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Integer polyhedra for program analysis
Polyhedra are widely used in model checking and abstract interpretation. Polyhedral analysis is effective when the relationships between variables are linear, but suffers from imprecision when it is necessary to take into account the integrality of the represented space. Imprecision also arises when non-linear constraints occur. Moreover, in terms of tractability, even a space defined by linear constraints can become unmanageable owing to the excessive number of inequalities. Thus it is useful to identify those inequalities whose omission has least impact on the represented space. This paper shows how these issues can be addressed in a novel way by growing the integer hull of the space and approximating the number of integral points within a bounded polyhedron
Dark Matter in the USSM
We discuss the neutralino dark matter within classes of extended
supersymmetric models, referred to as the USSM, containing one additional SM
singlet Higgs plus an extra Z', together with their superpartners the singlino
and bino'.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figs. Talk given at LCWS08, Chicago, IL, USA,
11/16-20/200
The Virtual Runner Learning Game
A learning game has been developed which allows learners to study and learn about the significance of three important variables in human physiology (lactate, glycogen, and hydration) and their influence on sports performance during running. The player can control the speed of the runner, and as a consequence the resulting physiological processes are simulated in real-time. The performance degradation of the runner due to these processes requires that different strategies for pacing the running speed are applied by the player, depending on the total length of the run. The game has been positively evaluated in a real learning context of academic physiology teaching
Retrograde Accretion and Merging Supermassive Black Holes
We investigate whether a circumbinary gas disc can coalesce a supermassive
black hole binary system in the centre of a galaxy. This is known to be
problematic for a prograde disc. We show that in contrast, interaction with a
retrograde circumbinary disc is considerably more effective in shrinking the
binary because there are no orbital resonances. The binary directly absorbs
negative angular momentum from the circumbinary disc by capturing gas into a
disc around the secondary black hole, or discs around both holes if the binary
mass ratio is close to unity. In many cases the binary orbit becomes eccentric,
shortening the pericentre distance as the eccentricity grows. In all cases the
binary coalesces once it has absorbed the angular momentum of a gas mass
comparable to that of the secondary black hole. Importantly, this conclusion is
unaffected even if the gas inflow rate through the disc is formally
super--Eddington for either hole. The coalescence timescale is therefore always
, where is the secondary black hole mass and
the inflow rate through the circumbinary disc.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Movies of the
simulations can be found at:
http://www.astro.le.ac.uk/users/cjn12/RetroBinaryMovies.htm
A review of knowledge: inter-row hoeing & its associated agronomy in organic cereal & pulse crops
The aim of this project was to establish the āstate of the artā for inter-row hoeing and its associated agronomic practices in organic cereal and pulse crops. To achieve this a detailed review of literature was undertaken.
ā¢ To facilitate inter-row cultivation in cereal and pulse crops, some adjustment of row spacing may be required. For cereals, drilling crops in 25 cm rows can reduce yield compared with normal drilling practice, primarily due to greater intra-specific competition amongst the crop (i.e. competition between crop plants).
ā¢ The yield penalty resulting from widely spaced crop rows can be minimised using a number of approaches, depending on the drill:
1. Reducing the seed rate in widely spaced crop rows can help to minimise excessive intra-specific competition.
2. Band sowing the crop in wide rows can also help to minimise intra-specific competition as the seed is distributed over a greater area.
3. Using a twin-row arrangement can completely overcome the yield penalty.
ā¢ The recommended row spacing for peas (up to 20 cm) and beans (up to 35 cm) does not require any further adjustment for inter-row hoeing.
ā¢ Recent developments in automated guidance of inter-row hoeing equipment mean that weeding operations can now be conducted a much higher speeds (10 km h-1). This has highlighted the limitations of some of the cultivators currently used (e.g. āAā blades), as excessive soil throw can occur at this high speed. Rolling cultivators may prove to be the most suitable at high forward speeds. For manually guided hoes working at slower speeds (5 km h-1), āAā and āLā blades offer an effective low cost solution.
ā¢ In terms of the timing of inter-row hoeing, it is suggested that weeding operations should be conducted at an early stage in the growing season, as the weeds that emerge with or shortly after the crop are the ones that pose the most significant threat for crop yield. Weeding on two occasions can provide better levels of weed control than weeding once, but weeding more frequently offered little additional benefit. Reductions of weed biomass of up to 99 % have been reported as a result of inter-row hoeing, although this has not always resulted in a positive crop yield response. This is probably due to crop damage resulting from inaccurate hoeing, a problem that can be overcome with automated guidance.
ā¢ There is some evidence to suggest that mechanical weeding operations can mineralise soil bound nitrogen.
ā¢ The impact of inter-row hoeing on ground nesting birds is uncertain. Early indications suggest that skylarks prefer to nest directly adjacent to or in the crop row rather than between rows.
The information contained within this review should enable farmers to make best use of inter-row hoeing in their arable crops.
There are a number of areas that require further research and development:
ā¢ The interaction of seed rate and row spacing needs to be confirmed in organic systems.
ā¢ Relatively little is known about the mechanisms of weed kill and the detailed interaction between the cultivator blade, the weed and the soil. This is particularly important with the new automated guidance equipment that allows weeding at high forward speeds.
ā¢ The timing and frequency of inter-row hoeing has received very little attention. The optimum weed control timings are based on small-plot crop:weed competition studies and need to be verified under field scale management with inter-row hoeing equipment.
ā¢ Finally, the impact of inter-row hoeing and widely spaced crop rows on ground-nesting birds has not been looked at directly, but is of importance.
Please see the main report for a more detailed summary before the full text
Reflections On Contributing To āBig Discoveriesā About The Fly Clock: Our Fortunate Paths As Post-Docs With 2017 Nobel Laureates Jeff Hall, Michael Rosbash, And Mike Young
In the early 1980s Jeff Hall and Michael Rosbash at Brandeis University and Mike Young at Rockefeller University set out to isolate the period (per) gene, which was recovered in a revolutionary genetic screen by Ron Konopka and Seymour Benzer for mutants that altered circadian behavioral rhythms. Over the next 15 years the Hall, Rosbash and Young labs made a series of groundbreaking discoveries that defined the molecular timekeeping mechanism and formed the basis for them being awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Here the authors recount their experiences as post-docs in the Hall, Rosbash and Young labs from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, and provide a perspective of how basic research conducted on a simple model system during that era profoundly influenced the direction of the clocks field and established novel approaches that are now standard operating procedure for studying complex behavior
Study of fuel cell powerplant with heat recovery
It was shown that heat can be recovered from fuel cell power plants by replacing the air-cooled heat exchangers in present designs with units which transfer the heat to the integrated utility system. Energy availability for a 40-kW power plant was studied and showed that the total usable energy at rated power represents 84 percent of the fuel lower heating value. The effects of design variables on heat availability proved to be small. Design requirements were established for the heat recovery heat exchangers, including measurement of the characteristics of two candidate fuel cell coolants after exposure to fuel cell operating conditions. A heat exchanger test program was defined to assess fouling and other characteristics of fuel cell heat exchangers needed to confirm heat exchanger designs for heat recovery
Liquid oil painting: Free and forced convection in an enclosure with mechanical and thermal forcing
A fluid dynamics video is linked to this article, which have been submitted
to the Gallery of Fluid Motion as part of the 65th American Physical Society
meeting of the Division of Fluid Dynamics, held in San Diego, California, USA,
over 17-20 November 2012. The video serves to visualize flows generated in a
rectangular enclosure that are subjected to both mechanical and thermal forcing
through a common horizontal boundary. This system exhibits features consistent
with either horizontal convection or lid-driven cavity flows depending on the
ratio between thermal and mechanical stirring, and three different cases are
visualized in the linked videos.Comment: 2 video files attached, 4 pages, 1 figure. This article is submitted
accompanying a video submitted to the Gallery of Fluid Motion as part of the
65th Division of Fluid Dynamics meeting of the American Physical Society
(17-20 November, San Diego, CA, USA
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