7,603 research outputs found
Practical Implications of Current Intimate Partner Violence Research for Victim Advocates and Service Providers
This guide uses a question-and-answer format to inform victim advocates and service providers of the findings of published research on intimate partner violence (IPV) and their relevance for practice. The first of 13 sections of the guide poses and answers 11 questions pertinent to the issue, âWhat is intimate partner violence?â The issues addressed include the various behaviors and circumstances that constitute IPV, whether men and women are equally likely to be victims or perpetrators of IPV, and whether womenâs use of IPV is different from menâs.The second major section poses and answers 12 questions related to IPV victimization rates, addressing issues of populations at increased risk for IPV, with special attention to women who are separated or divorced, pregnant, disabled, elderly, LGBT, live in rural areas. The guideâs third section poses and answers 19 questions related to the impact of IPV on victims. The fourth section poses and answers 20 questions related to the characteristics of persons who perpetrate IPV. Other sections of the guide pose and answer questions related to victim characteristics that predict IPV victimization; whether IPV victims seek assistance and services; protective factors and coping skills that mitigate the adverse impact of IPV; the services that are typically available to IPV victims; whether victim services work; health-care providersâ role in responding to IPV; what victim advocates and service providers need to know about the legal system; the features of IPV victim advocacy; and the performance measures advocates should adopt in evaluating the criminal justice response to IPV. The implications drawn from the research are offered as guidance, not rules of practice. 884 references are provided
A Recurrent Neural Network Survival Model: Predicting Web User Return Time
The size of a website's active user base directly affects its value. Thus, it
is important to monitor and influence a user's likelihood to return to a site.
Essential to this is predicting when a user will return. Current state of the
art approaches to solve this problem come in two flavors: (1) Recurrent Neural
Network (RNN) based solutions and (2) survival analysis methods. We observe
that both techniques are severely limited when applied to this problem.
Survival models can only incorporate aggregate representations of users instead
of automatically learning a representation directly from a raw time series of
user actions. RNNs can automatically learn features, but can not be directly
trained with examples of non-returning users who have no target value for their
return time. We develop a novel RNN survival model that removes the limitations
of the state of the art methods. We demonstrate that this model can
successfully be applied to return time prediction on a large e-commerce dataset
with a superior ability to discriminate between returning and non-returning
users than either method applied in isolation.Comment: Accepted into ECML PKDD 2018; 8 figures and 1 tabl
The use of adenosine as a trigger for pharmacological preconditioning to protect human myocardium during coronary bypass surgery
Physics of Ultra-Peripheral Nuclear Collisions
Moving highly-charged ions carry strong electromagnetic fields that act as a
field of photons. In collisions at large impact parameters, hadronic
interactions are not possible, and the ions interact through photon-ion and
photon-photon collisions known as {\it ultra-peripheral collisions} (UPC).
Hadron colliders like the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), the Tevatron
and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce photonuclear and two-photon
interactions at luminosities and energies beyond that accessible elsewhere; the
LHC will reach a energy ten times that of the Hadron-Electron Ring
Accelerator (HERA). Reactions as diverse as the production of anti-hydrogen,
photoproduction of the , transmutation of lead into bismuth and
excitation of collective nuclear resonances have already been studied. At the
LHC, UPCs can study many types of `new physics.'Comment: 47 pages, to appear in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Scienc
The cultural capitalists: notes on the ongoing reconfiguration of trafficking culture in Asia
Most analysis of the international flows of the illicit art market has described a global situation in which a postcolonial legacy of acquisition and collection exploits cultural heritage by pulling it westwards towards major international trade nodes in the USA and Europe. As the locus of consumptive global economic power shifts, however, these traditional flows are pulled in other directions: notably for the present commentary, towards and within Asia
Self-Affirmation Improves Problem-Solving under Stress
High levels of acute and chronic stress are known to impair problem-solving and creativity on a broad range of tasks. Despite this evidence, we know little about protective factors for mitigating the deleterious effects of stress on problem-solving. Building on previous research showing that self-affirmation can buffer stress, we tested whether an experimental manipulation of self-affirmation improves problem-solving performance in chronically stressed participants. Eighty undergraduates indicated their perceived chronic stress over the previous month and were randomly assigned to either a self-affirmation or control condition. They then completed 30 difficult remote associate problem-solving items under time pressure in front of an evaluator. Results showed that self-affirmation improved problem-solving performance in underperforming chronically stressed individuals. This research suggests a novel means for boosting problem-solving under stress and may have important implications for understanding how self-affirmation boosts academic achievement in school settings. © 2013 Creswell et al
Diminished temperature and vegetation seasonality over northern high latitudes
Global temperature is increasing, especially over northern lands (>50°âN), owing to positive feedbacks1. As this increase is most pronounced in winter, temperature seasonality (ST)âconventionally defined as the difference between summer and winter temperaturesâis diminishing over time2, a phenomenon that is analogous to its equatorward decline at an annual scale. The initiation, termination and performance of vegetation photosynthetic activity are tied to threshold temperatures3. Trends in the timing of these thresholds and cumulative temperatures above them may alter vegetation productivity, or modify vegetation seasonality (SV), over time. The relationship between ST and SV is critically examined here with newly improved ground and satellite data sets. The observed diminishment of ST and SV is equivalent to 4° and 7° (5° and 6°) latitudinal shift equatorward during the past 30 years in the Arctic (boreal) region. Analysis of simulations from 17 state-of-the-art climate models4 indicates an additional STdiminishment equivalent to a 20° equatorward shift could occur this century. How SV will change in response to such large projected ST declines and the impact this will have on ecosystem services5 are not well understood. Hence the need for continued monitoring6 of northern lands as their seasonal temperature profiles evolve to resemble thosefurther south.Lopullinen vertaisarvioitu kĂ€sikirjoitu
MFGE8 does not influence chorio-retinal homeostasis or choroidal neovascularization in vivo
Purpose: Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor VIII (MFGE8) is necessary for diurnal outer segment phagocytosis and promotes VEGF-dependent neovascularization. The prevalence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in MFGE8 was studied in two exsudative or âwetâ Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) groups and two corresponding control groups. We studied the effect of MFGE8 deficiency on retinal homeostasis with age and on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice.
Methods: The distribution of the SNP (rs4945 and rs1878326) of MFGE8 was analyzed in two groups of patients with âwetâ AMD and their age-matched controls from Germany and France. MFGE8-expressing cells were identified in Mfge8+/â mice expressing Ă-galactosidase. Aged Mfge8+/â and Mfge8â/â mice were studied by funduscopy, histology, electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts of the choroid, and after laser-induced CNV.
Results: rs1878326 was associated with AMD in the French and German group. The Mfge8 promoter is highly active in photoreceptors but not in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Mfge8â/â mice did not differ from controls in terms of fundus appearance, photoreceptor cell layers, choroidal architecture or laser-induced CNV. In contrast, the Bruch's membrane (BM) was slightly but significantly thicker in Mfge8â/â mice as compared to controls.
Conclusions: Despite a reproducible minor increase of rs1878326 in AMD patients and a very modest increase in BM in Mfge8â/â mice, our data suggests that MFGE8 dysfunction does not play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AMD
Entropy bounds in terms of the w parameter
In a pair of recent articles [PRL 105 (2010) 041302 - arXiv:1005.1132; JHEP
1103 (2011) 056 - arXiv:1012.2867] two of the current authors have developed an
entropy bound for equilibrium uncollapsed matter using only classical general
relativity, basic thermodynamics, and the Unruh effect. An odd feature of that
bound, S <= A/2, was that the proportionality constant, 1/2, was weaker than
that expected from black hole thermodynamics, 1/4. In the current article we
strengthen the previous results by obtaining a bound involving the (suitably
averaged) w parameter. Simple causality arguments restrict this averaged
parameter to be <= 1. When equality holds, the entropy bound saturates at the
value expected based on black hole thermodynamics. We also add some clarifying
comments regarding the (net) positivity of the chemical potential. Overall, we
find that even in the absence of any black hole region, we can nevertheless get
arbitrarily close to the Bekenstein entropy.Comment: V1: 14 pages. V2: One reference added. V3: This version accepted for
publication in JHE
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