日本人成人女性の化粧におけるプロセスと効果

実験の被験者は19～25歳(平均21.6歳)の健康な日本人成人女性18名であった。まず調査用紙に記入させ、洗顔と化粧を行わせた。測定項目は、化粧のプロセス、皮膚色、皮膚水分量、皮膚の湿皮脂量および睫毛長であった。被験者が使用した化粧品や化粧の所要時間は様々であったが、順序は全被験者間で同様となった。化粧により、睫毛は長くなったが、曲率は必ずしも増加しなかった。頬部については、皮脂量は減り、色彩は赤みを増した。本研究を通じ、目は化粧のプロセスにおいて、所要時間にせよ色彩にせよ特別の位置を占めていることが確認された。The subjects were 18 Japanese adult females 19 to 25 years old (21.6yrs±1.4). In the first place, they washed their face. Secondly, they made themselves up on the assumption that they participate in the party. They were instructed to prepare their own cosmetics. The measurement items were the changes of skin color, sebaceous matter, configuration of eyelashes and process of makeup. The processes of makeup were recorded by themselves. The makeup gave a health impression, extended eyelashes by 1.1mm and increased the degree of curvature of eyelashes. The time required of makeup was 10 to 62 min, and the number of processes was 5 to 19. However, the procedure of makeup was definite. Namely, the subjects treated their eye in the first and lips in the last

Insights into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha Genome.

The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires of signaling pathways, and increased diversity in some transcription factor families. Compared with other sequenced land plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy in most regulatory pathways, with this portion of its genome resembling that predicted for the ancestral land plant. PAPERCLIP

Anther culture in rice proportionally rescues microspores according to gametophytic gene effect and enhances genetic study of hybrid sterility

BackgroundTo investigate plant hybrid sterility, we studied interspecific hybrids of two cultivated rice species, Asian rice (Oryza sativa) and African rice (O. glaberrima). Male gametes of these hybrids display complete sterility owing to a dozen of hybrid sterility loci, termed HS loci, but this complicated genetic system remains poorly understood.ResultsMicrospores from these interspecific hybrids form sterile pollen but are viable at the immature stage. Application of the anther culture (AC) method caused these immature microspores to induce callus. The segregation distortion of 11 among 13 known HS loci was assessed in the callus population. Using many individual calli, fine mapping of the HS loci was attempted based on heterozygotes produced from chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs). Transmission ratio distortion (TRD) from microspores was detected at 6 of 11 HS loci in the callus population. The fine mapping of S-1 and S-19 loci using CSSLs revealed precise distances of markers from the positions of HS loci exhibiting excessive TRD.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that AC to generate callus populations derived from immature microspores is a useful methodology for genetic study. The callus population facilitated detection of TRD at multiple HS loci and dramatically shortened the process for mapping hybrid sterility genes

Aortic stenosis is a risk factor for all-cause mortality in patients on dialysis: a multicenter prospective cohort analysis

Abstract Background Aortic stenosis (AS) is common in patients on dialysis as well as in the general population. AS leads to difficulty with dialysis therapy because of unstable conditions such as intradialytic hypotension due to low cardiac output. However, the precise morbidity rates and risk factors of AS in patients on dialysis are unknown. Moreover, there are no large-scale observational studies regarding the association between AS in patients on dialysis and mortality. Therefore, we will investigate whether morbidity of AS in patients on dialysis is associated with mortality. Methods This is a multicenter prospective cohort analysis in the Tokai region of Japan. The 75 participating centers in this study will enroll approximately 2400 patients during 12 months, with or without AS. We started enrollment in July 2017 and will follow patents until June 2023. Transthoracic echocardiography will be performed to evaluate aortic valve. Parameters used for evaluation of aortic valve are mean pressure gradient between left ventricle and ascending aorta, aortic valve area, and maximum aortic jet velocity. We will diagnose AS using the criteria based on the 2014 American Heart Association/ American College of Cardiology Guideline. We will also perform transthoracic echocardiography at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. Survival prognosis and CV events will be determined at the end of June 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023. Development of AS will be also evaluated as new onset or annual change in AS parameters. We will classify patients based on the presence or absence of AS and the stages of AS and will compare outcomes. Study outcomes will include the following: 1) all-cause mortality rates; 2) incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events; 3) CV-related mortality rates; 4) infection-related mortality rates; 5) new onset or development of AS. Discussion We will consider the following hypotheses in this study, among others: The prevalence of AS is higher in dialysis patients; new onset and development of AS are associated with factors that are specific for dialysis, such as hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and medication; and outcomes in AS patients are poorer than in patients without AS at baseline. Trial registration UMIN000026756, Registered March 29 2017