the most appropriate description of the phenomenon observed. The imaging function of such a transformation possesses a fractal nature, thus leading to power-law spectra of voltage fluctuations even for the simplest types of magnetic fluctuations including the monochromatic ones. Thus, the paper suggests a new universal mechanism of a "1/f noise" origin. It consists in a passive transformation of any natural fluctuations with a fractal-type transformation function.Comment: 17 pages, 13 eps-figures, Latex; title page and figures include

Genomic Expansion of Magnetotactic Bacteria Reveals an Early Common Origin of Magnetotaxis with Lineage-specific Evolution

The origin and evolution of magnetoreception, which in diverse prokaryotes and protozoa is known as magnetotaxis and enables these microorganisms to detect Earth’s magnetic field for orientation and navigation, is not well understood in evolutionary biology. The only known prokaryotes capable of sensing the geomagnetic field are magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), motile microorganisms that biomineralize intracellular, membrane-bounded magnetic single-domain crystals of either magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) called magnetosomes. Magnetosomes are responsible for magnetotaxis in MTB. Here we report the first large-scale metagenomic survey of MTB from both northern and southern hemispheres combined with 28 genomes from uncultivated MTB. These genomes expand greatly the coverage of MTB in the Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Omnitrophica phyla, and provide the first genomic evidence of MTB belonging to the Zetaproteobacteria and “Candidatus Lambdaproteobacteria” classes. The gene content and organization of magnetosome gene clusters, which are physically grouped genes that encode proteins for magnetosome biosynthesis and organization, are more conserved within phylogenetically similar groups than between different taxonomic lineages. Moreover, the phylogenies of core magnetosome proteins form monophyletic clades. Together, these results suggest a common ancient origin of iron-based (Fe3O4 and Fe3S4) magnetotaxis in the domain Bacteria that underwent lineage-specific evolution, shedding new light on the origin and evolution of biomineralization and magnetotaxis, and expanding significantly the phylogenomic representation of MTB