Dateringa av Sigurd Jarlssons runeinnskrift i Vinje stavkyrkje

I førre nummer av dette tidsskriftet skreiv Lars S. Vikør om ââ¬ÅSigurd Jarlsson på fluktââ¬Â. I artikkelen freistar han å tidfeste og kome tettare inn på den velkjende runeinnskrifta som Sigurd Jarlsson rista i Vinje stavkyrkje på 1190-talet. Innskrifta er publisert i 1951 av Magnus Olsen (med forarbeid av Oluf Rygh), i band II av korpusutgåva Norges innskrifter med de yngre runer

Kuli-steinen og landsnamnet Noreg

Jan Ragnar Hagland argued in volume 32 of this journal that the runic inscription on the Kuli stone, which provides the ear-liest Norwegian attestation of the toponym Norway, extends the late medieval duality of the second element as -vegr or -ríki (as discussed by Helge Sandøy in 1997) back to the late Viking Age. Hagland’s new readings of the inscription in 1998 have, how-ever, not been generally accepted. They were based on laser contour measurements of the stone surface which were topo-graphically coarse and resulted in microcartographic documen-tation that no longer satisfies modern requirements. A mistake made in connection with the deletion of overlapping between the data files containing the laser measurements led to a mis-reading by Hagland of nuriki as nu:riki. The punctuation which supposedly divided this toponym is not a subtle indication that the final element was -ríki, as Hagland suspected; it is rather a fallacious double reading of the branch on the u-rune due to the overlapping of data files. The inscription does not appear to contain any e-rune either, so Hagland’s other possible support for the interpretation -ríki is probably likewise nonexistent

Collective multipole expansions and the perturbation theory in the quantum three-body problem

The perturbation theory with respect to the potential energy of three particles is considered. The first-order correction to the continuum wave function of three free particles is derived. It is shown that the use of the collective multipole expansion of the free three-body Green function over the set of Wigner $D$-functions can reduce the dimensionality of perturbative matrix elements from twelve to six. The explicit expressions for the coefficients of the collective multipole expansion of the free Green function are derived. It is found that the $S$-wave multipole coefficient depends only upon three variables instead of six as higher multipoles do. The possible applications of the developed theory to the three-body molecular break-up processes are discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figure

Software and information life cycle (SILC) for the Integrated Information Services Organization

This document describes the processes to be used for creating corporate information systems within the scope of the Integrated Information Services (IIS) Center. Issue B describes all phases of the life cycle, with strong emphasis on the interweaving of the Analysis and Design phases. This Issue B supersedes Issue A, which concentrated on the Analysis and Implementation phases within the context of the entire life cycle. Appendix A includes a full set of examples of the deliverables, excerpted from the Network Database. Subsequent issues will further develop these life cycle processes as we move toward enterprise-level management of information assets, including information meta-models and an integrated corporate information model. The phases described here, when combined with a specifications repository, will provide the basis for future reusable components and improve traceability of information system specifications to enterprise business rules

Bone grafts and bone substitutes for treating distal radial fractures in adults

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of fractures of the distal radius can involve the implantation of bone scaffolding materials (bone grafts and substitutes) into bony defects that frequently arise after fracture reduction. OBJECTIVES: To review the evidence from randomised controlled trials evaluating the implanting of bone scaffolding materials for treating distal radial fractures in adults. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register (June 2007), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and other databases, conference proceedings and reference lists. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled clinical trials evaluating the use of bone scaffolding for treating distal radial fracture in adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two people independently selected studies and undertook assessment and data collection. MAIN RESULTS: Ten heterogenous trials involving 874 adults with generally unstable fractures were grouped into six comparisons. No trial had proven allocation concealment. Four trials (239 participants) found implantation of bone scaffolding (autogenous bone graft (one trial); Norian SRS ‐ a bone substitute (two trials); methylmethacrylate cement (one trial)) improved anatomical outcomes compared with plaster cast alone; and two found it improved function. Reported complications of bone scaffolding were transient discomfort resulting from extraosseous deposits of Norian SRS; with surgical removal of one intra‐articular deposit. One trial (323 participants) comparing bone substitute (Norian SRS) versus plaster cast or external fixation found no difference in functional or anatomical outcomes at one year. Statistically significant complications in the respective groups were extraosseous Norian SRS deposits and pin track infection. One trial (48 participants with external fixation) found that autogenous bone graft did not significantly change outcome. There was one serious donor‐site complication. One trial (21 participants) found some indication of worse outcomes for hydroxyapatite bone cement compared with Kapandji's intrafocal pinning. Three trials (180 participants) found bone scaffolding (autogenous bone graft (one trial); Norian SRS (one trial); methylmethacrylate cement (one trial)) gave no significant difference in functional outcomes but some indication of better anatomical outcomes compared with external fixation. Most reported complications were associated with external fixation; extraosseous deposits of Norian SRS occurred in one trial. One trial (93 participants with dorsal plate fixation) found autografts slightly improved wrist function compared with allogenic bone material but with an excess of donor site complications. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Bone scaffolding may improve anatomical outcome compared with plaster cast alone but there is insufficient evidence to conclude on functional outcome and safety; or for other comparisons

Different methods of external fixation for treating distal radial fractures in adults

BACKGROUND: Fracture of the distal radius is a common injury. A surgical treatment is external fixation, where metal pins inserted into bone on either side of the fracture are then fixed to an external frame. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the evidence from randomised controlled trials comparing different methods of external fixation for distal radial fractures in adults. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register (June 2007), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and other databases, conference proceedings and reference lists of articles. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled clinical trials which compared different methods of external fixation in adults with a distal radial fracture. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: All review authors independently performed study selection. Two authors independently assessed the included trials and performed data extraction. MAIN RESULTS: Nine small trials involving 510 adults with potentially or evidently unstable fractures, were grouped into five comparisons. The interventional, clinical and methodological heterogeneity of trials precluded data pooling. Only one trial had secure allocation concealment. Two trials comparing a bridging (of the wrist) external fixator versus pins and plaster external fixation found no significant differences in function or deformity. One trial found tendencies for more serious complications but less subsequent discomfort and deformity in the fixator group. Three trials compared non‐bridging versus bridging fixation. Of the two trials testing uni‐planar non‐bridging fixation, one found no significant differences in functional or clinical outcomes; the other found non‐bridging fixation significantly improved grip strength, wrist flexion and anatomical outcome. The third trial found no significant findings in favour of multi‐planar non‐bridging fixation of complex intra‐articular fractures. One trial using a bridging external fixator found that deploying an extra external fixator pin to fix the 'floating' distal fragment gave superior functional and anatomical results. One trial found no evidence of differences in clinical outcomes for hydroxyapatite coated pins compared with standard uncoated pins. Two trials compared dynamic versus static external fixation. One trial found no significant effects from early dynamism of an external fixator. The poor quality of the other trial undermines its findings of poorer functional and anatomical outcomes for dynamic fixation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient robust evidence to determine the relative effects of different methods of external fixation. Adequately powered studies could provide better evidence

Ulnar-sided wrist pain. II. Clinical imaging and treatment

Pain at the ulnar aspect of the wrist is a diagnostic challenge for hand surgeons and radiologists due to the small and complex anatomical structures involved. In this article, imaging modalities including radiography, arthrography, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), CT arthrography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and MR arthrography are compared with regard to differential diagnosis. Clinical imaging findings are reviewed for a more comprehensive understanding of this disorder. Treatments for the common diseases that cause the ulnar-sided wrist pain including extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendonitis, flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) tendonitis, pisotriquetral arthritis, triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) lesions, ulnar impaction, lunotriquetral (LT) instability, and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability are reviewed