1,195 research outputs found
”Mulla meni varmaan pointti ohi nyt kokonaan?”:mulla-konstruktion semanttista tarkastelua
Tiivistelmä. Tutkin pro gradu -tutkielmassani puhekielen MULLA-konstruktiota. MULLA-konstruktioksi olen nimennyt lauserakenteen, jossa esiintyy puhekielinen adessiivimuotoinen yksikön ensimmäisen persoonan pronomini mulla (mull tai mul) jossain muussa kuin varsinaisessa omistuslauseessa. Tarkastelen konstruktion toteutumia suhteessa yleiskieleen, ja esitän niille funktionaalisia vastineita. Vertailen funktionaalisten vastakappaleiden merkitystä ja käyttöä. Aineistoni kattaa 300 MULLA-konstruktion toteutumaa, jotka olen kerännyt Korp-korpuksen Suomi24-internetkeskusteluaineistojen osakorpuksesta. Työni teoreettisen viitekehyksen muodostavat kognitiivinen semantiikka ja konstruktiokielioppi.
Työni tarkoituksena on ollut selvittää, millaisia asiaintiloja MULLA-konstruktiolla kuvataan sekä millaisia habitiivisia ja lokatiivisia ominaisuuksia niihin liittyy. Tutkimustulosteni mukaan MULLA-konstruktiota esiintyy genetiivin, partitiivin, ablatiivin ja allatiivin funktiossa. Kieliopillisista sijoista genetiivin funktiossa se vastaa muun muassa substantiivin etumääritettä ja nesessiivirakenteen subjektia. Partitiivin funktiossa sitä esiintyy erityisesti tunnekausatiivilauseissa. Semanttisista sijoista mulla-adessiivi vastaa niin erosijaista ablatiivia kuin tulosijaista allatiivia, jolloin merkitysero painottuu etenkin sijojen suuntaisuuteen. Mulla-adessiivi onkin ablatiivin funktiossa etenkin monissa menettämistä ilmaisevissa rakenteissa. Allatiivin funktiossa puhuja on yleensä tapahtuman kokija. Mulla-adessiivi kuvaa usein ihmisen fysikaalisia ominaisuuksia, kuten loukkaantumista tai toimenpidettä sekä ablatiivin että allatiivin funktiossa.
Kiinnostavaa on ollut havaita, että MULLA-konstruktio ilmaisee sijafunktion lisäksi ’kohdalla’-olemista, eli se viittaa puhujan omaan kokemukseen asiasta. Lisäksi konstruktio yhdistyy eritoten omistusrakenteen ekspansiivisuuteen. MULLA-konstruktiolla on sekä habitiivista että lokatiivista käyttöä. Lokatiivitapauksia yhdistää muun muassa se, etteivät lauseen tapahtumat ole puhujan itsensä aiheuttamia. Konkreettisesti lokatiivi tarkoittaa puhujan kotia ja abstraktimmin puhujan omaa tilaa. Lokatiiveja on selvästi enemmän kuin habitiiveja, joten MULLA-konstruktio on osoittanut puhujan ennen kaikkea paikaksi
A volume-preserving sharpening approach for the propagation of sharp phase boundaries in multiphase lattice Boltzmann simulations
Lattice Boltzmann models that recover a macroscopic description of multiphase flow of immiscible liquids typically represent the boundaries between phases using a scalar function, the phase field, that varies smoothly over several grid points. Attempts to tune the model parameters to minimise the thicknesses of these interfaces typically lead to the interfaces becoming fixed to the underlying grid instead of advecting with the fluid velocity. This phenomenon, known as lattice pinning, is strikingly similar to that associated with the numerical simulation of conservation laws coupled to stiff algebraic source terms. We present a lattice Boltzmann formulation of the model problem proposed by LeVeque and Yee [J. Comput. Phys. 86, 187] to study the latter phenomenon in the context of computational combustion, and offer a volume-conserving extension in multiple space dimensions. Inspired by the random projection method of Bao and Jin [J. Comput. Phys. 163, 216] we further generalise this formulation by introducing a uniformly distributed quasi-random variable into the term responsible for the sharpening of phase boundaries. This method is mass conserving and the statistical average of this method is shown to significantly delay the onset of pinning
Chikungunya virus infections in Finnish travellers 2009-2019 : Infection Ecology & Epidemiology
ABSTRACT The mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes an acute febrile illness with rash, joint and muscle pain.A realtime RT-PCR assay for CHIKV detecting non-structural protein (nsP2; CHIKV nsP2-RT-qPCR) was set up. All the serodiagnosed CHIKV cases detected during 2009-2019 in Finland were screened with the assay, followed by isolations attempts and sequencing using Sanger and next generation sequencing (NGS). To validate the assay external and in-house quality control samples were used and all were correctly identified. Specificity of the assay was 100%. Assay was sensitive to detect CHIKV RNA in dilution of 10-8.During years 2009-2019 34 patients were diagnosed for acute CHIKV infection. Twelve out of 34 cases were positive by CHIKV nsP2-RT-qPCR.Two CHIKV isolations succeeded from two individuals infected originally in Thailand, 2019. From 12 CHIKV nsP2-RT-qPCR positive samples, five (42%) CHIKVs were successfully sequenced. In this study, CHIKVs from year 2019 clustered with CHIKV ECSA-lineage forming sub-cluster with strains from ones detected in Bangladesh 2017, and the ones from Jamaica (2014) within Asian lineage showing highest similarity to strains detected in Caribbean outbreak 2013-15.  Majority of the CHIKV infections detected in Finland originates from Asia and virus lineages reflect the global circulation of the pathogen.Peer reviewe
Segregation, precipitation, and \alpha-\alpha' phase separation in Fe-Cr alloys: a multi-scale modelling approach
Segregation, precipitation, and phase separation in Fe-Cr systems is
investigated. Monte Carlo simulations using semiempirical interatomic
potential, first-principles total energy calculations, and experimental
spectroscopy are used. In order to obtain a general picture of the relation of
the atomic interactions and properties of Fe-Cr alloys in bulk, surface, and
interface regions several complementary methods has to be used. Using Exact
Muffin-Tin Orbitals method the effective chemical potential as a function of Cr
content (0-15 at.% Cr) is calculated for a surface, second atomic layer and
bulk. At ~10 at.% Cr in the alloy the reversal of the driving force of a Cr
atom to occupy either bulk or surface sites is obtained. The Cr containing
surfaces are expected when the Cr content exceeds ~10 at.%. The second atomic
layer forms about 0.3 eV barrier for the migration of Cr atoms between bulk and
surface atomic layer. To get information on Fe-Cr in larger scales we use
semiempirical methods. Using combined Monte Carlo molecular dynamics
simulations, based on semiempirical potential, the precipitation of Cr into
isolated pockets in bulk Fe-Cr and the upper limit of the solubility of Cr into
Fe layers in Fe/Cr layer system is studied. The theoretical predictions are
tested using spectroscopic measurements. Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
and Auger electron spectroscopy investigations were carried out to explore Cr
segregation and precipitation in Fe/Cr double layer and Fe_0.95Cr_0.05 and
Fe_0.85Cr_0.15 alloys. Initial oxidation of Fe-Cr was investigated
experimentally at 10^-8 Torr pressure of the spectrometers showing intense
Cr_2O_3 signal. Cr segregation and the formation of Cr rich precipitates were
traced by analysing the experimental spectral intensities with respect to
annealing time, Cr content, and kinetic energy of the exited electron.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, 52 reference
Soliton-like Spin State in the A-like Phase of 3He in Anisotropic Aerogel
We have found a new stable spin state in the A-like phase of superfluid 3He
confined to intrinsically anisotropic aerogel. The state can be formed by
radiofrequency excitation applied while cooling through the superfluid
transition temperature and its NMR properties are different from the standard
A-like phase obtained in the limit of very small excitation. It is possible
that this new state is formed by textural domain walls pinned by aerogel.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to J. of Low Tem. Phys. (QFS2007
Proceedings
Benzothiadiazole induces the accumulation of phenolics and improves resistance to powdery mildew in strawberries
Benzothiadiazole (BTH) enhanced the accumulation of soluble and cell-wall-bound phenolics in strawberry leaves and also improved the resistance to powdery mildew infection under greenhouse conditions. The most pronounced change was seen in the levels of ellagitannins, which increased up to 2- to 6-fold 4 days after the BTH application, but persisted only in the inoculated plants. The induction of phenolic metabolism by BTH was also reflected in the fruits, several compounds being increased in inoculated, BTH-treated plants. Basal salicylic acid (SA) content was high in strawberry leaves, but increased in a similar fashion to other phenolics after the treatments. Several phenolic compounds were identified in strawberries for the first time. For example, ellagic acid deoxyhexose, three agrimoniin-like ellagitannins, sanguiin H-10- and lambertianin C-like ellagitannins in the leaves, ellagic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and kaempferol hexose in the cell-wall-bound fraction of the leaves, and kaempferol malonylglucoside in the fruits. The findings show that BTH can enhance the accumulation of phenolics in strawberry plants which may then be involved in the BTH-induced resistance to powdery mildew
Association of endothelial and glycocalyx injury biomarkers with fluid administration, development of acute kidney injury, and 90-day mortality : data from the FINNAKI observational study
Abstract
Background
Injury to endothelium and glycocalyx predisposes to vascular leak, which may subsequently lead to increased fluid requirements and worse outcomes. In this post hoc study of the prospective multicenter observational Finnish Acute Kidney Injury (FINNAKI) cohort study conducted in 17 Finnish intensive care units, we studied the association of Syndecan-1 (SDC-1), Angiopoetin-2 (Ang-2), soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with fluid administration and balance among septic critical care patients and their association with development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and 90-day mortality.
Results
SDC-1, Ang-2, sTM, VAP-1 and IL-6 levels were measured at ICU admission from 619 patients with sepsis. VAP-1 decreased (p  12 h from ICU admission (AKI>12 h). They had higher sTM levels than patients without AKI, and after multivariable adjustment log, sTM level was associated with AKI>12 h with OR (95% CI) of 12.71 (2.96–54.67), p = 0.001). Ninety-day non-survivors (n = 180; 29.1%) had higher SDC-1 and sTM levels compared to survivors. After adjustment for known confounders, log SDC-1 (OR [95% CI] 2.13 [1.31–3.49], p = 0.002), log sTM (OR [95% CI] 7.35 [2.29–23.57], p < 0.001), and log Ang-2 (OR [95% CI] 2.47 [1.44–4.14], p = 0.001) associated with an increased risk for 90-day mortality. Finally, patients who had high levels of all three markers, namely, SDC-1, Ang-2 and sTM, had an adjusted OR of 5.61 (95% CI 2.67–11.79; p < 0.001) for 90-day mortality.
Conclusions
VAP-1 and IL-6 associated with fluid administration on the first ICU day. After adjusting for confounders, sTM was associated with development of AKI after 12Â h from ICU admission. SDC-1, Ang-2 and sTM were independently associated with an increased risk for 90-day mortality
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