Examining Summertime Melt and Temperatures in the North Pacific Cordillera

Temperature changes in glaciated regions are of immediate concern for estimates of future sea level rise. Alaska and the surrounding region contain over 40 mm of potential sea level rise in its many alpine glaciers, which are experiencing some of the highest rates of mass loss globally. However, records of both past and present temperatures in the region’s alpine sectors are sparse and limited in temporal and spatial extent. Here I examine the application of MODIS land surface temperatures and layers of refrozen melt in ice cores as temperature indicators in the St. Elias and Alaska Ranges. First, I find that a previously observed cold bias in MODIS LSTs relative to in situ temperatures is likely due to a discrepancy between surface and air temperatures over glaciated surfaces. The bias is not a result of MODIS’ large footprint (1 km2), nor is it introduced by poorly constrained snow emissivity values used in the LST calculation, although the role of emissivity in its amplification remains unknown. Although MODIS LSTs may be used to supplement in situ temperatures, factors affecting the relationship between surface and air temperatures must be accounted for. Second, I find that melt layers since 2000 in an ice core from Eclipse Icefield (St. Elias Range) do not correspond to years of high temperatures. However, years of high surface ablation do, suggesting that complex percolation dynamics, rather than the surface environment, control the preservation of an annual melt record in ice cores. Although modern melt layers do not reflect temperature, Eclipse may transition between percolation regimes with modest temperature changes and melt layers from the pre-industrial Holocene may yet provide a valuable record of past temperatures. Lastly, I find that a novel analytical technique for melt layer identification using bubble number density agrees with established methods, validating their continued use. Although bubble number density cannot be used to unequivocally identify highly thinned melt layers at depth, the method shows promise with improved accuracy in depth measurements and signal-to-noise ratio

Age Related Changes in the Microstructure of Mozzarella Cheese

Changes that occurred in the microstructure of low-moisture, part skim Mozzarella made with a mixed starter consisting of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus and Lacwbacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and coagulated with fermentation -produced chymosin , were examined during 50 days of ripening at 4 °C. Im mediately after manufacture (day 3), a homogeneous and continuous phase of amorphous paracasein represented a three-dimensional protein network in the cheese. A large number of irregularly shaped and sized microcavi ties were present. During 50 days of aging , an increase in the porosity of the defatted paracasein matrix was apparent. These changes were coincidental with a fourfold increase in water-soluble nitrogen (from approximately 2 to 8% of total N) and hydrolysis of approximately 50% of aS1-casein. It is suggested that the confluence of adjoining microcavities that occurred progressively throughout storage may be due to proteolysis or C02 production by the starter culture

Вирусный маркетинг в туристской индустрии: проблемы и перспективы

Материалы XII Междунар. науч.-техн. конф. (науч. чтения, посвящ. П. О. Сухому), Гомель, 22–23 нояб. 2018 г

Chemical analysis of pottery demonstrates prehistoric origin for high-altitude alpine dairying

The European high Alps are internationally renowned for their dairy produce, which are of huge cultural and economic significance to the region. Although the recent history of alpine dairying has been well studied, virtually nothing is known regarding the origins of this practice. This is due to poor preservation of high altitude archaeological sites and the ephemeral nature of transhumance economic practices. Archaeologists have suggested that stone structures that appear around 3,000 years ago are associated with more intense seasonal occupation of the high Alps and perhaps the establishment of new economic strategies. Here, we report on organic residue analysis of small fragments of pottery sherds that are occasionally preserved both at these sites and earlier prehistoric rock-shelters. Based mainly on isotopic criteria, dairy lipids could only be identified on ceramics from the stone structures, which date to the Iron Age (ca. 3,000 - 2,500 BP), providing the earliest evidence of this practice in the high Alps. Dairy production in such a marginal environment implies a high degree of risk even by today’s standards. We postulate that this practice was driven by population increase and climate deterioration that put pressure on lowland agropastoral systems and the establishment of more extensive trade networks, leading to greater demand for highly nutritious and transportable dairy products

Verksamhetsanalys, Planering och Utveckling av en webbtjänst

Arbetet behandlar utvecklingsprocessen av programmet SECTMA, ett cirkeltränings-program designat för människor som utövar kampsporter. Programmet är designat för alla konditionsnivåer från toppidrottare till de som endast vill förbättra sin kondition. Arbetet är tudelat, i den första delen går jag igenom teori för STOF och Agile för att skapa en grund och en förståelse för hur jag vill utveckla programmet. Den andra delen följer med utvecklingsprocessen stegvis. STOF erbjuder ett ramverk för att analysera en verksamhetsmodell, som ger oss en grund för projektet. De olika områden som STOF tar upp är: Service, Teknologi, Orga-nisation och Finans. Varje delområde gås igenom skilt och man ställer frågor och ger svar på dem för att man skall begrunda alla väsentliga frågor. Utvecklingsmodellen som används är Agile, ett sätt att utveckla mjukvarubaserade tjänster i cykler. Hur kravhantering fungerar i agila utvecklingsmodeller tas också upp. Själva utvecklingsprocessen beskrivs steg för steg, allt från planeringen till varje pro-grammeringsfas, som förklaras i fyra olika iterationer. Tjänsten skall vara lätt att an-vända och skall kunna fungera på så många plattformer som möjligt. En enkel och klar design är också viktig. Till sist reflekterar jag över de resultat jag nått i utvecklingsprocessen. Jag sammanfattar mina tankar om Agile och STOF, samt reflekterar över hur de fungerade tillsammans för att utveckla produkten.The work deals with the development of SECTMA, a circle training program designed for people who practice martial arts. The program is designed for all fitness levels from top athletes to those who just want to improve their fitness level. The work is divided into two parts; in the first part I go through theory for STOF and Agile to create a foundation and an understanding of how I want to develop the program. The second part follows the development stages. STOF offers a framework to analyze a development model; this gives us a basis for the project. The different areas STOF addresses are: Service, Technology, Organization and Finance. Each area is reviewed separately and I ask questions and give answers to the questions in order to go through all the issues. The development model used is called Agile, a way to develop services in cycles. How requirement management works in agile development models is also discussed. The de-velopment process is described step by step, from planning to each of the programming phases, which are explained in four different iterations. The service should be easy to use and be able to work on as many platforms as possible. A simple and clear design is also important. Finally, I reflect on the results I got from the development process. I summarize my thoughts on Agile and STOF and reflect on how they worked together to develop the product

Can CEDAW Article 6 Transform a Broken Girl into a Precious Gem?

Resumé Prostitution exists all over the world, in different shapes and in different cultural contexts. Observing prostitution today, in any part of the world, reveals a picture of much coercion, violence and exploitation of women and children but seldom of men. There is an international agreement to change the situation, expressed in CEDAW Article 6. But, as cultures differ and ideas differ, there is no uniform approach on how to act in order to change these suppressive social structures and patterns. The focus of our thesis is the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) Article 6 in a national context. The national context in this study is represented by the Kingdom of Cambodia, and we are examining how the suppression of traffic in women and exploitation of prostitution of women in accordance with CEDAW Article 6 are promoted and worked with in this specific country. CEDAW Article 6 reads: "State Parties shall take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to suppress all forms of traffic in women and exploitation of prostitution of women." The main purpose of this study is to examine how Cambodia has acknowledged this, and what measures has been taken to fulfil Cambodia's undertaking of Article 6. The study examines how exploitation of prostitution and trafficking is handled in legislation and other measures taken by the Cambodian government as well as measures by other actors such as Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and International Organisations (IOs). The study is based on a fieldstudy in Cambodia between February and May 2002