Booth-Encoded Karatsuba: A Novel Hardware-Efficient Multiplier

There is a recent boom being witnessed in emerging areas like IoMT (Internet of Medical Things), Artificial Intelligence for healthcare, and disaster management. These novel research frontiers are critical in terms of hardware and cannot afford to compromise accuracy or reliability. Multiplier, being one of the most heavily used components, becomes crucial in these applications. If optimized, multipliers can impact the overall performance of the system. Thus, in this paper, an attempt has been made to determine the potential of accurate multipliers while meeting minimal hardware requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel Booth-Encoded Karatsuba multiplier and provide its comparison with a Booth-Encoded Wallace tree multiplier. These architectures have been developed using two types of Booth encoding: Radix-4 and Radix-8 for 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit multiplications. The algorithm is designed to be parameterizable to different bit widths, thereby offering higher flexibility. The proposed mul- tiplier offers advantage of enhanced performance with significant reduction in hardware while negligibly trad- ing off the Power Delay Product (PDP). It has been observed that the performance of the proposed architecture increases with increasing multiplier size due to significant reduction in hardware and slight increase in PDP. All the architectures have been implemented in Verilog HDL using Xilinx Vivado Design Suite

Physicochemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Milk Fortified with Spray-Dried Whey Protein Concentrate–Iron Complex and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of the Added Iron

U ovom je radu proizveden kompleks koncentrata proteina sirutke i željeza postupkom sušenja raspršivanjem u laboratorijskoj sušilici pri optimalnim uvjetima: ulazna temperatura zraka 180 °C, protok 2,66 mL/min i ukupni udjel čvrste tvari 15 %, za uporabu u prehrambenim proizvodima. Standardnim postupkom centrifugiranja i ultrafiltracije uklonjeno je slobodno željezo, zatim je retentat sušen raspršivanjem za dobivanje kompleksa koncentrata proteina sirutke i željeza. Nije bilo bitne razlike u toplinskoj stabilnosti, vremenu koagulacije sirila, boji, tvrdoći gruša, viskoznosti i senzorskim svojstvima mlijeka obogaćenog kompleksom (y(željezo)=15 mg/L) u usporedbi s kontrolnim uzorkom. Biološka dostupnost željeza in vitro i indukcijsko vrijeme bili su nešto veći (p<0,05) u mlijeku obogaćenom kompleksom koncentrata proteina sirutke i željeza nego u onom obogaćenom željezom. Stoga je zaključeno da se mlijeko može obogatiti kompleksom željeza (maksimum 15 mg/L) i koncentrata proteina sirutke bez većeg utjecaja na njegova fizikalnokemijska svojstva.In the present study, spray-dried whey protein concentrate–iron (WPC–Fe) complex was prepared using a laboratory-scale spray drier under the optimized conditions of inlet temperature 180 °C, flow rate 2.66 mL/min and total solids 15 % with the objective to make iron compatible with food products. In order to remove the free iron from the bound iron, standardised method involving centrifugation and ultrafiltration was employed. Further, the retentate was subjected to spray drying to produce WPC–Fe complex. Milk fortified with WPC–Fe complex (γ(iron)=15 mg/L) showed non-significant difference in heat stability, rennet coagulation time, colour estimation, curd tension, viscosity and sensory attributes as compared to control milk. In vitro bioaccessibility of iron and induction period of the fat from milk fortified with WPC–Fe complex were found to be slightly higher (p<0.05) than that of milk fortified with iron alone. Therefore, milk can be fortified with up to 15 mg/L iron in the form of WPC–Fe complex without significantly affecting its physicochemical properties

Subcutaneous Cyst due to Medicopsis romeroi in a Diabetic Lepromatous Leprosy Patient: An Interesting Case Report and Review from India

Medicopsis romeroi (M. romeroi) (syn. Pyrenochaeta romeroi) is a rare melanized fungus causing subcutaneous/localized invasive phaeohyphomycosis in immunocompromised patients. We present a rare case of subcutaneous phaeohypho-mycotic cyst caused by M.romeroi in a diabetic male with lepromatous leprosy. Molecular identification was performed by sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region and D1/D2 region of Large Ribosomal Subunit (LSU)

Tinosporaside from <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> Encourages Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport through Both PI-3-Kinase- and AMPK-Dependent Mechanisms

The stem of Tinospora cordifolia has been traditionally used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for blood sugar control, without the knowledge of the underlying mechanism and chemical constitution responsible for the observed anti-diabetic effect. In the present study, Tinosporaside, a diterpenoid isolated from the stem of T. cordifolia, was investigated for its effects on glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells, which was followed by determining the anti-hyperglycemic efficacy in our diabetic db/db mice model. We found that tinosporaside augmented glucose uptake by increasing the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in L6 myotubes, upon prolonged exposure for 16 h. Moreover, tinosporaside treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B/AKT (Ser-473) and 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, Thr-172). These effects were abolished in the presence of the wortmannin and compound C. Administration of tinosporaside to db/db mice improved glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin sensitivity associated with increased gene expression and phosphorylation of the markers of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle tissue. The findings revealed that tinosporaside exerted its antidiabetic efficacy by enhancing the rate of glucose utilization in skeletal muscle, mediated by PI3K- and AMPK-dependent signaling mechanisms