Structure of the iron-binding exopolysaccharide produced anaerobically by the Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella oxytoca BAS-10.

Klebsiella oxytoca BAS-10 is a Gram-negative micro-organism capable of growing on high concentrations of heavy metals. This bacterium produces large amounts of an iron-binding exopolysaccharide that, in the presence of metallic cations, precipitates as a dense gel. The primary and secondary structure of the repeating unit of such polysaccharide has been characterised by chemical and spectroscopic methods, resulting in the following heptasaccharide: 2)-α-Rha-(1_3)- β-Gal-(1_2)-α-Rha-(1_4)-β-GlcA-[β-GlcA-(1_4)]-(1_3)-α- Rha-(1_3)-α-Rha-(1_. The absolute configurations for the Rha units are L, while those for the GlcA and Gal residues are D

Correlation of trans-Lycopene Measurements by the HPLC Method with the Optothermal and Photoacoustic Signals and the Color Readings of Fresh Tomato Homogenates

The trans-lycopene content of fresh tomato homogenates was assessed by means of the laser photoacoustic spectroscopy, the laser optothermal window, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and colorimetry; none of these methods require the extraction from the product matrix prior to the analysis. The wet chemistry method (high-performance liquid chromatography) was used as the absolute quantitative method. Analytical figures of merit for all methods were compared statistically; best linear correlation was achieved for the chromaticity index a* and chroma C*

Effect of real-time and post-event feedback in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest attended by EMS : a systematic review and meta-analysis

A systematic review to determine if cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guided by either real-time or post-event feedback could improve CPR quality or patient outcome compared to unguided CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Four databases were searched; PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library in August 2020 for post 2010 literature on OHCA in adults. Critical outcomes were chest compression depth, rate and fraction. Important outcomes were any return of spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital and survival to discharge. A total of 9464 studies were identified with 61 eligibility for full text screening. A total of eight studies was included in the meta-analysis. Five studies investigated real-time feedback and three investigated post-event feedback. Meta-analysis revealed that real-time feedback statistically improves compression depth and rate while post-event feedback improved depth and fraction. Feedback did not statistically improve patient outcome but an improvement in absolute numbers revealed a clinical effect of feedback. Heterogenity varied from "might not be important" to "considerable". To significantly improve CPR quality real-time and post-event feedback should be combined. Neither real-time nor post event feedback could statistically be associated with patient outcome however, a clinical effect was detected. The conclusions reached were based on few studies of low to very low quality. CRD42019133881. [Abstract copyright: © 2021 The Authors.

Real-time compression feedback for patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest: a multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial

Objective: To determine if real-time compression feedback using a non-automated hand-held device improves patient outcomes from in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel study (no crossover) of patients with IHCA in the mixed medical–surgical intensive care units (ICUs) of eight academic hospitals. Patients received either standard manual chest compressions or compressions performed with real-time feedback using the Cardio First Angel™ (CFA) device. The primary outcome was sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and secondary outcomes were survival to ICU and hospital discharge. Results: One thousand four hundred fifty-four subjects were randomized; 900 were included. Sustained ROSC was significantly improved in the CFA group (66.7% vs. 42.4%, P < 0.001), as was survival to ICU discharge (59.8% vs. 33.6%) and survival to hospital discharge (54% vs. 28.4%, P < 0.001). Outcomes were not affected by intra-group comparisons based on intubation status. ROSC, survival to ICU, and hospital discharge were noted to be improved in inter-group comparisons of non-intubated patients, but not intubated ones. Conclusion: Use of the CFA compression feedback device improved event survival and survival to ICU and hospital discharge

Do automated real-time feedback devices improve CPR quality? A systematic review of literature.

Aim: Automated real-time feedback devices have been considered a potential tool to improve the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Despite previous studies supporting the usefulness of such devices during training, others have conflicting conclusions regarding its efficacy during real-life CPR. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of automated real-time feedback devices for improving CPR performance during training, simulation and real-life resuscitation attempts in the adult and paediatric population. Methods: Articles published between January 2010 and November 2020 were searched from BVS, Cinahl, Cochrane, PubMed and Web of Science, and reviewed according to a pre-defined set of eligibility criteria which included healthcare providers and randomised controlled trial studies. CPR quality was assessed based on guideline compliance for chest compression rate, chest compression depth and residual leaning. Results: The selection strategy led to 19 eligible studies, 16 in training/simulation and three in real-life CPR. Feedback devices during training and/or simulation resulted in improved acquisition of skills and enhanced performance in 15 studies. One study resulted in no significant improvement. During real resuscitation attempts, three studies demonstrated significant improvement with the use of feedback devices in comparison with standard CPR (without feedback device). Conclusion: The use of automated real-time feedback devices enhances skill acquisition and CPR performance during training of healthcare professionals. Further research is needed to better understand the role of feedback devices in clinical setting

Photoredox Chemistry of Chloro Complexes of Antimony(III) and (V)

The complex [SbCl6]3− in CHCl3 shows a phosphorescence (λmax = 520 nm, ø = 2.4 X 10−3, τ 50 ns) originating from the lowest sp excited state. Oxygen quenches this luminescence and participates in the photooxidation of Sb(III): [SbCl6]3− + O2 → [SbCl6]− + O22−. At λirr = 263 nm the quantum yield was ø = 0.081. The photoproduct [SbCl6]− in CHCl3 is light-sensitive too. Ligand to metal charge transfer excitation induces a reduction of Sb(V): [SbCl6]− + 2Cl− → [SbCl6]3− + Cl2. At λirr = 272 nm the quantum yield was ø = 0.1. The photogenerated chlorine undergoes secondary reactions

SOME APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY TO THE STUDY OF CHEMICAL SYSTEMS IN THE CONDENSED PHASE - A TUTORIAL REVIEW

Il est bien établi que l'un des principaux avantages de la détection photoacoustique est sa capacité d'étudier les échantillons solides, semi-solides et liquides fortement ou faiblement absorbants ou diffusants. On présente un article de revue qui souligne l'importance de ces avantages à la fois pour des études quantitatives et qualitatives sur une large game d'échantillons (principalement des matériaux présentant un intérêt dans des études de corrosion, de fabrication de composants de pollution, d'électrochimie, de catalyse et en métallurgie et en biologie). Mais quelques limitations de ces techniques à la fois vers l'UV et l'IR sont imposées par des problèmes instrumentaux. Des progrès récents dans la spectrométrie photoacoustique IR et dans les techniques de corrélation sont examinés.It is well recognised that one of the principal advantages of the technique of photoacoustic detection which can be recognised for solid, semi-solid and liquid samples is its ability to undertake effective studies for samples which are strongly or weakly absorbing or where the scattering of incident radiation precludes the use of reflectance or transmission spectroscopy. A tutorial review is presented which emphasises the importance of these advantages for both qualitative and quantitative studies of a wide range of samples (including materials of interest in studies of corrosion, metallurgy, solid state device fabrication, pollution, electrochemistry, catalysis and biological studies). Some of the limitations of the techniques in both the UV-visible and infra-red regions of the spectrum imposed by existing instrumentation are also reviewed. Recent advances in Fourier-transform infra-red photoacoustic spectrometry and correlation techniques as a possible method of overcoming these disadvantages for spectroscopic examination of samples are described